412 research outputs found
La escritura. Modo de empleo.
Este texto tomará la forma de un balance. Trataremos en él los «Diez Mandamientos del Profesor de Escritura». Más exactamente, abordaremos los grandes principios que deben guiar a aquéllos que enseñan la producción escrita, teniendo en cuenta los progresos de la investigación en este ámbito.Ihis article is a kind of assessment. We will deal with the «Ten commandments of the writing teacher». More specifically, we will speak about the great principies that should guide people who have to teach writing. These principIes are inspired by the last progress in this domain
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Soil water pressure and Verticillium dahliae interactions on potato
A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 1991 and in
1992 to determine the effect of soil water pressure on
potato (cv Russet Burbank) plant growth and infection by
Verticillium dahliae. Soil water pressures of -0.01,
-0.03, -0.08, or -0.15 MPa were combined factorially with
two inoculum concentrations, 0 or 10 and 0 or 25 colony
forming units per gram of soil in 1991 and 1992,
respectively. Plants were sampled destructively over a 4
wk period. Dry weight of foliage, fresh weight of below
ground plant material, root length, and root and vascular
colonization by V. dahliae were determined. In weeks 3 and
4, change in foliar dry weight in response to the level of
one independent variable depended on the level of the
other. This interaction between soil water pressure and
inoculum density was such that foliar dry weight was
reduced in infested compared to noninfested soil at -0.01
MPa but not at other soil water pressures. There were no
significant main effect interactions on below ground fresh
weight or on root length. There was, however, a main
effect of soil water pressure on root length in which
length decreased as soil water pressure increased. In both
years, colony density in roots (cfu/cm or cfu/g) was
reduced at -0.01 MPa compared to lower soil water
pressures. Colonization of vascular tissue (cfu/ml stem
sap) was significantly reduced at -0.01 MPa compared to
lower soil water pressures. Although V. dahliae and soil
water pressure at -0.01 MPa interactively reduced foliar
growth of plants, there were no corresponding significant
increases in population densities of the pathogen in roots
or stems
Economic evaluations of interventions to optimize medication use in older adults with polypharmacy and multimorbidity: A systematic review
Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the economic impact of interventions intended at optimizing medication use in older adults with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Methods: We searched Ovid-Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Ageline, Cochrane, and Web of Science, for articles published between 2004 and 2020 that studied older adults with multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention studied had to be aimed at optimizing medication use and present results on costs. Results: Out of 3,871 studies identified by the search strategy, eleven studies were included. The interventions involved different provider types, with a majority described as a multidisciplinary team involving a pharmacist and a general practitioner, in the decision-making process. Interventions were generally associated with a reduction in medication expenditure. The benefits of the intervention in terms of clinical outcomes remain limited. Five studies were cost-benefit analyses, which had a net benefit that was either null or positive. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios that were generally within the willingness-to-pay thresholds of the countries in which the studies were conducted. However, the quality of the studies was generally low. Omission of key cost elements of economic evaluations, including intervention cost and payer perspective, limited interpretability. Conclusion: Interventions to optimize medication use may provide benefits that outweigh their implementation costs, but the evidence remains limited. There is a need to identify and address barriers to the scaling-up of such interventions, starting with the current incentive structures for pharmacists, physicians, and patients
N-Phenyl-N’-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEUs) as potential antineoplastic agents. part 3 : role of carbonyl group
n the course of the development of N-phenyl-N′-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEUs) as potential antineoplastic agents, we investigated the effect of carbonylated substituting chains of the aromatic ring of CEU on their covalent binding to the colchicine-binding site (C-BS). In this study, we found that CEU, 5e, 5f, 8e, and 8f substituted by either a methyl ester or a methyl ketyl group at the ω-position exhibited a significant antiproliferative activity on HT-29, M21, and MCF-7 tumor cells. SDS–PAGE assays and cell cycle analysis confirmed that 5e, 5f, 8e, and 8f covalently bind to the C-BS and arrest the cell division in G2/M phase. Surprisingly, the presence of ω-carboxyl, ω-ethyl esters or ω-amides decreased significantly both the antiproliferative activity and the specificity toward β-tubulin
The Character as subjective interface
This paper re-frames virtual interactive characters as " subjective interfaces " with the purpose of highlighting original affordances for interactive story-telling through conversation. This notion is theoretically unpacked in the perspectives of narratology, interaction design and game design. Existing and imagined scenarios are presented in which subjective interfaces are elevated as core interaction mechanics. Finally, technical challenges posed by this approach are reviewed alongside relevant existing research leads.Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Société et Cultur
Pitchfork and Hopf bifurcation thresholds in stochastic equations with delayed feedback
The bifurcation diagram of a model stochastic differential equation with
delayed feedback is presented. We are motivated by recent research on
stochastic effects in models of transcriptional gene regulation. We start from
the normal form for a pitchfork bifurcation, and add multiplicative or
parametric noise and linear delayed feedback. The latter is sufficient to
originate a Hopf bifurcation in that region of parameters in which there is a
sufficiently strong negative feedback. We find a sharp bifurcation in parameter
space, and define the threshold as the point in which the stationary
distribution function p(x) changes from a delta function at the trivial state
x=0 to p(x) ~ x^alpha at small x (with alpha = -1 exactly at threshold). We
find that the bifurcation threshold is shifted by fluctuations relative to the
deterministic limit by an amount that scales linearly with the noise intensity.
Analytic calculations of the bifurcation threshold are also presented in the
limit of small delay tau -> 0 that compare quite favorably with the numerical
solutions even for tau = 1
Predominance of Ehrlichia ewingii in Missouri dogs
To investigate the species distribution of Ehrlichia present in Missouri dogs, we tested 78 dogs suspected of having acute ehrlichiosis and 10 healthy dogs. Blood from each dog was screened with a broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR assay that detects known pathogenic species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. The species was determined by using species-specific PCR assays and nucleotide sequencing. Ehrlichia antibody testing was performed by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay with Ehrlichia chaffeensis as the antigenic substrate. The broad-range assay detected Ehrlichia or Anaplasma DNA in 20 (26%) of the symptomatic dogs and 2 (20%) of the asymptomatic dogs. E. ewingii accounted for 20 (91%), and E. chaffeensis accounted for 1 (5%) of the positives. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in one dog, and the sequences of regions of the 16S rRNA gene and the groESL operon amplified from the blood of this dog matched the published sequences of this organism. Antibodies reactive with E. chaffeensis were detected in 14 (67%) of the 21 PCR-positive dogs and in 12 (19%) of the 64 PCR-negative dogs. Combining the results of PCR and serology indicated that 33 (39%) of 85 evaluable dogs had evidence of past or current Ehrlichia infection. We conclude that E. ewingii is the predominant etiologic agent of canine ehrlichiosis in the areas of Missouri included in this survey. E. canis, a widely recognized agent of canine ehrlichiosis, was not detected in any animal. The finding of E. ewingii in asymptomatic dogs suggests that dogs could be a reservoir for this Ehrlichia species
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of \u3ci\u3eBluetongue virus\u3c/i\u3e serotype 2 strains isolated in the Americas including a novel strain from the western United States
Bluetongue is a potentially fatal arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is characterized by widespread edema and tissue necrosis. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 occur throughout much of the United States, whereas serotype 2 (BTV-2) was previously only detected in the southeastern United States. Since 1998, 10 other BTV serotypes have also been isolated from ruminants in the southeastern United States. In 2010, BTV-2 was identified in California for the first time, and preliminary sequence analysis indicated that the virus isolate was closely related to BTV strains circulating in the southeastern United States. In the current study, the whole genome sequence of the California strain of BTV-2 was compared with those of other BTV-2 strains in the Americas. The results of the analysis suggest co-circulation of genetically distinct viruses in the southeastern United States, and further suggest that the 2010 western isolate is closely related to southeastern strains of BTV. Although it remains uncertain as to how this novel virus was translocated to California, the findings of the current study underscore the need for ongoing surveillance of this economically important livestock disease
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