L’accueil dans les écoles de Valence des enfants des premiers réfugiés arméniens (1923-1936)

Lancés sur les routes de l’exil, suite au génocide de 1915 perpétré par le gouvernement Jeune-Turc, les réfugiés arméniens sont à la recherche d’un territoire susceptible de les accueillir. Après un exode qui a duré plusieurs années, et qui les a conduits dans les pays de la péninsule balkanique et dans tout le Proche-Orient, certains font le choix de la France. C’est en 1922 ou 1923 (selon les sources) que les premiers réfugiés débarquent à Valence. D’autres leur emboîtent le pas les années suivantes. Ma contribution tentera de mettre en évidence la manière dont les écoles valentinoises ont accueilli les réfugiés ainsi que les parcours qu’ils y ont effectués. Je terminerai mon propos par des remarques sur l’acquisition du français par ce groupe d’étrangers. Cette présentation s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus large menée sur les parcours scolaires accomplis par les élèves étrangers en vue de leur intégration à la société locale. Jusqu’à présent, aucune recherche n’a porté sur l’étude des parcours scolaires des enfants d’origine arménienne. Leurs parcours au sein des écoles valentinoises, ainsi que ceux des élèves d’autres nationalités dépendent à la fois de l’engagement des individus et de leur famille en matière d’instruction mais également de l’action des enseignant-e-s sur le terrain scolaire.Launched on the exile roads, after the genocide of 1915 caused by the Jeune-Turc government, the Armenian refugees are in search of a territory open to welcome them. After an exodus which lasted several years and conducted them in the Balkan States and in the Near East, some of them make the choice of France. The first refugees turn up in Valence in 1922 or in 1923 (it depends on the pieces of information.). Others will follow a few years later. My contribution will tent to show how the schools of Valence welcomed the refugees as well as the school careers that they did. To conclude, I will make comments on the acquisition of the French at school by this group of refugees. This text is part of a study about the school careers of foreigners for their integration at the local society. Until now, no research was about the school careers of the Armenian refugee children. Their career in the schools of Valence depends on their commitment to their schooling, the support of their family but depend on the action of the teachers too

L’accueil dans les écoles de Valence des enfants des premiers réfugiés arméniens (1923-1936)

Lancés sur les routes de l’exil, suite au génocide de 1915 perpétré par le gouvernement Jeune-Turc, les réfugiés arméniens sont à la recherche d’un territoire susceptible de les accueillir. Après un exode qui a duré plusieurs années, et qui les a conduits dans les pays de la péninsule balkanique et dans tout le Proche-Orient, certains font le choix de la France. C’est en 1922 ou 1923 (selon les sources) que les premiers réfugiés débarquent à Valence. D’autres leur emboîtent le pas les années suivantes. Ma contribution tentera de mettre en évidence la manière dont les écoles valentinoises ont accueilli les réfugiés ainsi que les parcours qu’ils y ont effectués. Je terminerai mon propos par des remarques sur l’acquisition du français par ce groupe d’étrangers. Cette présentation s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus large menée sur les parcours scolaires accomplis par les élèves étrangers en vue de leur intégration à la société locale. Jusqu’à présent, aucune recherche n’a porté sur l’étude des parcours scolaires des enfants d’origine arménienne. Leurs parcours au sein des écoles valentinoises, ainsi que ceux des élèves d’autres nationalités dépendent à la fois de l’engagement des individus et de leur famille en matière d’instruction mais également de l’action des enseignant-e-s sur le terrain scolaire.Launched on the exile roads, after the genocide of 1915 caused by the Jeune-Turc government, the Armenian refugees are in search of a territory open to welcome them. After an exodus which lasted several years and conducted them in the Balkan States and in the Near East, some of them make the choice of France. The first refugees turn up in Valence in 1922 or in 1923 (it depends on the pieces of information.). Others will follow a few years later. My contribution will tent to show how the schools of Valence welcomed the refugees as well as the school careers that they did. To conclude, I will make comments on the acquisition of the French at school by this group of refugees. This text is part of a study about the school careers of foreigners for their integration at the local society. Until now, no research was about the school careers of the Armenian refugee children. Their career in the schools of Valence depends on their commitment to their schooling, the support of their family but depend on the action of the teachers too

Le rôle de l'environnement psychosocial de travail dans la rétention des infirmières oeuvrant dans les hôpitaux québécois de soins généraux et spécialisés

Aux prises avec une augmentation croissante des besoins de la population pour des services de santé, le Réseau québécois de santé et de services sociaux fait face à une pénurie de personnel infirmier qui s'exprime par des problèmes d'attraction et de rétention de personnel. En outre, de récentes études ont montré chez cette population des taux de détresse psychologique plus élevés que dans la population générale. La présente étude propose d'étudier le lien existant entre l'environnement psychosocial de travail et la rétention du personnel infirmier en postulant que la détresse psychologique y joue un rôle central et prépondérant. Les résultats d'analyses montrent que certains éléments de l'environnement psychosocial de travail comme la demande psychologique et la reconnaissance sont liés à la détresse psychologique. Cette dernière est liée à l'intention de quitter, mais la force du lien est supérieure pour l'intention de quitter l'unité comparativement à l'intention de quitter l'emploi ou la profession

Passive gust load alleviation through bend-twist coupling of composite beams on typical commercial airplane wings

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis. This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).The effects of bend-twist coupling on typical commercial airplane wings are evaluated. An analytical formulation of the orthotropic box beam bending stiffness matrix is derived by combining Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and classical laminated plate theory. The out-of-plane displacement due to the twist of the cross section is modeled by a bilinear warping function. The analytical model is evaluated and validated against finite element analysis and experimental results. The model can accurately predict the twist and deformation of orthotropic box beams within 15% of the benchmarking data and provides best results for beams of higher aspect ratios and with layup angles below 30 degrees. Airplane level aero-structural simulations are performed in ASWING using models of Boeing's 737 and 777. The composite wings are sized for a static load increase and a set of gusts as prescribed by the FAA. Using unbalanced laminates to generate the structural coupling leads to significant strength penalties if the loading is not parallel to the laminate's fiber directions. The optimal laminate angle for which the weight saving benefits of bend-twist coupling are maximized corresponds to the wing's principal stress direction. Beyond that angle, the wings will exhibit more coupling but the laminate strength penalties are too large to be overcomed by the benefits of bend-twist coupling. The addition of coupling to the wings leads to reductions in peak spanwise bending moments in the order of 20% to 45%. It is demonstrated that the mechanism behind this reduction involves increased wing tip twist which alleviates part of the outboard wing load. This ultimately results in weight savings in the order of 2% to 4%. The findings suggest that the benefits of bend-twist coupling are more important on heavier airplanes such as the 777 due to the effects of the cube-square law.by Sébastien Gauthier Perron.S.M

Towards impact design for public services : to assess impact is to care is to design is to assess impact… In Teixeira

Texte issu d’une conférence : RSD8 – Eighth Symposium for Relating Systems Thinking and Design, tenue à Institute of Design, Chicago, Illinois du 17-19 octobre 201

Dual origin of viscoelasticity in polymer-carbon black hydrogels: a rheometry and electrical spectroscopy study

Nanocomposites formed by mixing nanoparticles and polymers offer a limitless creative space for the design of functional advanced materials with a broad range of applications in materials and biological sciences. Here we focus on aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic colloidal soot particles, namely carbon black (CB) dispersed with a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a food additive known as cellulose gum that bears hydrophobic groups, which are liable to bind physically to CB particles. Varying the relative content of CB nanoparticles and cellulose gum allows us to explore a rich phase diagram that includes a gel phase. We investigate this hydrogel using rheometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CB-CMC hydrogels display two radically different types of mechanical behaviors that are separated by a critical CMC-to-CB mass ratio $r_c$. For $r<r_c$, i.e., for low CMC concentration, the gel is electrically conductive and shows a glassy-like viscoelastic spectrum, pointing to a microstructure composed of a percolated network of CB nanoparticles decorated by CMC. In contrast, gels with CMC concentration larger than $r_c$ are non-conductive, indicating that the CB nanoparticles are dispersed in the cellulose gum matrix as isolated clusters, and act as physical crosslinkers of the CMC network, hence providing mechanical rigidity to the composite. Moreover, in the concentration range, $r>r_c$ CB-CMC gels display a power-law viscoelastic spectrum that depends strongly on the CMC concentration. These relaxation spectra can be rescaled onto a master curve that exhibits a power-law scaling in the high-frequency limit, with an exponent that follows Zimm theory, showing that CMC plays a key role in the gel viscoelastic properties for $r>r_c$. Our results offer a characterization of CB-CMC dispersions that will be useful for designing nanocomposites based on hydrophobic interactions.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, and 6 supplemental figure

Overview of coupling effects on interaction forces in micro-nano-world.

International audienceThe release of object during robotic micromanipulation operations stays a challenge. The adhesion forces have to be known to improve micromanipulation tasks. Adhesion models build from macrophysics (continuum mechanics) or from nanophysics (atomic scale interactions) do not fit well experiments on the microscale. This is due to some phenomenon which are specific to the microphysics. Some of them are developed in this article. First, it is shown that the charges distributions observed on the microscale would have negligible effects on the nanoscale but disturbs significantly micromanipulation. Secondly, the impact of both chemical functionalisation and physical structuration of the surfaces on microscale are presented. Third, during the contact between two objects, the van der Waals forces induces significant local deformations on the microscale contrary to nanosclae where the deformation is negligible. This article shows some typical differences between microscale and nanoscale

Effect of 3D printed foot orthoses stiffness and design on foot kinematics and plantar pressures in healthy people

Background Foot orthoses (FOs) have been widely prescribed to alter various lower limb disorders. FOs’ geometrical design and material properties have been shown to influence their impact on foot biomechanics. New technologies such as 3D printing provide the potential to produce custom shapes and add functionalities to FOs by adding extra-components. Research question The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 3D printed FOs stiffness and newly design postings on foot kinematics and plantar pressures in healthy people. Methods Two pairs of ¾ length prefabricated 3D printed FOs were administered to 15 healthy participants with normal foot posture. FOs were of different stiffness and were designed so that extra-components, innovative flat postings, could be inserted at the rearfoot. In-shoe multi-segment foot kinematics as well as plantar pressures were recorded while participants walked on a treadmill. One-way ANOVAs using statistical non-parametric mapping were performed to estimate the effect of FOs stiffness and then the addition of postings during the stance phase of walking. Results Increasing FOs stiffness altered frontal and transverse plane foot kinematics, especially by further reducing rearfoot eversion and increasing the rearfoot abduction. Postings had notable effect on rearfoot frontal plane kinematics, by enhancing FOs effect. Looking at plantar pressures, wearing FOs was associated with a shift of the loads from the rearfoot to the midfoot region. Higher peak pressures under the rearfoot and midfoot (up to +31.7 %) were also observed when increasing the stiffness of the FOs. Significance 3D printing techniques offer a wide range of possibilities in terms of material properties and design, providing clinicians the opportunity to administer FOs that could be modulated according to pathologies as well as during the treatment by adding extra-components. Further studies including people presenting musculoskeletal disorders are required