Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C

El objetivo del Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C fue el de desarrollar un documento como guía en la práctica clínica con aplicabilidad en México. Se tomó en cuenta la opinión de expertos en el tema con especialidad en: gastroenterología, infectología y hepatología. Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía en MEDLINE, EMBASE y CENTRAL mediante palabras claves referentes al tratamiento de la hepatitis C. Posteriormente se evaluó la calidad de la evidencia mediante el sistema GRADE y se redactaron enunciados, los cuales fueron sometidos a voto mediante un sistema modificado Delphi, y posteriormente se realizó revisión y corrección de los enunciados por un panel de 34 votantes. Finalmente se clasificó el nivel de acuerdo para cada oración. Esta guía busca dar recomendaciones con énfasis en los nuevos antivirales de acción directa y de esta manera facilitar su uso en la práctica clínica. Cada caso debe ser individualizado según sus comorbilidades y el manejo de estos pacientes siempre debe ser multidisciplinario. Abstract The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of Hepatitis C was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitis C treatment. The quality of evidence was subsequently evaluated using the GRADE system and the consensus statements were formulated. The statements were then voted upon, using the modified Delphi system, and reviewed and corrected by a panel of 34 voting participants. Finally, the level of agreement was classified for each statement. The present guidelines provide recommendations with an emphasis on the new direct-acting antivirals, to facilitate their use in clinical practice. Each case must be individualized according to the comorbidities involved and patient management must always be multidisciplinary

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Síntesis de whiskers de SiC asistida por microondas

Se desarrolló un nuevo proceso para la síntesis de whiskers de SiC asistida por microondas, basada en la mezcla de xerogelcs de sílice y grafito en polvo. Como fuente de energía se emplearon microondas de 2.45 GHz Y 1.5 kW de potencia, la síntesis se llevó a cabo en un horno de microondas casero sin modificar. Por otra parte, la sílice mesoporosa se sintetizó vía sol-gel, los precursores usados para esta síntesis fueron TEO-O y etanol. Mediante difracción de rayos-x método de polvos se demostró que la sílice sintetizada es amorfa y que los polvos obtenidos en el microondas corresponden a -SiC. La técnica BET en UD ciclo de adsorción desorción de N2 proporcionó un valor de tamaño de poro do 3.0 nm y un área superficial de 1090 m/g. Para determinar la morfología do los whiskers de SiC se analizó por MEB en el modo do electrones secundarios. El efecto de las microondas utilizadas se discute en laseeci6n de síntesis en el presente trabajo

The Influence of Deposition Time on the Structural, Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO-rGO Nanocomposite Thin Films Grown in a Single Step by USP

Thin films of nanocomposite of zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) deposited on soda-lime glass substrates were prepared using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) at 460 °C. The preparation process does not use harsh acids and is environmentally friendly. The deposition period of 2, 3.5 and 5 min resulted in compact, uniform samples with thicknesses of 148, 250 and 365 nm, respectively. After performing structural, morphological, optical and electrical characterization of the prepared nanocomposite, an influence of the deposition time on the physical properties of the obtained films was determined. TEM analyses indicate that the ZnO-rGO nanocomposite presents ZnO nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets, while XRD, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman results show the presence of a ZnO phase in the ZnO-rGO films. HR-SEM studies showed changes of the ZnO-rGO thin films morphology due to the incorporation of graphene into the ZnO films. Here, the particles of ZnO are similar to small grains of rice and graphene films have the appearance of a little “rose”. As the thickness of the film increases with deposition time, it reduces the structure of resistance of the nanocomposite thin films to 135 Ω. In addition, the optical transmission of the thin films in the visible region resulted affected. Here, we report a simple methodology for the preparation of ZnO-rGO nanocomposite thin films

Genetic diversity of HLA system in six populations from Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Mexico: Mexico City North, Mexico City South, Mexico City East, Mexico City West, Mexico City Center and rural Mexico City

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 1217 Mexicans from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area living in the northern (N = 751), southern (N = 52), eastern (N = 79), western (N = 33), and central (N = 152) Mexico City, and rural communities (N = 150), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes include 11 Native American haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components are Native American (63.85 ± 1.55 by ML; 57.19 of Native American haplotypes) and European (28.53 ± 3.13 by ML; 28.40 of European haplotypes), and a less apparent African genetic component (7.61 ± 1.96 by ML; 7.17 of African haplotypes)

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Hidalgo, Mexico: Pachuca and rural Hidalgo

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 122 Mexicans from the state of Hidalgo living in the city of Pachuca (N = 41) and rural communities (N = 81), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in Hidalgo include eight Native American and one European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Hidalgo are Native American (58.93 ± 2.16 by ML; 54.51 of Native American haplotypes) and European (32.49 ± 2.88 by ML; 28.69 of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (8.58 ± 0.93 by ML; 6.97 of African haplotypes)

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Chiapas, Mexico: Tuxtla Gutiérrez and rural Chiapas

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 173 Mexicans from the state of Chiapas living in the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez (N = 52) and rural communities (N = 121), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes in Chiapas include 12 Native American and one European haplotype. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Chiapas are Native American (71.61 ± 0.58 by ML; 53.16 of Native American haplotypes) and European (26.39 ± 5.05 by ML; 25.86 of European haplotypes), and a less prominent African genetic component (2.00 ± 5.20 by ML; 9.77 of African haplotypes)