Identity ambivalences of the Eurasian Macanese : historical dynamics, political regimes and food practices

This article focuses on the phenomenological experience of identity ambivalence arising from the Eurasian Macanese community through their phenomenological experience of identity ambivalence. Our thematic framework includes the structural impact of colonial and post colonial political regimes in Macao, historical influences on contemporary identity and sociocultural expressions of creolisation. It is argued that the Macanese people illustrate the memory of the ambivalent encounter between the two extremities of the Eurasia (China and Portugal) which started in the 16th-c. and never ceased moving forces to the present day. Furthermore, in the context of fieldwork with the Macanese community in Portugal, an ethnographic approach helps reveal the ambivalent dynamics of similarities and differentiation with respect to food practices and commensality as expressed over dinner by a group of close friends in Lisbon.Cet article présente une étude de cas des macanais euro-asiatiques – ethniquement et culturellement métissés – du point de vue de l’expérience phénoménologique résul- tant de leur identité ambivalente. Les questions traitées ici englobent les forces struc- turelles des régimes politiques coloniaux et post-coloniaux à Macao, les influences historiques sur les identités contemporaines et les expressions socioculturelles de la créolisation. On fait valoir que les macanais représentent la mémoire d’une rencontre ambivalente entre les deux extrémités de l’Eurasie (Chine et Portugal) qui depuis le XVIe s. jusqu’à nos jours n’ont jamais cessé de mesurer leurs forces. Dans le cadre d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès de la communauté macanaise au Portugal, l’approche ethnographique a aussi permis de révéler les dynamiques ambivalentes de similarité et de différence en matière de commensalité et de pratiques alimentaires exprimées par un groupe d’amis proches lors d’un dîner à Lisbonne.Este artigo analisa o estudo de caso dos macaenses euro-asiáticos – indivíduos étnica e culturalmente mestiços – do ponto de vista da experiência fenomenológica resultante da sua identidade ambivalente. As temáticas aqui exploradas abrangem as forças estruturais dos regimes políticos coloniais e pós-coloniais em Macau, as influências históricas sobre as identidades contemporâneas e as expressões socioculturais da crioulização desenvolvidas. É argumentado que os macaenses representam a memória de um encontro ambivalente entre os dois extremos da Eurásia, um processo com início no século XVI e que nunca parou de medir forças até aos dias de hoje. Adotou-se ainda uma perspetiva etnográfica para abordar o conjunto de dinâmicas ambivalentes de semelhança e diferença em relação às práticas alimentares e de comensalidade, expressas por um grupo de amigos íntimos no decorrer de um jantar em Lisboa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Património à mesa dos macaenses em Portugal

Os eventos do Partido dos Comes e Bebes (PCB) reúnem várias dezenas de macaenses em Lisboa para celebrarem um calendário de eventos que, à semelhança do que acontecia em Macau, marcam também as suas vidas em Portugal. Neste enquadramento, o PCB e as suas festas constituem uma forma de integração, funcionamento e manutenção da comunidade macaense no país de acolhi mento, proporcionando aos que nelas participam um lugar de memória para a construção de uma identidade macaense, sobretudo por meio da saudosa comida que se identifica, cheira e saboreia, de resto, a principal atração destes encontros. Neste artigo procurarei demonstrar como a produção de reuniões de comensalidade por parte do PCB revelam ser não só uma expressão de comunhão entre os vários membros da comunidade, como reforçam ainda o sentimento coletivo da permanência do grupo ao longo do tempo. Para além disso, analisarei de que forma a reivindicação e manutenção de uma cultura e etnicidade específica macaense tem vindo a ser reforçada pelos poderes políticos de Macau e da China através da patrimonialização imaterial de itens culturais como a gastronomia macaense, inscrita na lista do Património Cultural Imaterial da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China (RAEM).Events of The Food and Drink Party (PCB) bring together in Lisbon several dozens of Macanese to celebrate a calendar of events, the same way as in Macao, also marked their lives in Portugal. In this context, PCB and its parties are a way of integrating, operating and maintaining the Macanese community in the host country providing to those who participate, a place of memory for the construction of a Macanese identity through feelings of longing for the traditional food they can there identify, smell and taste, and the main attraction of these meetings. This article will demonstrate how the production of PCB reunions of commensality revel an expression of communion among the various members of the community and reinforce group’s collective feeling of permanence over time. In addition, it will be analysed how the claim and maintenance for a specific Macanese culture and ethnicity has been strengthened by the political powers of Macao and China across the immaterial herita gisation of cultural items such as the Macanese gastronomy, inscribed on the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (Macao SAR).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Edible films and coatings based on agrifood residues: A new trend in the food packaging research

Food packaging trends have been changing in the last years, mainly due to consumer concerns about plastic pollution and agrifood waste. Recent advances in the development of edible films and coatings are discussed. These systems can be much more than packaging, with additional functions such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and nutritional properties, among others. Challenges in industrial processes and/or in some films’ properties are addressed from the authors’ point of view. The use of agrifood residues in these packaging systems is included as a promising strategy that promotes sustainability and circular economy. The authors consider that more research and actions are needed to achieve the best packaging material for each food product with reduced production costs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identity Ambivalence among the Eurasian Macanese: Historical Dynamics, Political Regimes and Eating Practices

This article focuses on the case study of an ethnically and culturally mixed Eurasian Macanese community through their phenomenological experience of identity ambivalence. Our thematic framework includes the structural impact of colonial and postcolonial political regimes in Macao, historical influences on contemporary identity and sociocultural expressions of creolisation. It is argued that the Macanese people illustrate the memory of the ambivalent encounter between the two extremities of the Eurasia (China and Portugal) which started in the 16th-c. and never ceased moving forces to the present day. Furthermore, in the context of fieldwork with the Macanese community in Portugal, an ethnographic approach helps reveal the ambivalent dynamics of similarities and differentiation with respect to food practices and commensality as expressed over dinner by a group of close friends in Lisbon.Cet article présente une étude de cas des macanais euro-asiatiques – ethniquement et culturellement métissés – du point de vue de l’expérience phénoménologique résultant de leur identité ambivalente. Les questions traitées ici englobent les forces structurelles des régimes politiques coloniaux et post-coloniaux à Macao, les influences historiques sur les identités contemporaines et les expressions socioculturelles de la créolisation. On fait valoir que les macanais représentent la mémoire d’une rencontre ambivalente entre les deux extrémités de l’Eurasie (Chine et Portugal) qui depuis le xvie s. jusqu’à nos jours n’ont jamais cessé de mesurer leurs forces. Dans le cadre d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès de la communauté macanaise au Portugal, l’approche ethnographique a aussi permis de révéler les dynamiques ambivalentes de similarité et de différence en matière de commensalité et de pratiques alimentaires exprimées par un groupe d’amis proches lors d’un dîner à Lisbonne.Este artigo analisa o estudo de caso dos macaenses euro-asiáticos – indivíduos étnica e culturalmente mestiços – do ponto de vista da experiência fenomenológica resultante da sua identidade ambivalente. As temáticas aqui exploradas abrangem as forças estruturais dos regimes políticos coloniais e pós-coloniais em Macao, as influências históricas sobre as identidades contemporâneas e as expressões socioculturais da crioulização. É argumentado que os macaenses representam a memória de um encontro ambivalente entre os dois extremos da Eurásia (China e Portugal), um processo com início no século XVI e que nunca parou de medir forças até aos dias de hoje. Adotou-se ainda uma perspetiva etnográfica para abordar o conjunto de dinâmicas ambivalentes de semelhança e diferença em relação às práticas alimentares e de comensalidade, expressas por um grupo de amigos íntimos no decorrer de um jantar em Lisboa

Sustainable starch-based edible films with agrifood residues as potential carriers for the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Acknowledgments This work was supported by “Santander Universidades and University of Coimbra” through the project “Projetos Semente Santander UC: Era Pos-COVID-19: ´ uma sociedade mais sustentavel, ´ resiliente e justa” and by Fundaçao ˜ para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia (FCT): FCT/MCTEs (UIDB/00102/2020 and UIDP/00102/2020, of CIEPQPF, UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020, of CIBB, and UI/ 05704/2020 of ciTechCare. M. C. Gaspar acknowledges FCT for the financial support through the Institutional Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECINST/00060/2021).Edible films are promising carriers for probiotics and can be composed by agrifood residues, which are usually rich in polymers and bioactive compounds. In this work, starch-based films were enriched with three types of agrifood residues (quince, potato and orange peels) and the incorporation of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied, as well as the addition of inulin as a protective prebiotic. The resulting films were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, lactobacilli viability and microbiological properties. The mechanical properties of the films generally decreased with the introduction of L. rhamnosus, although this was highly dependent on the film composition. All films exhibited water vapor permeabilities in the typical range of starch-based films and were not greatly affected by the inclusion of probiotics. The loss of probiotic viability during films production was strongly related to the pH of the film-forming solutions. Films with agrifood residues had a slower loss of probiotic viability during storage, when compared to plain starch films, which may be explained by the presence of antioxidant compounds. Inulin was expected to improve viability, but this was not observed. Microbiological analysis showed that agrifood residues powders contained natural contaminant bacteria that were partially eliminated during film formation. Moreover, none of the target foodborne pathogens were detected in the analyzed samples. Overall, the results suggest that edible films containing agrifood residues can be a promising material for the delivery of probiotics and/or as primary packaging for some food products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Edible films produced from agrifood by-products and wastes

Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Projetos Semente SantanderUC through the Santander Universidades and University of Coimbra award, and by COMPETE 2020, Fundaçao ˜ para a Ciˆencia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), through the projects CIEPQPF (UIDB/00102/2020 and UIDP/00102/2020), and ciTechCare (UI/05704/2020). M. C. Gaspar acknowledges FCT for the financial support under Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/00527/2017 and CEECINST/00060/2021).This study aims to develop edible films using agrifood by-products (pumpkin seeds, broken rice and orange pectin) and wastes (quince peel, potato peel, potato pulp, orange peel, pumpkin peel). The physicochemical characteristics of the films were investigated, including their mechanical and barrier properties. Higher amounts of plasticizer induced poorer mechanical and barrier properties in the films. The most promising ones were obtained with orange pectin, broken rice and pumpkin peel, with water contact angles (WCA) between 48° and 57°, maximum water vapor transmission rate and water vapor permeability of 575 g.m−2.d−1 and 108 × 10−12 g.Pa−1.s−1.m−1, respectively, Young's modulus between 350 and 800 MPa, maximum tensile strength between 9.0 and 26.25 MPa, and elongation at break between 2.28 and 9.3%. Orange pectin and broken rice are promising raw materials since they led to higher WCA, better barrier and mechanical properties. Broken rice and quince peel can be good substitutes for commercial starch and glycerol, respectively. Agro-industrial by-products and wastes revealed potential for the production of sustainable edible films.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Short and stereoselective synthesis of α-methylene-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone diastereomers : Structures revised by theoretical investigations

A short synthetic approach allowed the preparation, in two steps, of (3S,4R)- and (3R,4R)-2- methylene-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactones from 2,3-O-(3-pentylidene)-D-glyceraldehyde, with overall yields of 32 % and 9 %, respectively. The structure of these γ-butyrolactones was revised by experimental and theoretical investigations.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Biopolymer-based membranes associated with osteogenic growth peptide for guided bone regeneration

Barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) mainly promote mechanical maintenance of bone defect space and induce osteopromotion. Additionally, biopolymer-based membranes may provide greater bioactivity and biocompatibility due to their similarity to extracellular matrix (ECM).In this study, biopolymers-based membranes from bacterial cellulose (BC) and collagen (COL) associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP(10–14)) were evaluated to determine in vitro osteoinductive potential in early osteogenesis; moreover, histological study was performed to evaluate the BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes on bone healing after GBR in noncritical defects in rat femur. The results showed that the BC–COL and BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes promoted cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cell cultures. However, ECMmineralization was similar between cultures grown on BC OGP(10–14) and BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes. In vivo results showed that all the membranes tested, including the peptide-free BC membrane, promoted better bone regeneration than control group. Furthermore, the BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes induced higher radiographic density in the repaired bone than the other groups at 1, 4 and 16 weeks. Histomorpho-metric analyses revealed that the BC–COL OGP(10–14) induced higher percentage of bone tissue in the repaired area at 2 and 4 weeks than others membranes. In general, these biopolymer-based membranes might be potential candidates for bone regeneration applications