Les dynamiques socio-économiques autour de l'Aire Marine Protégée Communautaire de Bamboung (Delta du Saloum, Sénégal): entre conservation et développement territorial

La problématique des aires marines protégées au Sénégal pose la question de la conciliation des activités socio-économiques à la conservation. Depuis 2004, le processus de mise en place et de renforcement du réseau d’AMP suit son cours le long du littoral sénégalais où les communautés sont fortement dépendantes des ressources halieutiques. Pour contribuer à la réflexion sur la difficile compatibilité entre conservation et développement, cette thèse analyse les dynamiques socio-économiques en lien avec la création de l’aire marine protégée communautaire de Bamboung (AMPC), située dans la Réserve de Biosphère du delta du Saloum (Sénégal). Suite à la création de cette AMPC, nous avons choisi d’analyser la relative possibilité de concilier conservation et développement, analysée dans une approche territoriale et basée sur les stratégies des divers types d’acteurs intervenants. La démarche utilisée a reposé entre autres sur des enquêtes de terrain, effectuées entre 2010 et 2014, auprès des pêcheurs, des femmes exploitantes de mollusques et transformatrices de poissons, des acteurs du secteur touristique, des gestionnaires de l’AMPC, mais aussi des autorités locales. Les résultats obtenus ont montré des dynamiques de développement diverses liées à des facteurs endogènes et exogènes. L’AMPC crée quelque développement à travers le campement écotouristique Keur Bamboung, protège les ressources de ce territoire et a induit des changements de comportements. Le renforcement de certaines dynamiques peut contribuer à la révélation et à l’émergence des ressources territoriales de l’AMPC.The problem of the marine protected areas (MPA) in Senegal raises the question of how to balance socioeconomic dynamics and preservation. Since 2004, the network of MPA has been implemented along the Senegalese coast where communities are strongly dependent on fishery resources. The thesis debates the difficult compatibility between preservation and development, it analyzes the emergent social and economic dynamics related to the creation of the community marine protected area of Bamboung, located in the Reserve of Biosphere of the delta of Saloum (Senegal). In the context of the implementation of this MPAC, the analysis studies the relative possibility of balancing preservation and development, as taken in a territorial approach. The resultas are based on surveys, led between 2010 and 2014, with fishermen, women collecting mollusks and transforming the fish, managers of the tourist sector, administrators of the MPAC, but also the local authorities. The results show how the development processes is related to endogenous and exogenous factors. The MPAC creates some growth due to the eco-touristic lodge “Keur Bamboung”, but also to the protection of the local resources. Some pre-existing dynamics are reinforced. All of this can contribute to the revelation and to the emergence of territorial resources of the MPAC.Projet Interuniversitaire Ciblé « Méthodologies pour la gestion des Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) au Sénégal : gouvernance des pêcheries et du développement local durable

Les enjeux informationnels de la planification spatiale marine Les leçons tirées du cas des petites pêches artisanales au Sénégal

International audienceMarine Spatial Planning (MSP) implies the ability to ‘objectify’ the distribution of offshore activities on the basis of information. Geographical information is essential in this process, but its role is still little discussed. Yet, from its construction to its circulation, geo-information implies a series of choices which are far from being ‘objective’ or neutral. This presentation aims to examine the role of geo-information and associated geo-technologies in MSP in order to identify the critical points to be considered. Using an empirical approach (fieldwork, interviews, grey literature) in three fisheries-related case studies in Senegal (the St-Louis region, the Kayar MPA and the Saloum delta), the study shows a fairly wide range of informational issues related to MSP, from which we sum-up three main results.Firstly, there is a chronic lack of geographical information in general, and there is a particular need to better document both the interactions between uses (especially in regard to the growing offshore oil and gas activity) and the various scales at which these ones play. Secondly, while we need to be able to document the fishing practices and grounds, the ways of documenting them (in this case, mapping them) can be diverse. Notably fishers can themselves be part in the construction of data. Finally, the importance of being able to reconstruct the dynamics of human activities over a longer period of time, as well as the limits to taking fisheries into account solely as economic activities, appear very important. Indeed, fisheries are sometimes mainly self-subsistence activities and, whatever the form of fishing, they almost always have dimensions (identity, culture, etc.) that go beyond the framework of the market economy. It is therefore necessary to take a closer look at the way in which the diverse and complex ‘reality’ of fisheries is coded, translated and transcribed into geographical information that can be simplifying and embedded into MSP processes

Environmental History and the Concept of Agency: Improving Understanding of Local Conditions and Adaptations to Climate Change in Seven Coastal Communities

International audienceThis article provides a synthesis of the results from seven global research sites working together to study adaptation to climate change in coastal communities under the moniker ARTISTICC (www.artisticc.net). It first aims to share these research results in order to demonstrate two general themes that emerge from our analysis and can help improve our understanding of community responses to environmental change broadly speaking. These themes are the continuity of environmental change and the legacy of colonialism. The goal is to demonstrate that comparisons across research sites are possible if an appropriate transdisciplinary framework is in place and also that environmental history is required to understand the past if we are to effectively tackle present conditions. Secondly, this paper offers reflections on the concepts of agency and adaptation and how the methodological divide between historians and social scientists can be further bridged to great benefit for all concerned. By being more reflective on our own disciplinary cultures, we can co-construct knowledge about how community cultures operate. The agency of local actors is central to understanding past choices and present obstacles to successful adaptation. Indeed, we must better appreciate the goals of local actors if we are to know what success looks like to them. Adaptation, whether adjustment or transformation, is often a long-term, complex process

Geographic informational issues in MSP. Four lessons learnt from small-scale fisheries in Senegal

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Chapter 10. The information challenges of marine spatial planning

Introduction Marine spatial planning (MSP) requires the ability to “objectify” the distribution of activities at sea, which in turn requires information on multiple aspects. Geographic information is one of the central of these. However, from the construction of information to its dissemination (types, metrics, collection and processing methods, modes of representation, quality and reliability, tools and forms of dissemination, etc.), data is far from “objective” or neutral, and thus nor is t..