Instrumentation on commercial aircraft for monitoring the atmospheric composition on a global scale: the IAGOS system, technical overview of ozone and carbon monoxide measurements

This article presents the In-service Aircraft of a Global Observing System (IAGOS) developed for operations on commercial long-range Airbus aircraft (A330/A340) for monitoring the atmospheric composition. IAGOS is the continuation of the former Measurement of OZone and water vapour on Airbus In-service airCraft (MOZAIC) programme (1994–2014) with five aircraft operated by European airlines over 20 yr. MOZAIC has provided unique scientific database used worldwide by the scientific community. In continuation of MOZAIC, IAGOS aims to equip a fleet up to 20 aircraft around the world and for operations over decades. IAGOS started in July 2011 with the first instruments installed aboard a Lufthansa A340-300, and a total of six aircraft are already in operation. We present the technical aircraft system concept, with basic instruments for O3, CO, water vapour and clouds; and optional instruments for measuring either NOy, NOx, aerosols or CO2/CH4. In this article, we focus on the O3 and CO instrumentation while other measurements are or will be described in specific papers. O3 and CO are measured by optimised but well-known methods such as UV absorption and IR correlation, respectively. We describe the data processing/validation and the data quality control for O3 and CO. Using the first two overlapping years of MOZAIC/IAGOS, we conclude that IAGOS can be considered as the continuation of MOZAIC with the same data quality of O3 and CO measurements

Synthesis of nickel-filled carbon nanotubes at 350 degrees C

International audienceThe deposition of nickel/amorphous carbon (Ni/a-C) films by a hybrid plasma process combining magnetron sputtering of a Ni target and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane gas has been investigated. The formation of nickel nanowires encapsulated by a-C matrix has been demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained nanowires array can be easily dispersed or can be simply converted to a Ni-filled CNTarray by annealing at 350 C as confirmed by TEM analysis. The developed fabrication method of Ni-filled CNT array is a low temperature technique compatible with substrates of low melting point

Latest developments for the IAGOS database: Interoperability and metadata

In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS, http://www.iagos.org) aims at the provision oflong-term, frequent, regular, accurate, and spatially resolved in situ observations of the atmospheric composition.IAGOS observation systems are deployed on a fleet of commercial aircraft. The IAGOS database is an essentialpart of the global atmospheric monitoring network. Data access is handled by open access policy based on thesubmission of research requests which are reviewed by the PIs. Users can access the data through the followingweb sites: http://www.iagos.fr or http://www.pole-ether.fr as the IAGOS database is part of the French atmosphericchemistry data centre ETHER (CNES and CNRS)

Highly ordered ultralong magnetic nanowires wrapped in stacked graphene layers

International audienc

Microscopic evidences for intercalation of nickel and iron into layered oxysulfide La2O2S2

International audience2D transition metal chalcogenides have been examined as versatile platforms for exotic quantum phenomena, optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. La2O2S2, a layered oxysulfide built of [La2O2](2+) slabs and 2D arrays of [S-2](2-) dimers, was recently found to be a promising precursor to fabricate such 2D materials. Redox reactions with external zerovalent metals cleaved its S-S bonds, triggering intercalation of those metal guests. This process serves as a novel approach to construct 2D metal sulfides between rigid [La2O2](2+) slabs, but so far demonstrated only for Cu (+) cations. We herein report that the same intercalation process takes place also when Ni and Fe were used as reagents. While XRD indicated that the reactions with Ni and Fe converted La2O2S2 into the sulfur-deficient La2O2S1.5-x (0 <= x <= 0.38) phase, our TEM analyses evidenced diffusion of those metals in between [La2O2](2+) slabs at the local scale. This finding suggested the formation of 2D nickel and iron sulfides intergrown with [La2O2](2+) slabs, either as the unprecedented La-O-M-S (M = Ni, Fe) phase, or a biphasic heterostructure. In addition, our computational structure prediction also supported stability of such intergrowth [La2O2][MxS2-y] structures, encouraging future attempts to isolate those elusive 2D materials