Energy aware optimized dynamic routing mechanism in wireless sensor networks

A trade-off between energy efficiency and optimized routing is massively recommended for transmission efficiency enhancement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Therefore, in this paper, graph-based energy optimized dynamic routing (GEODR) mechanism is introduced to set up a balance between energy consumption minimization and throughput enhancement using a dynamic and optimized routing mechanism in WSNs. A clustering scheme is employed based on graph theory, and cluster boundaries are formed using distance vectors. Cluster head (CH) selection is performed based on residual energy, the distance between CHs, and the mobility of the sink node. Each cluster is scattered with multiple tiny nodes, and event monitoring is performed. A model for graph-based dynamic routing to transmit data packets, cluster and cluster boundary formation, and optimization of routing problems is discussed. The performance efficiency of the proposed GEODR mechanism is determined by taking 100 sensor nodes, and 20 nodes are selected as CHs in a sensor network, and several other network parameters are also considered. A massive improvement in energy is observed by using sink node mobility. Experimental results are obtained using the proposed GEODR mechanism in terms of data packet transmission, alive nodes, dead nodes, and residual energy and compared against classical routing mechanisms such as low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and stable election protocol (SEP)

Tuberculous intestinal perforation in a case of Burkitt lymphoma on chemotherapy - A case report

Intestinal perforation induced by chemotherapy in a patient of Burkitt lymphoma is a known potential complication whichcarries high mortality. Perforation may also occur as a result of the transmural nature of the tumour. Patients on chemotherapyare prone to contract infectious diseases due to a compromised immune system. Pulmonary tuberculosis has been reported inthese patients, but abdominal tuberculosis has not. We report the case of a five year old boy on chemotherapy for Burkittlymphoma, and who developed a tuberculous jejunal perforation. The patient underwent drain insertion and stabilizationfollowed by exploratory laparotomy with resection of the pathological segment and closure of the duodenal stump at the fourthpart. Bowel continuity was re-established by gastrojejunostomy. Histopathologic examination of the resected segment revealedintestinal tuberculosis. Anti -tubercular therapy was started and continued for nine months. The last cycle of chemotherapy wasadministered 1 month after surgery. At 1 year of follow up the patient is asymptomatic and thriving well

Progesterone Metabolites Produced by Cytochrome P450 3A Modulate Uterine Contractility in a Murine Model

Objective: We seek to characterize the effect of progesterone metabolites on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractility. Study Design: Spontaneous contractility was studied in mouse uterine horns after treatment with progesterone, 2α-hydroxyprogesterone, 6β-hydroxyprogesterone (6β-OHP), 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (16α-OHP), or 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) at 10−9 to 10−6 mol/L. Uterine horns were exposed to progestins (10−6 mol/L), followed by increasing concentrations of oxytocin (1-100 nmol/L) to study oxytocin-induced contractility. Contraction parameters were compared for each progestin and matched vehicle control using repeated measures 2-way analysis of variance. In vitro metabolism of progesterone by recombinant cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) microsomes (3A5, 3A5, and 3A7) identified major metabolites. Results: Oxytocin-induced contractile frequency was decreased by 16α-OHP (P = .03) and increased by 6β-OHP (P = .05). Progesterone and 17-OHPC decreased oxytocin-induced contractile force (P = .02 and P = .04, respectively) and frequency (P = .02 and P = .03, respectively). Only progesterone decreased spontaneous contractile force (P = .02). Production of 16α-OHP and 6β-OHP metabolites were confirmed in all CYP3A isoforms tested. Conclusion: Progesterone metabolites produced by maternal or fetal CYP3A enzymes influence uterine contractility

An unusual presentation of rectal atresia with rectal duplication cyst in a neonate: A case report

A 10 days old male baby brought with abdominal distension and cystic swelling in the left buttock. Radiological investigationssuggested para-rectal abscess or rectal duplication cyst. Patient underwent transverse loop colostomy and later definitivesurgery by posterior sagittal approach. Intra-operative findings were suggestive of small atretic rectal segment with duplicationcyst of the rectum. To the best of our knowledge, neonatal rectal atresia with rectal duplication cyst has not been reported inEnglish literature

Real-world evaluation of safety and effectiveness of ferrous bis-glycinate and its combination in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia during pregnancy. It leads to adverse outcomes on maternal and infant morbidity/mortality. There is a reduction in hemoglobin levels due to an increase in iron demand during pregnancy. Many pregnant women have poor or depleted iron stores and the amount of iron from the diet together with mobilized stores from the body is insufficient to meet the maternal demands. To meet iron demands, regular iron supplementation is recommended. Conventional iron supplements report frequent gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, tolerability, and compliance of ferrous bis-glycinate and it’s combination for treating iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from 34 obstetricians and gynecologists across India, on the use of ferrous bis-glycinate and it’s combination as iron supplementation to pregnant women. The clinical records were analyzed for the objective i.e., rise in hemoglobin, safety, tolerability, and compliance. Results: 374 completed case records forms were considered for the analysis. These pregnant women had taken supplementation with ferrous bis-glycinate and its combination for an average of 58.5 days. The use of ferrous bis-glycinate and it’s combination improved mean hemoglobin concentration from 8.86 gm/dL to 11.27 gm/dL. With respect to safety, 97.6% of pregnant women did not report any adverse events. The remaining 2.4% had mild gastrointestinal side effects. Furthermore, 93% of pregnant women rated the tolerability as very good to good, and >98% of patients complied with >80% of treatment with ferrous bis-glycinate. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis suggests that ferrous bis-glycinate and it’s combination as iron supplementation in pregnancy is safe, effective, and well-tolerated

Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea and Detection of Toxin Producing Strains in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra

Background: Rampant and injudicious use of broad spectrum antibiotic in hospitalized patients has increased the incidence of Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD). In recent years, Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) has become more frequent, severe, and difficult to treat. Aim and Objective: A prospective, study was conducted to isolate C. difficile in Antibiotic-associated Diarrhoea (AAD) and to detect toxin producing strains of C. difficile from faecal samples of patients suspected to have CDI. Material and Methods: A total of 111 hospitalized patients who developed diarrhoea after >72 hours of admission and suspected of CDI were enrolled for investigation. The samples were subjected to anaerobic culture and toxin assay. Results: The total sample size of the study was 111 patients who were having antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Majority of the patients were from the age group 21-30 years and 41-50 years i.e., 23 (20.7%). Males 64 (57.7%) were affected more as compared to females 47 (42.3%). Third generation cephalosporins were the most common group of antibiotics associated with both AAD 36 (32.4%) and CDAD 9 (42.85%) cases, followed by carbapenem fluroquinolones in combination 3 (12.5%). Culture positivity was seen in 12 (10.81%) of the 111 stool samples and 39 (35.13%) were toxin producers. Conclusion: The use of several medications was found to be associated with an increased risk of CDAD. The only way to reduce Cl. difficile infection is to judiciously use antibiotics, strictly adhere to antibiotic policy and to give prime importance to strict infection control measures

Effect of Yonidhavan on Different Gynaecological Diseases - A Retrospective Study

Gynecological diseases are increasing day by day. Among all, female genital infections bear a major component. It carries the specific attention of underlying diseases such as vaginitis, cervical erosions PIDs, to malignancies. Ayurveda highlights these disorders under Yonivyapadas. Classics have highlighted 20 types of Yonivypadas where pathogenesis takes place in genital areas. Local treatments such as Yonidhavan, Picu, Varti are described for the same. Yonidhavan refers to drug delivery through genital areas. The medicated fluid of Yonidhavan helps to clean genital areas, reduce inflammation and help to regrowth healthy tissue.  Understanding these, a retrospective study on the effect of Yonidhavan with Panchawalkal Kwath for a sample of 100 patients was done for 1 year. Analysis of the symptoms as well as the result, with clinical evidence and statistical evaluation, proved that overall Yonidhavan gave excellent outcomes in 94.9% patients in relieving the symptoms. The therapy proved to be promising on criteria such as per vaginal discharge (Srava), tenderness (Sparasahatwa), and tissue swelling (Shoph). It proved most significant on per vaginal profuse discharge (96.5%) and tenderness (Sparasahatwa) (74.3%). The study revealed that no recurrence of the symptoms was noticed after one year in 73% of the patients. Twenty-two percent of patients showed recurrence of symptoms in one year. The use of Panchawalkal Yonidhavan not only gave symptomatic relief but helped to cure Yonivypadas. Yonidhavan proved helpful, economical, and accessible Ayurvedic treatment

Environmental Case Study with regards to Water quality of Ancient wells of Bijapur

Abstract : Historic wells (boudies) built by Adil Shahi dynasty i

A clinical study on shodhananga snehapana with special reference to Samyak Snigdha Lakshana

Snehana (internal oleation) is the  major preparatory procedure to be performed before Shodhana (Biopurification).The entire procedure of Shodhana depends upon the proper mobilization of humors (Dosha) from peripheral circulation (Shakha) to intestinal circulation (Koshtha),which is achieved with the help of Snehana and Svedana. Oleation leads and decides total outcome of The Bio purification therapy; Hence in this study standard guidelines are applied for performing internal oleation in an effective manner to avoid Ayoga (insufficient use) and Atiyoga (excessive use) of Snehana. For that we start and increased dose of lipids in an appropriate manner considering Agni (power of digestion) and Koshtha (nature of bowels) of patients. The study was carried out on total 30 healthy volunteers undergoing Vasantik Vamana. Shodhananga Snehapana with Shuddha Ghrita was administered according to Agni and Koshtha of patients. Samyak snigdha Lakshanas were assessed using special scoring pattern. Statistical analysis using paired‘t’ test were done. Onset of samyak snigdha lakshana occurs in sequence. Vatanuloman, Agnidipti, Gatra Mruduta, Klama, Snehodvega, Adhastat Sneha Darshana was seen in all patients; whereas, glani, Anga Laghava, Twak Snighdata were noted in less percentage of patients.&nbsp