Neurochemical characterisation of lamina II inhibitory interneurons that express GFP in the PrP-GFP mouse

Background Inhibitory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn play important roles in modulating sensory transmission, and these roles are thought to be performed by distinct functional populations. We have identified 4 non-overlapping classes among the inhibitory interneurons in the rat, defined by the presence of galanin, neuropeptide Y, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and parvalbumin. The somatostatin receptor sst2A is expressed by ~50% of the inhibitory interneurons in this region, and is particularly associated with nNOS- and galanin-expressing cells. The main aim of the present study was to test whether a genetically-defined population of inhibitory interneurons, those expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the PrP-GFP mouse, belonged to one or more of the neurochemical classes identified in the rat.<p></p> Results The expression of sst2A and its relation to other neurochemical markers in the mouse was similar to that in the rat, except that a significant number of cells co-expressed nNOS and galanin. The PrP-GFP cells were entirely contained within the set of inhibitory interneurons that possessed sst2A receptors, and virtually all expressed nNOS and/or galanin. GFP was present in ~3-4% of neurons in the superficial dorsal horn, corresponding to ~16% of the inhibitory interneurons in this region. Consistent with their sst2A-immunoreactivity, all of the GFP cells were hyperpolarised by somatostatin, and this was prevented by administration of a selective sst2 receptor antagonist or a blocker of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels.<p></p> Conclusions These findings support the view that neurochemistry provides a valuable way of classifying inhibitory interneurons in the superficial laminae. Together with previous evidence that the PrP-GFP cells form a relatively homogeneous population in terms of their physiological properties, they suggest that these neurons have specific roles in processing sensory information in the dorsal horn.<p></p&gt

Summer Storm

I took this photo for a photography assignment which was based on golden hour. When I saw the sunset behind the highway, I chose to use it to my advantage, already knowing what I wanted to capture, I patiently waited for the right car to pass by

Shark Hunter

This photo was taken in June of 2018. This man worked for Apex Shark Expeditions in Capetown, South Africa

Cuerpos, género y violencia: construcciones y deconstrucciones

The paper aims to develop a reflection on gender violence from an interdisciplinary perspective. Moving from tasks and positions of philosophical and psychoanalytic matrix , the authors bring into discussion the notion of gender based violence as a monolithic entity. After drawing a short theoretical trajectory on gender, sex and identity, the different meanings of the violence as social phenomenon are highlighted from a critical reflection on interpretative paradigms so far suggested. The main reference will be the difficulty associated with concepts such as heterosexual norm, required identity, performative gender, exclusionary effects associated with it, in order to analyze the rhetoric that act as guidance/ ordering in the speeches on gender based violence.Género, sexualidad e identidad son tres puntos clave de una discusión, en la que desde cualquier perspectiva que se quiera abordar no dejan de contribuir a la discusión de las y los académicos que trabajan en diversas disciplinas. Sea desde la teoría psicoanalítica, en la post-estructuralista y en la tradición filosófica de los estudios emprendidos por Butler (1990), nos encontramos con una actitud crítica frente al común binario sexo-género. En el marco de referencia, evitando así seguir la lógica del pensamiento único, abordamos el concepto de violencia basada en el género, como el conjunto de actos de abuso, acoso y otras agresiones ciegas procedentes de la necesidad de mantener cada ser humano dentro de la matriz heterosexual dicotómica, con el fin de preservar su identidad calmante y oficial. Mostramos como la violencia puede responder a un intento de aprovechar lo que está presente fuera de la "norma" y amenaza con desafiar la ley ordena toda relación interhumana

Artificially sweetened beverages and the response to the global obesity crisis

In March 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) published revised guidelines on sugar intake that call on national governments to institute policies to reduce sugar intake and increase the scope for regulation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). • In face of the growing threat of regulatory action on SSBs, transnational beverage companies are responding in multiple ways, including investing in the formulation and sales of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), promoted as healthier alternatives to SSBs. • The absence of consistent evidence to support the role of ASBs in preventing weight gain and the lack of studies on other long-term effects on health strengthen the position that ASBs should not be promoted as part of a healthy diet. • The promotion of ASBs must be discussed in a broader context of the additional potential impacts on health and the environment. In addition, a more robust evidence base, free of conflicts of interest, is needed

Indoor radon exposure and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies

The aim of this study was to assess a potential relationship between indoor radon exposure and the incidence of lung cancer worldwide. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published in English conducted in the last 15 years until January 2016. Summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model and the influence of moderators using a mixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q, I2 and H2 tests, and the source of heterogeneity was detected by meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger’s regression symmetry test and the contour-enhanced funnel plot. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. Twenty-five lung cancer studies (case-control studies) with 13,569 cases and 22,701 controls were included. Indoor Radon exposure was significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39). Study location analysis showed that radon exposure was associated with increased risk for lung cancer from forty degrees absolute latitude (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92–1.31), to fifty degrees (RR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.48), to sixty degrees (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12–1.91). Indoor radon exposure may be associated with increased risk for lung cancer

Norte profundo : Historias, presentes y luchas de Tucumán, Salta y Jujuy

Norte Profundo es una tesis de producción que apunta a la construcción de crónicas periodísticas sobre las condiciones socioculturales de quince pueblos del Norte Argentino. El trabajo, para el que se gestionó un apoyo económico del Fondo Nacional de las Artes, recorre diversos contextos de las provincias de Tucumán, Salta y Jujuy, con el objeto de dar testimonio sobre las historias, presentes y luchas de un Norte que resiste. Estos relatos son la conclusión de una crónica introspectiva, surgida del estímulo contextual; convertida en reflexión, ensayo breve, relato histórico y, ante todo, discurso polifónico. La reivindicación de la cultura ancestral, el trabajo de los pueblos que se levantan por sus derechos y el cotidiano de los que sobreviven en un contexto hostil, constituyen el motor del libro presentado como producción original.Trabajo realizado con el apoyo del Fondo Nacional de las Artes.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Disputas por el territorio en la comunidad diaguita de Amaicha del Valle

En todo territorio se presentan tensiones inherentes, conflictos de intereses. Es a partir de ellos que se crean, recrean y ponen en disputa distintos proyectos sociales, culturales, políticos y -fundamentalmente - económicos. En el presente artículo intentaré hacer una aproximación a algunas problemáticas territoriales que se han generado en los últimos 20 años en la comunidad Diaguita de Amaicha del Valle, en Tucumán (una de carácter local, otra con la presencia de intereses transnacionales). Observando los cambios en las disputas podemos comprender la influencia y el condicionamiento que ejerce la economía global en la reconfiguración de los territorios. Hablar de territorio demanda aclaraciones particulares; en principio atender a las cosmovisiones presentes que los configuran y transforman, y en el caso que aquí investigo a los efectos de la implantación de modelos de desarrollo que se imponen como la única propuesta. Para el caso de comunidades con fuerte presencia indígena y campesina es vital remarcar la distinción entre tierra y territorio.Mesa 26: El vapor del diablo. Sociedad, trabajo y ambiente en los márgenes del capitalismo en los siglos XX y XXI.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Cambiar el paradigma. Horizonte del Buen Vivir para dejar atrás al extractivismo

 En el presente artículo nos dedicaremos a recuperar algunas reflexiones sobre los planteamientos del Buen Vivir, presentados por el investigador Eduardo Gudynas y las novedades en materia jurídica que han introducido las reformas constitucionales de Ecuador y Bolivia en el plano latinoamericano. Como cierre, elegimos compartir el testimonio de una asambleísta involucrada en las luchas socio ambientales del noroeste argentino, con la que trabajamos en la presente investigación, en donde se manifiestan cualidades socioculturales, políticos, económicas, ambientales y éticas en sintonía con la propuesta del Buen Vivir, en las antípodas del modelo extractivo vigente