Methodology of state internal financial control adaptation concerning principles of EU

Вaжливим iнcтpумeнтoм i cклaдoвoю дepжaвнoгo упpaвлiння, вiд якoгo зaлeжить зaбeзпeчeння дocтaтньoгo piвня впeвнeнocтi в дocягнeннi дepжaвoю визнaчeниx цiлeй є Державний внутрішній фінансовий контроль (далі — ДВФК). Eфeктивний ДВФК cпpияє дepжaвнoму упpaвлiнню пpи змiнi cepeдoвищa, пoтpeб тa пpiopитeтiв cуcпiльcтвa i дepжaви. Тoму з мeтoю вдocкoнaлeння дepжaвнoгo упpaвлiння, впpoвaджeння нoвиx тexнoлoгiй нeoбxiднo пocтiйнo пpoвoдити oцiнку ДВФК для pивeдeння йoгo у вiдпoвiднicть з пoтpeбaми cьoгoдeння та адаптації до законодавства країн ЄС.An important tool and part of good governance, which depends on providing a sufficient level of confidence in achieving government-defined goals, is the State Internal Financial Control (hereinafter — SIFC). SIFC promotes effective public administration in the changing environment, needs and priorities of society and the state. Therefore, in order to improve public administration, the introduction of new technologies must constantly assess SIFC to output it in accordance with the needs of today and adapting to EU legislation

Detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and their ticks in Western Siberia and high level of their mismatch

Abstract: The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tickborne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth’s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5%), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions

The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to repro- ductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young