Contribution à la cartographie chromosomique

Notre contribution à la cartographie nous a permis: - d'une part à d'enrichir la carte humaine et celle de la souris, en localisant cinq nouveaux gènes intervenant dans le métabolisme des lipoprotéines: LEP en 7q31.2, FATP1 en 19p13.1, et les trois gènes murins Ppara,Ppa;rJet Ppargdans les régions 1SE, 17B et 6Ft - d'autre part, de rechercher un nouveau gène en utilisant, et les données des cartes, et les outils issus du Projet Génome Humain. Le syndrome d'Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS),actuellement considéré comme une pathologie associée aux organelles dérivées de l'appareil de Golgi, de transmission autosomique récessive, est génétiquement hétérogène, puisqu'au moins six gènes (HPS1 à 6) sont connus. La caractérisation moléculaire,avec des BACs ordonnés, d'un réarrangement chromosomique complexe familial chez un patient porteur d'un syndrome HPS sporadique, nous a permis de proposer l'existence d'un gène supplémentaire pour ce syndrome.Notre contribution à la cartographie nous a permis: - d'une part à d'enrichir la carte humaine et celle de la souris, en localisant cinq nouveaux gènes intervenant dans le métabolisme des lipoprotéines: LEP en 7q31.2, FATP1 en 19p13.1, et les trois gènes murins Ppara,Ppa;rJet Ppargdans les régions 1SE, 17B et 6Ft - d'autre part, de rechercher un nouveau gène en utilisant, et les données des cartes, et les outils issus du Projet Génome Humain. Le syndrome d'Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS),actuellement considéré comme une pathologie associée aux organelles dérivées de l'appareil de Golgi, de transmission autosomique récessive, est génétiquement hétérogène, puisqu'au moins six gènes (HPS1 à 6) sont connus. La caractérisation moléculaire,avec des BACs ordonnés, d'un réarrangement chromosomique complexe familial chez un patient porteur d'un syndrome HPS sporadique, nous a permis de proposer l'existence d'un gène supplémentaire pour ce syndrome.LILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Aging of Solution processed perovskite solar cells

International audienceIn recent years, perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-XClX) solar cells have been studied steadily due to their potential properties: low-cost processing and possibility to produce large area by low temperature processes. The perovskite film used as light absorber is obtained by solution process and has a crystalline structure. Many different solvents are being developed and gradually adopted for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. PEDOT:PSS and PC60BM are used as hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL), respectively. The size of active area is 0.28cm 2. In this study, 9.54% of power conversion efficiency (PCE) is obtained with a saturated current density (Jsc) of 15.03 mA/cm 2. The degradation of the performance of the solar cell is studied with XRD measurements as well as electrical characterizations. The perovskite solar cell performance decreases with aging time (Table 1 and Figure 1a) and XRD data show the growing of the PbI2 peak and a decreasing of the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) peak

Interplay of Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrophobic Interactions to Control the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Multilayers at the Oil–Water Interface

International audienceWe probe the mechanical shear and compression properties of hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers directly assembled at the oil-water interface using interfacial rheology techniques. We show that the polymer multilayers behave mechanically like a transient network, with elastic moduli that can be varied over 2 orders of magnitude by controlling the type and strength of physical interactions involved in the multilayers, which are controlled by the pH and the hydrophobicity of the polymer. Indeed, the interplay of hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions enables one to obtain a tighter and stronger network at the interface. Moreover, we show how a simple LBL process applied directly on emulsion droplets leads to encapsulation of a model oil, dodecane, as well as perfume molecules

Altered ovarian transcriptome is linked to early mortality and abnormalities in zebrafish embryos after maternal exposure to gamma irradiation

Recent laboratory studies focusing on multigenerational approach demonstrated drastic phenotypic effects after chronic fish irradiation exposure. No irradiation effect at phenotypic scale was observed for F0 (reproductive performances) while early mortality and malformations were observed in F1 offspring whether they were irradiated or not. The objective was to study molecular mechanisms likely to be involved in these phenotypic effects induced by parental irradiation. Thus, F0 adult zebrafish were irradiated for ten days until reproduction and maternal involvement in offspring development was assessed. Levels of maternal provided cortisol and vitellogenin, needed for embryo development, were not impacted by irradiation. However, maternal transcriptome highlighted irradiation effect on processes involved in oocyte development, as well as on essential maternal factors needed for offspring development. Therefore, this study highlighted the importance of parental exposure on offspring fate and of the importance of multigenerational exposure in risk assessment

Genomic and epigenomic immunity in common bean: the unusual features of NB-LRR gene family

In plants, a key class of genes comprising most of disease resistance (R) genes encodes Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NL) proteins. Access to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genome sequence provides unparalleled insight into the organization and evolution of this large gene family (similar to 400 NL) in this important crop. As observed in other plant species, most common bean NL are organized in cluster of genes. However, a particularity of common bean is that these clusters are often located in subtelomeric regions close to terminal knobs containing the satellite DNA khipu. Phylogenetically related NL are spread between different chromosome ends, suggesting frequent exchanges between non-homologous chromosomes. NL peculiar location, in proximity to heterochromatic regions, led us to study their DNA methylation status using a whole-genome cytosine methylation map. In common bean, NL genes displayed an unusual body methylation pattern since half of them are methylated in the three contexts, reminiscent of the DNA methylation pattern of repeated sequences. Moreover, 90 NL were also abundantly targeted by 24 nt siRNA, with 90% corresponding to methylated NL genes. This suggests the existence of a transcriptional gene silencing mechanism of NL through the RdDM (RNA-directed DNA methylation) pathway in common bean that has not been described in other plant species

Fragiles compétences

Le parti pris de cet ouvrage est de proposer une lecture « incarnée » des démarches compétences en relatant la façon dont salariés, managers et dirigeants s’y engagent. Ce sont ainsi des trajectoires et des histoires contemporaines d’entreprises qui sont proposées au lecteur afin d’éclairer les enjeux que pose la question de la compétence. À partir d’un travail empirique conduit dans neuf entreprises des Pays de la Loire, les auteurs esquissent quatre « figures » de la compétence. Dans chacune des figures évoquées, ce sont autant de nouvelles façons de travailler, de produire et de gérer les Hommes qui se dessinent. Néanmoins, mises à l’épreuve des faits et des aléas de la production, les compétences s’avèrent aussi fragiles au point de reposer avec acuité la question du « compromis » sur lequel elles entendent se fonder

The Human Fatty Acid Transport Protein-1 (SLC27A1; FATP-1) cDNA and Gene: Organization, Chromosomal Localization, and Expression

International audienceUptake of fatty acids into cells is a controlled process in part regulated by fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), which facilitate the transport of fatty acids across the cell membrane. In this study the structure of the human FATP-1 (HGMW-approved symbol SLC27A1) cDNA and gene was determined, and the expression of its mRNA in human was characterized. Muscle and adipose tissue have the highest levels of FATP-1 mRNA, small intestine has intermediate levels, and FATP-1 mRNA is barely detectable in liver. The human FATP-1 gene has 12 exons and extends over more than 13 kb of genomic DNA. The FATP gene maps to chromosome 19p13.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, a region previously suggested to be implicated in the determination of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Knowledge of the gene structure and chromosomal localization will allow screening for FATP mutations in humans with metabolic disorders, whereas knowledge of its expression pattern and factors regulating its expression could be of importance in understanding its biology