Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 ameliorates metabolic and immunological dysfunction in mice with high-fat-diet induced obesity

Background: Associations have been made between obesity and reduced intestinal numbers of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, but there is no direct evidence of the role these bacteria play in obesity. Herein, the effects of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 on obesity-related metabolic and immune alterations have been evaluated. Methods and Findings: Adult (6–8 week) male wild-type C57BL-6 mice were fed a standard diet or a high-fat-diet HFD to induce obesity, supplemented or not with B. uniformis CECT 7771 for seven weeks. Animal weight was monitored and histologic, biochemical, immunocompetent cell functions, and features of the faecal microbiota were analysed after intervention. The oral administration of B. uniformis CECT 7771 reduced body weight gain, liver steatosis and liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and increased small adipocyte numbers in HFD-fed mice. The strain also reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and leptin levels, and improved oral tolerance to glucose in HFD fed mice. The bacterial strain also reduced dietary fat absorption, as indicated by the reduced number of fat micelles detected in enterocytes. Moreover, B. uniformis CECT 7771 improved immune defence mechanisms, impaired in obesity. HFD-induced obesity led to a decrease in TNF-a production by peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS, conversely, the administration of B. uniformis CECT 7771 increased TNF-a production and phagocytosis. Administering this strain also increased TNF-a production by dendritic cells (DCs) in response to LPS stimulation, which was significantly reduced by HFD. B. uniformis CECT 7771 also restored the capacity of DCs to induce a T-cell proliferation response, which was impaired in obese mice. HFD induced marked changes in gut microbiota composition, which were partially restored by the intervention. Conclusions: Altogether, the findings indicate that administration of B. uniformis CECT 7771 ameliorates HFD-induced metabolic and immune dysfunction associated with intestinal dysbiosis in obese mice.Fil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Santacruz, Arlette. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos; EspañaFil: Moya, Angela. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos; EspañaFil: Sanz, Yolanda. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos; Españ

Modulation of intestinal microbiota and immunometabolic parameters by caloric restriction and lactic acid bacteria

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a caloric restriction diet with and without the administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and Lactococcus lactis CRL1434, on immunemetabolic parameters and the composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. The supplementation of the caloric restriction diet with L. fermentum CRL1446 showed a bifidogenic effect and was able to maintain the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus over time. On the other hand, this strain showed hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic properties as well as inducing a decrease in plasma leptin levels. L. casei CRL431 administration increased the abundance of the Lactobacillus genera in the intestinal microbiota, which would improve the absorption of nutrients from the diet. This strain restores glucose values decreased by the diet in addition to inducing an increase in leptin and cytokines. Lac. lactis CRL1434 showed greater immunomodulatory capacity, without significantly affecting the composition of the intestinal microbiota. It had hypoglycemic properties and induced a decrease in leptin concentrations. L. fermentum CRL1446 and Lac. lactis CRL1434 could be potentially probiotic strains useful to correct the immuno-metabolic alterations associated with obesity, while L. casei CRL431 is a more suitable strain to be used in cases of malnutrition where it is sought to improve the absorption of nutrients and protection against infections, in addition to the stimulation of the immune system.Fil: Fabersani Marrades, Mario Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Matias Irineo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Márquez, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Abeijon Mukdsi, Maria Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Fermented Milks from Small Ruminant: Effect on Metabolism and Immune Status of Mice Fed Mild Caloric Restricted Diet

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of Fermented Goat´S Milks (FGMs) in mice fed mild caloric restricted diet. The ability of these FGMs to ameliorate immune and metabolic parameters related to mild caloric restriction was studied. We also analyzed if the time (45 or 90 days) of caloric restriction have influence on leptin secretion, IgA+ cells number and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, and also test the correlation between these parameters. Mice were fed with a mild caloric restricted diet during 45 or 90 days. After these periods of caloric restriction, mice were refed with balanced conventional diet (BCD) plus goat´s milks or BCD plus goat´s milks fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1425 (FGM-Lr) or Lactobacillus casei CRL431 (FGM-Lc). All renutrition diets induced an increase of serum glucose, triglycerides, total proteins and leucocytes cells. A decrease in cholesterol levels was observed after the diets. FGM-Lr induced lower triglycerides values than others diets. All FGMs restore IgA+ cells in intestinal mucosa, and the FGM-Lc group had higher positive cells number than the ad libitum control. Furthermore, phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages only increased in mice fed with FGM-Lc. Mild caloric restriction induced a decrease on leptin circulating values at 90 days. The renutrition with FGM-Lr lead to lower leptin levels than mild caloric restriction controls, while FGM-Lc induced higher leptin levels. Positive correlation between serum leptin concentration and immune parameters was observed in all groups under study. We showed that leptin levels could positively predict the immune mucosal competence in mild caloric restricted mice. These results suggest that the FGMs are able to modulate, in different way, serum leptin levels, IgA+ cells number and phagocytic activity. Furthermore, FGM-Lc could be more effective for nutritional treatment in malnutrition status.Fil: Fabersani Marrades, Mario Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); ArgentinaFil: Torres, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto de Quimica del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Valdez, C.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Silvia Nelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentin

Draft genome sequence of the feruloyl esterase-producing strain lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, a probiotic for malnutrition

We report here the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 (2,148,781 bp, 51.4% G+C content). This strain exhibits feruloyl esterase activity and important technological and probiotic properties. Because of its proven beneficial effects in vivo, it represents an interesting candidate for the development of functional foods or pharmabiotics for malnutrition.Fil: Abeijon Mukdsi, Maria Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Saavedra, Maria Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentin

Determination of triglycerides in Caenorhabditis elegans fed lactobacilli

Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans is regarded as a simple model to assess the in vivo effects of probiotics, especially concerning the study of fat metabolism due to its ability to store lipids in intestinal and skin-like hypodermal cells. The main constituents in fat droplets stored in this nematode are triglycerides (TG). The objective of this work was to evaluate TG levels in C. elegans feeding with lactobacilli alone or combined in different proportions. The strains used in this study are listed as follow: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1425, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1427, CRL1428, CRL1449, CRL1472, Lacticaseibacillus casei CRL1430, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 y Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL1447. The strains to the different mix were selected based on previous studied functional properties and were combined as follows: mixture 1 (Mix 1) was formed by CRL1446, CRL1449, and CRL1472; Mixture 2 (Mix 2) by CRL1446 and CRL1449, Mixture 3 (Mix 3) by CRL1446 and CRL1472, and Mixture 4 (Mix 4) by CRL1449 and CRL1472. Nematodes synchronized were fed Escherichia (E.) coli OP50 (controls nematodes) and OP50:Lactobacilli in a ratio of 0:100; 25:75; and 50:50 (nematodes treated) at 18 °C until they reached the L4/adult stage. Then, a 5% solution of Triton X-100 was added and sonicated. The lipids were solubilized at 90 ° C for 5 min, and the lysate was removed by centrifugation. TG was determined in the supernatant by enzymatic methods. At least 3 biological replicas were used for each or mixtures of strains. The results showed that the nematode development was slower in the 0: 100 OP50:Lactobacilli ratio, while the 50:50 OP50:Lactobacilli ratio was similar to the control. In a 25:75 ratio, all strains, except CRL1427 and CRL1428, showed a significant reduction in TG levels. The CRL1425, CRL1446, and CRL1447 strains hat the highest percentage of TG reduction (75, 70, and 75%, respectively). When the nematodes were fed with Mix 1, Mix2 and Mix3 presented a significantly lower TG content than the control, with a reduction percentage of 56, 49, 42%, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed between these mixes. Mix 4 did not induce any change compared with nematode control. In conclusion, C. elegans can be used as a screening method for strains with the ability to reduce TG content, which reports an anti-obesity effect of these strains.Fil: Márquez, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Argañaraz, Federico José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Andrada, Lidia Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Grau, Roberto Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaLVII Annual Meeting of the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research; XVI Annual Meeting of the Argentinean Society for General MicrobiologyMendozaArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Investigación en Bioquímica y Biología MolecularSociedad Argentina de Microbiología Genera

Specific Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria Differentially Modulate the Profile of Adipokines In Vitro

Obesity induces local/systemic inflammation accompanied by increases in macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and hormones. Previous studies have shown that probiotics could improve the intestinal dysbiosis induced by metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Microorganisms could (directly or indirectly) affect adipokine levels due to their capacity to induce translocation of several intestinal microbial antigens into systemic circulation, which could lead to metabolic endotoxemia or produce immunomodulation in different organs. The aim of the present study was to select non-inflammatory lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with the capacity to modulate adipokine secretion by the adipose tissue. We wish to elucidate the role of potential probiotic strains in the regulation of the cross talking between immune cells such as macrophages and adipose cells. Mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used for evaluating the ability of 14 LAB strains to induce cytokine production. The LAB strains were chosen based on their previously studied beneficial properties in health. Then, in murine adipocyte culture and macrophage-adipocyte coculture, we determined the ability of these strains to induce cytokines and leptin secretion. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and leptin levels were measured in cell supernatants. We also performed the detection and quantification of leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) expression in macrophage cell lines stimulated by these LAB strains. Differential secretion profile of cytokines in macrophage cells induced by LAB strains was observed. Also, the levels of Ob-Rb expression diverged among different LAB strains. In LAB-stimulated coculture cells (adipocytes and macrophages), we observed differential production of leptin and cytokines. Furthermore, we detected lower production levels in single culture than cocultured cells. The principal component analysis showed an association between the four clusters of strains established according to their inflammatory profiles and leptin adipocyte production and leptin receptor expression in macrophages. We conclude that coculture is the most appropriate system for selecting strains with the ability to modulate adipokine secretion. The use of microorganisms with low and medium inflammatory properties and ability to modulate leptin levels could be a strategy for the treatment of some metabolic diseases associated with dysregulation of immune response.Fil: Fabersani Marrades, Mario Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Abeijon Mukdsi, Maria Claudia. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Ross, Gloria Romina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: González, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin-Cano, Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentin

Oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 improves biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with wheat bran

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) fermentum CRL1446, with feruloyl esterase (FE) activity, on metabolic biomarkers and intestinal microbiota of mice with high fat diet-induced Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and supplemented with wheat bran as a source ofesterified ferulic acid. Six-week-old male Swiss albino mice developed the components of MS when fed with high fat diet supplemented with wheat bran (HFD + WB) for 14 weeks. Positive impact of L. fermentum CRL1446 administration on these animals was reflected in a decrease in body weight gain and adiposity index compared to the animals that did not receive the probiotic strain. In addition, a decrease in plasma leptin levels, improvement of inflammatory profile, reduction of fatty infiltration in hepatocytes and modification of lipid profile (increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased LDL-cholesteroland triglyceride levels) were observed. On the other hand, L. fermentum CRL1446 reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, improving the HOMA index in mice with MS. Postprandial glucose levels were also reduced in the oral glucose tolerance test. Consumption of L. fermentum CRL1446 with HFD + WB (HFD + WB-Lf mice group) had a great impact on host metabolism, modulating intestinal microbiota, with an increase in Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes abundance being observed. Increased intestinal FE activity, improved oxidative status and increased abundance of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid andbutyric acid concentration in colonic content, were also demonstrated in HFD + WB-Lf mice. Results obtained suggest that supplementation with L. fermentum CRL1446 enhances beneficial effects of a bran diet, attenuating the risk factors associated with MS.Fil: Russo, Matias Irineo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Márquez, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Héctor Matías. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Abeijon Mukdsi, Maria Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Saavedra, Maria Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

Propiedades probióticas y tecnológicas de bacterias lácticas aisladas de productos lácteos caprinos

Las bacterias lácticas (BL) constituyen un grupo de microorganismos que están presentes en diferentes nichos (vegetales, leche, intestino humano y animal). Se caracterizan por presentar diferentes propiedades beneficiosas las cuales las potencian para ser utilizadas en alimentos funcionales o como probióticos. Para emplear una BL como probiótico, esta debe cumplir con diferentes criterios preestablecidos, como ser su origen e identificación, presentar propiedades benéficas {in vitro}, en animales experimentales, resistencia a tracto gastrointestinal (TGI), ser seguras y resistentes a procesos tecnológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar propiedades probióticas {in vitro} e {in vivo} y velocidad de acidificación de BL, con la finalidad de desarrollar una leche fermentada funcional. Se evaluaron 10 cepas de BL aisladas de productos lácteos caprinos identificadas fenotípica y genotipicamente ({Lactobacillus} ({L.}) {johnsonii} CRL1231, {L. rhamnosus} CRL1425, {L. plantarum} CRL1427, {L. plantarum} CRL1428, {L. casei} CRL1430, {Lactococcus lactis} CRL1434, {L. fermentum} CRL1446, {L. delbrueckii} subsp. bulgaricus CRL1447, {L. plantarum} CRL1449 y {L. plantarum} CRL1472). Las propiedades benéficas {in vitro} determinadas fueron: capacidad de adhesión y de autoagregación, inhibición de actividad α glucosidasa (α-glu), asimilación de colesterol, actividad feruloil esterasa (FE) y de hidrolasas de sales biliares (HSB). Las pruebas de seguridad evaluadas fueron ensayo de translocación bacteriana e inhibición de patógenos. Se determinaron propiedades tecnológicas: resistencia a condiciones del TGI simuladas, tiempo de coagulación de la leche y compatibilidad entre las cepas. Los resultados mostraron que CRL1447 fue la única que presentó una elevada velocidad de acidificación de la leche (tiempo de coagulación menor a 8 h). Todas las cepas presentaron bajo porcentaje de hidrofobicidad y auto-agregación y fueron compatibles entre ellas. La mayoría de las cepas resistieron las condiciones simuladas del TGI con excepción de las cepas CRL1434 y CRL1447. Las cepas que exhibieron mejores propiedades funcionales fueron: CRL1231 (alta actividad FE y inhibición del 80% de la actividad α-glu), CRL1427 (actividad de HSB, asimilación del 50% de colesterol e inhibición del 70% de la actividad α-glu), CRL1446 (actividad HSB y FE e inhibición del 95% de la actividad α-glu) y CRL1449 (actividad HSB y asimilación del 60% de colesterol). Estas cuatro cepas no mostraron translocación bacteriana en ratones y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos evaluados fue diferente para cada cepa estudiada. En conclusión, la cepa CRL1447 puede ser empleada como un cultivo iniciador de productos lácteos. Dado que las propiedades beneficiosas son dependientes de la cepa, proponemos la administración de un consorcio probiótico (conjunto de cepas probióticas) a fin de lograr en el huésped efectos positivos a diferentes niveles (metabolismo lipídico y glucémico).Fil: Márquez, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Bolondi, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Rizo, Maria Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaV Congreso Argentino de Microbiología de AlimentosCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentinaAsociación Argentina de Microbiologí

Impact of a probiotic fermented milk in the gut ecosystem and in the systemic immunity using a non-severe protein-energy-malnutrition model in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malnutrition affects the immune response, causing a decrease of defence mechanisms and making the host more susceptible to infections. Probiotics can reconstitute the intestinal mucosa and stimulate local and systemic immunity. The aim of this work was evaluate the effects of a probiotic fermented milk as a complement of a re-nutrition diet, on the recovery of the intestinal barrier, and mucosal and systemic immune functions in a murine model of non-severe protein-energy-malnutrition. Its potential protection against <it>Salmonella enterica </it>serovar Typhimurium (<it>S</it>. Typhimurium) infection was also analyzed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mice were undernourished and divided into 3 groups according to the dietary supplement received during re-nutrition (milk, probiotic fermented milk or its bacterial free supernatant) and compared to well-nourished and malnourished mice. They were sacrificed previous to the re-nutrition and 5 days post re-nutrition. The phagocytic activity of macrophages from spleen and peritoneum and the changes in the intestinal histology and microbiota were evaluated. Different immune cell populations and cytokine productions were analyzed in the small intestine tissues. The effect of the re-nutrition supplements on the systemic immunity using OVA antigen and against an infection with <it>S. </it>Typhimurium was also studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Probiotic fermented milk was the most effective re-nutrition diet that improved the intestinal microbiota. Its administration also increased the number of IgA+ cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. The production of different cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) by these cells and the phagocytic activity in peritoneum and spleen was also increased. This re-nutrition diet also stimulated the systemic immune response against OVA antigen which was diminished after the malnutrition period and also improved the host response against <it>S. </it>Typhimurium, decreasing the spread of pathogenic bacteria to the liver and the spleen. The importance of the metabolites released during milk fermentation was also demonstrated through the analysis of the bacterial free supernatant obtained from the probiotic fermented milk, but the whole product showed the best effects in the parameters evaluated in this study.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The administration of probiotic fermented milk as a dietary supplement during the re-nutrition process in a murine immunodeficiency model by malnutrition could be a good adjuvant diet to improve the gut and systemic immune response for the protection against <it>Salmonella </it>infection.</p