Entre vulnérabilité animale et vulnérabilité humaine : Le paradoxe du développement.

International audienceLe développement n'est majoritairement pensé, aujourd'hui, qu'en termes de développement humain. Un tel biais méthodologique a un impact fort, sur les autres animaux comme sur les humains, que ce soit en situation d'excès de développement ou en situation de déficit de développement. Cette intervention se propose d'abord d'examiner des contextes différents afin de cerner ce que les différents états du développement humains font aux autres animaux dans différentes régions du monde, avant de revenir sur les raisons de condamner l'exclusion des autres animaux et du vivant en général dans les programmes de développement

Tumors escape immunosurveillance by overexpressing the proteasome activator PSME3

The success of CD8+ T cell-based cancer immunotherapy emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of generation of MHC-I peptide ligands and the possible pathways of tumor cell escape from immunosurveillance. Recently, we showed that peptides generated in the nucleus during a pioneer round of mRNA translation (pioneer translation products, or PTPs) are an important source of tumor specific peptides which correlates with the aberrant splicing and transcription events associated with oncogenesis. Here we show that up-regulation of PSME3 proteasome activator in cancer cells results in increased destruction of PTP-derived peptides in the nucleus thus enabling cancer cell to subvert immunosurveillance. These findings unveil a previously unexpected role for PSME3 in antigen processing and identify PSME3 as a druggable target to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy

N-[2-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-3-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound, C16H14ClN3O2S, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the 1,3-thia­zolidine rings, the carbonyl O atoms, the S atoms, the methyl groups and the ring carbon attached to the methyl groups are disordered with occupancy ratios of 0.509 (7):0.491 (7) in one mol­ecule and 0.464 (14):0.536 (14) in the other. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯N, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions. In addition, there is a π–π stacking inter­action [centroid–centroid distance = 3.794 (3) Å] between the benzene and pyridine rings

Fostering relations: first sex and marital timings for children raised by kin and non-kin carers

Kinship fostering is generally preferred to non-kin fostering by policy makers in the U.S. and elsewhere. Researchers and policy makers alike tend to provide several proximate reasons for why this may be, generally neglecting an ultimate evolutionary framework. However, kin selection theory predicts that in the absence of genetically related parents, care from kin will result in the most similar life history outcomes. In low-fertility settings, parents typically favour increased investment in embodied capital and thus delayed reproductive life history strategy. Using archival data from the original Kinsey survey, collected in the U.S. from 1938 to 1963, we used survival analyses to compare the effects of living with kin and non-kin fosterers in childhood on timings of first sex and marriage. Our results support a kin selection hypothesis showing that while fostered children have accelerated life histories compared to children from "intact families", kin fosterers buffer children from early sexual and reproductive behaviors, compared to children cared for by non-kin. © 2014 The Authors

Factors associated with early menarche: results from the French Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Puberty is a transition period making physiological development a challenge adolescents have to face. Early pubertal development could be associated with higher risks of poor health. Our objective was to examine risk behaviours, physical and psychological determinants associated with early menarche (<11 years).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Early menarche was assessed in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children French cross-sectional survey. Data were collected in 2006 by anonymous self-reported standardized questionnaire from a nationally representative sample of 1072 15 years old girls in school classrooms. Family environment, school experience, physical and psychological factors, risk behaviours (substance use and sexual initiation) were recorded. Logistic regression models were applied (analysing for crude and adjusted relationships between early menarche and risk behaviours controlled for family context).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Median age at menarche was 13.0 years; 57 girls (5.3%) were early-matured. Controlled for familial environment, early menarche was associated with having had more than two life-drunkenness episodes (adjusted OR = 2.5 [1.3-4.6]), early sexual initiation (adjusted OR = 2.8 [1.3-6.0]) and overweight (adjusted OR = 7.3 [3.6-14.9]).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Early-maturing girls may affiliate with older adolescents, hence engage in risk behaviours linked to their appearance rather than their maturity level. Factors associated with early menarche highlight the need to focus attention on early-matured girls to prevent further health problems linked to risk behaviours.</p

Prevalence of emergency contraceptive pill use among Spanish adolescent girls and their family and psychological profiles

The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background:Adolescent girls’ family context and psychological characteristics play important roles in their sexual behavior, including the use of the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP). This study aims to (1) determine the prevalence of ECP use among girls who have had sexual intercourse and (2) comparatively analyze their family and psychological profiles according to whether they have used ECPs. Methods:The sample of 1735 Spanish girls aged 15 to 18 came from a representative sample of the 2014 edition of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Of this sample, 398 girls had sexual intercourse and reported their ECP use. Data collection for the HBSC study was performed through an online questionnaire to which adolescents responded anonymously in school. Data analyses were descriptive and bivariate and were performed with the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics 23.Results:The results demonstrated that 30.65% of girls who had sexual intercourse used ECPs. Noticeable differences in paternal knowledge and communication with the father were observed between girls who used the ECP at least once and those who did not use it. In contrast, differences between girls who used the ECP once and those who used it twice or more were pronounced with regard to parental knowledge, communication with parents, maternal affection,life satisfaction, sense of coherence and depression. Conclusions:This work demonstrates a high prevalence of ECP use and a more positive family and psychological profile for girls who used ECP once compared with those who used it twice or more.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Les problèmes éthiques et politique de la chasse de subsistance.

Le véganisme comme conséquence de l'antispécisme est particulièrement bien théorisé en occident, que ce soit de la part de militant.e.s, d'associations, de journalistes ou de chercheurs/cheuses. Or, c'est parce qu'il est facile et accessible dans nos sociétés qu'il peut se promouvoir aussi bien.Pour autant, beaucoup de théories disons « académiques » du droit des animaux, ainsi que beaucoup d’œuvres pratiques sur le sujet, semblent s'inscrire dans le cadre d'un « monde végane », d'un antispécisme comme justice globale, mondiale.Se pose alors le problème de la chasse de subsistance, aggravé par des réalités économiques ou environnementales, au sein duquel on perçoit un conflit d'intérêts, un conflit de droit : le droit à vivre des humains, acté juridiquement, et le droit à vivre des animaux, prôné par différents animalistes, se heurtent. Que faire ici, lorsque la solution idéale n'existe pas ? Qu'est-ce que le véganisme doit faire pour se globaliser vraiment ?Différentes pistes et propositions seront abordées, dans le cadre de ma thèse sous la direction de Corine Pelluchon) en philosophie pratique sur la viande de brousse en Afrique et ses enjeux

Des ressources rawlsiennes critiques pour penser les droits des animaux ?: Une critique de l'heuristique rawlsienne de la position originelle via la généralisation du principe de différence aux animaux, un retour sur les insuffisances reganiennes eu égard à la chasse vivrière, et un nécessaire raffinage des concepts.

Texte de la présentation effectuée lors du 3ème séminaire dit "Matinée des DUPE" (Doctorants de Paris-Est Université), dont le thème était "Apports croisés sur la justice", 06 juin 2018.Une critique de l'heuristique rawlsienne de la position originelle via la généralisation du principe de différence aux animaux, un retour sur les insuffisances reganiennes eu égard à la chasse vivrière, et un nécessaire raffinage des concepts.Texte de la présentation effectuée lors du 3ème séminaire dit "Matinée des DUPE" (Doctorants de Paris-Est Université), dont le thème était "Apports croisés sur la justice", 06 juin 2018