Aqua­(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)bis­(2-hydroxy­benzoato-κO)manganese(II) 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline hemisolvate

In the asymmetric unit of the title complex, [Mn(C7H5O3)2(C14H12N2)(H2O)]·0.5C14H12N2, the MnII ion is coordinated by a bidentate 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen) mol­ecule, one water mol­ecule and two monodentate 2-hydroxy­benzoate anions in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The OH group of the 2-hydroxy­benzoate anion is disordered over two positions with site-occupancy factors of 0.5. The asymmetric unit is completed with by an uncoordinated half-mol­ecule of dmphen, disordered about a crystallographic twofold axis. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into a two-dimensional framework by O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The packing of the structure is further stabilized by π–π stacking inter­actions involving dmphen mol­ecules, with centroid–centroid separations of 3.8027 (3) and 3.6319 (3) Å

A Methyl Esterase 1 (PvMES1) Promotes the Salicylic Acid Pathway and Enhances Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Common Beans

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food legume. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli is one of the most serious soil-born diseases of common bean found throughout the world and affects the yield and quality of the crop. Few sources of Fusarium wilt resistance exist in legumes and most are of quantitative inheritance. In this study, we have identified a methyl salicylate esterase (MES), PvMES1, that contributes to plant defense response by regulating the salicylic acid (SA) mediated signaling pathway in response to Fusarium wilt in common beans. The result showed the role of PvMES1 in regulating SA levels in common bean and thus the SA signaling pathway and defense response mechanism in the plant. Overexpression of the PvMES1 gene enhanced Fusarium wilt resistance; while silencing of the gene caused susceptibility to the diseases. RNA-seq analysis with these transiently modified plants showed that genes related to SA level changes included the following gene ontologies: a) interaction between host and pathogen; b) phenylpropanoid synthesis; and c) sugar metabolism as well as others. These key signal elements activated the defense response pathway in common bean to Fusarium wilt. Collectively, our findings indicate that PvMES1 plays a pivotal role in regulating SA biosynthesis and signaling, and increasing Fusarium wilt resistance in common bean, thus providing novel insight into the practical applications of both SA and MES genes and pathways they contribiute to for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced broad-spectrum resistance to this critical disease

catena-Poly[[bis­(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-2,2′-(ethane-1,2-diyldithio)di-1,3,4-thia­diazole-κ2 N 4:N 4′]

In the title compound, [Cu(NO3)2(C6H6N4S4)]n, the CuII atom, occupying a crystallographic inversion centre, is six-coordinated by two N atoms of two 2,2′-[1,2-ethane­diyl­bis­(thio)]bis­[1,3,4-thia­diazole] ligands in trans positions, and four O atoms from two symmetry-related opposite nitrate anions, which are asymmetrically bonded, resulting in a strong distorted octa­hedral geometry of the central atom. The ethane group is equally disordered over two sites via another inversion centre. The bridging bidentate 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(thio)]bis­[1,3,4-thia­diazole] ligands link the CuII centres into a one-dimensional chain. The chains are inter­connected via inter­molecular S⋯O inter­actions [3.044 (4) and 3.084 (5) Å] and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Atatürk, Türk Dili ve Yazı İnkılâbı

Özet: Dünyada çok nadir lider bir ömürde hem savaş alanında hem kültür alanında o kadar çok zafer kazanmıştır. Atatürk her yönüyle o nadir liderlerden biridir. O kendi düşünce sistemiyle, öngörüşüyle ve çevreye zamanında motivasyon vererek faaliyete geçirmesiyle Türkiye’ye ve Türk halkına yeni ufuklar açmıştır. Atatürk, bir fikir adamı olarak, milli kültürün temel direklerinden birinin dil olduğunu biliyordu. Bu sebeple konuşma dili ile yazı dilini ve halkın dili ile aydınların dilini yakınlaştırmak için dil inkılâbını teşvik etti. Dil inkılâbının ilk safhası olarak 1 Kasım 1928’de yazı inkılâbı gerçekleşti ve Latin harfleri kanunla kabul edildi. Böylece, yazı inkılâbı, Türk dilinin ve Türk kültürünün tarihinde bir dönüm noktası oldu ve kısa zamanda Türkçe kendi yumuşaklığı ve ahenkliği ile yeniden bütün güzelliğini meydana çıkardı. Anahtar kelimeler: Atatürk, Türk dili, Türk dilinin Latin alfabesi, Türkçede vokaller, Türkçede konsonantlar

Surgical techniques for early-stage thymoma: Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy versus transsternal thymectomy

ObjectiveThe present study compared the outcomes between patients who had undergone video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy and transsternal (TS) thymectomy for Masaoka stage I and II thymoma.MethodsThe outcomes of 262 patients without myasthenia gravis who had undergone surgery for Masaoka stage I and II thymoma from January 2008 to December 2012 at our center were retrospectively evaluated. The study included 125 patients who had undergone unilateral VATS thymectomy (VATS group) and 137 patients who had undergone TS thymectomy (TS group).ResultsThe VATS group had a shorter operative time than the TS group (170 vs 210 minutes, P < .001). The VATS group also had a smaller intraoperative blood loss (200 vs 450 mL, P < .001), smaller pleural drainage volume in the first 24 hours postoperatively (300 vs 500 mL, P < .0010), shorter postoperative pleural drainage duration (3 vs 5 days, P < .001), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (8 vs 10 days, P < .001). Four patients in the VATS group underwent conversion to open surgery because of injury to the innominate vein. The postoperative complication rate was similar between the 2 groups. One patient in the VATS group developed pleural recurrence, and one in the TS group developed local recurrence.ConclusionsUnilateral VATS thymectomy for Masaoka stage I and II thymoma is technically feasible and safe and is less invasive than TS thymectomy, with a shorter duration of surgery, less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pleural drainage, shorter postoperative pleural drainage duration, and shorter postoperative hospital stay. We have concluded that it is preferable to perform VATS thymectomy, although perhaps under certain circumstances sternotomy might be preferred. The oncologic outcomes were comparable between the 2 procedures. Additional follow-up is required to evaluate the long-term outcomes