Management of permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices according to the stage of root development

This paper analyzed the distribution of treatments for permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices according to the stage of root development. Dental records from all root canal procedures performed in permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices over a period of 14 years by residents of the Speciality of Endodontics, University of Guadalajara, Mexico, were analized. Records from 206 treatments were mainly divided into the following 3 different stages according to criteria described by Cvek: stage IV (n = 79, 38.3%), stage V (n = 66, 32%) and stage III (n = 53, 25.7%). Few cases involved the initial stages of root development (stages I and II) (n = 8, 3.8%). Such teeth were submitted to four different treatments: MTA apical barrier (n = 69), Ca(OH)2 replacements (n = 34), gutta-percha (n = 67) and a plug of Ca(OH)2/gutta-percha (n = 36). The teeth with intermediate root development (Cvek stage III) showed a predilection for the MTA apical barrier and Ca(OH)2 replacement techniques (P ? 0.001). Furthermore, the stage of root development did not influence the apical extent of the root filling. The finding of permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and open apices is not exclusive to young patients with an open apex. Moreover, teeth with fragile, irregular and divergent apical morphologies, such as Cvek?s stages´ I and II, were not common and may be considered to be unusual findings. The diverse endodontic procedures were reliable regardless of the stage of root development

Nuevos datos de actividad tectónica durante el Pleistoceno Superior-Holoceno en el sector oriental de la plataforma continental del Golfo de Cádiz (SO de Iberia)

La realización de dos campañas de adquisición de datos geofísicos del suelo y subsuelo marino en el año 2010, mediante la utilización de técnicas acústicas de muy alta resolución, ha permitido ampliar el conocimiento de dos sectores de la plataforma continental española en el Golfo de Cádiz, comprendidos entre la desembocadura del río Guadalquivir y la Bahía de Cádiz, y entre Cádiz y Chiclana de la Frontera, respectivamente. En el primero se han localizado varias zonas de fracturas que se caracterizan en los perfiles de sísmica de muy alta resolución por fallas normales de alto ángulo y pequeño salto que desplaza claramente las unidades sedimentarias de edad Holoceno, se trata por tanto de fallas que se pueden considerar activas, si bien deben ser el reflejo en superficie de fallas profundas de mayor entidad. Mientras que en el segundo se ha analizado la morfología asociada a la actividad emergente de una estructura diapirica principal.Two oceanographic surveys have been carried out using very high resolution acoustic techniques in 2010. These surveys have allowed us to improve the knowledge of two sectors of the Spanish continental shelf in the Gulf of Cadiz: the first one, from the mouth of the Guadalquivir River to the Bay of Cadiz, and the second one, between Cadiz and Chiclana de la Frontera. In the first sector, we have located several fracture zones which are characterized in the seismic profiles as high angle normal faults of small vertical displacement. These faults displace clearly the Holocene sedimentary units. Therefore, these faults could be considered currently actives, although should be the surface expression of deeper and more significance faults. In the second sector, we have analyzed the associated morphology with the emerging activity of a main diapi

Mandibular Canines with Two Roots and Two Root Canals: Case Report and Literature Review

Usually, the mandibular canine only has one root and one root canal. However, there has been a noticeable increment in evidence showing variations in its morphology, such as the presence of two roots and two root canals. The aim of this article was to present a case of a mandibular canine with two roots and two root canals and to review the available literature on this anatomic variation. Root canal treatment of tooth #43 with such morphology was performed in a 47-year-old woman. Careful inspection of the preoperative radiograph indicated the presence of more than one canal. The 12-month follow-up showed normal periapical tissues, with no pain or tenderness. Literature review revealed that the overall prevalence of such root canal configuration is 5.7%, with a strong preference for female sex (87.5%). Although mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals are not common, clinicians should always anticipate the presence of possible variations. Therefore, timely diagnosis and meticulous exploration of such mandibular canines allow for planning of an individualized treatment protocol, tailored to their peculiar morphology, focused on avoiding excessive weakening or even perforation of the roots

Successful Orthograde Treatment of Teeth with External Inflammatory Root Resorption and Perforation Using a Tricalcium Silicate-Based Material

One possible consequence of dentoalveolar trauma is the development of external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR), which represents an anatomic and microbiologic challenge for clinicians. This case report describes different strategies implemented for successful endodontic management of teeth with multiple EIRR lesions, highlighting the orthograde root canal filling using a tricalcium silicate-based material (Biodentine, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France). A 17-year-old female patient presented with severe pain in the anterior maxillary teeth and a history of trauma. Two- and three-dimensional radiographic exams confirmed EIRR in three teeth, with a total of 11 EIRR lesions, three exhibiting communication with the root canal. Therefore, chemo-mechanical preparation complemented by ultrasonic activation of irrigants and some changes of intra-canal dressing with calcium hydroxide were performed to reduce the microbiologic load of the affected teeth as much as possible. Then, the canals were entirely filled with Biodentine to interrupt the root resorption process and strengthen the remaining root structure. A 60-month follow-up showed the disappearance of bone rarefactions and the complete repair of the 11 EIRR lesions. The favorable long-term response indicates the feasibility of using tricalcium silicate-based putty as part of orthograde endodontic treatment of teeth with EIRR and root perforations

Ladera Inestable en Leintz-Gatzaga. Estudio Geotécnico y Control del Deslizamiento con Técnicas Terrestres y Espaciales.

La inestabilidad de ladera en Leintz-Gatzaga (Guipúzcoa,) y su entorno, ha producido daños estructurales en viviendas, muros y viales, que van desde moderados a intensos, desde hace siglos, obligando a ejecutar diferentes actuaciones de reparación y prevención. Se presenta en este trabajo la descripción geotécnica/geológica del deslizamiento, así como resultados de estudios previos. Por otro lado, este deslizamiento ha sido elegido como zona test del proyecto EOSLIDE en el que se pretende desarrollar e implementar metodologías de vigilancia que combinen técnicas terrestres clásicas con las técnicas avanzadas de última generación de procesado de interferometría radar de satélite, además de utilizar técnicas gravimétricas para la determinación de estructuras superficiales, minimizando costes sin pérdida de precisión en los resultados.Peer reviewe