Aspectos ecológicos y parámetros poblacionales en el caracol de tinte Plicopúrpura patula pansa (GOULD, 1853), en el litoral rocoso del Estado de Guerrero, México

[Tesis] (Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas con Especialidad en Ecología) U.A.N.L.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Diagnosis for ecological intensification of maize-based smallholder farming systems in the Costa Chica, Mexico

Enhanced utilization of ecological processes for food and feed production as part of the notion of ecological intensification starts from location-specific knowledge of production constraints. A diagnostic systems approach which combined social-economic and production ecological methods at farm and field level was developed and applied to diagnose extent and causes of the perceived low productivity of maize-based smallholder systems in two communities of the Costa Chica in South West Mexico. Social-economic and production ecological surveys were applied and complemented with model-based calculations. The results demonstrated that current nutrient management of crops has promoted nutrition imbalances, resulting in K- and, less surprisingly N-limited production conditions, reflected in low yields of the major crops maize and roselle and low resource use efficiencies. Production on moderate to steep slopes was estimated to result in considerable losses of soil and organic matter. Poor crop production, lack of specific animal fodder production systems and strong dependence on animal grazing within communal areas limited recycling of nutrients through manure. In combination with low prices for the roselle cash crop, farmers are caught in a vicious cycle of cash shortage and resource decline. The production ecological findings complemented farmers opinions by providing more insight in background and extent of livelihood constraints. Changing fertilizer subsidies and rethinking animal fodder production as well as use of communal lands requires targeting both formal and informal governance structures. The methodology has broader applicability in smallholder systems in view of its low demand on capital intensive resource

High sporulation and overexpression of virulence factors in biofilms and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid in recurrent Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection isolates

Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea associated with medical care worldwide, and up to 60% of patients with CDI can develop a recurrent infection (R-CDI). A multi-species microbiota biofilm model of C. difficile was designed to evaluate the differences in the production of biofilms, sporulation, susceptibility to drugs, expression of sporulating (sigH, spo0A), quorum sensing (agrD1, and luxS), and adhesion-associated (slpA and cwp84) pathway genes between selected C. difficile isolates from R-CDI and non-recurrent patients (NR-CDI). We obtained 102 C. difficile isolates from 254 patients with confirmed CDI (66 from NR-CDI and 36 from R-CDI). Most of the isolates were biofilm producers, and most of the strains were ribotype 027 (81.374%, 83/102). Most C. difficile isolates were producers of biofilm (100/102), and most were strongly adherent. Sporulation was higher in the R-CDI than in the NR-CDI isolates (p = 0.015). The isolates from R-CDI patients more frequently demonstrated reduced susceptibility to vancomycin than isolates of NR-CDI patients (27.78% [10/36] and 9.09% [6/66], respectively, p = 0.013). The minimum inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin and linezolid against biofilms (BMIC) were up to 100 times and 20 times higher, respectively, than the corresponding planktonic MICs. Expression of sigH, spo0A, cwp84, and agrD1 was higher in R-CDI than in NR-CDI isolates. Most of the C. difficile isolates were producers of biofilms with no correlation with the ribotype. Sporulation was greater in R-CDI than in NR-CDI isolates in the biofilm model of C. difficile. The R-CDI isolates more frequently demonstrated reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid than the NR-CDI isolates in both planktonic cells and biofilm isolates. A higher expression of sporulating pathway (sigH, spo0A), quorum sensing (agrD1), and adhesion-associated (cwp84) genes was found in R-CDI than in NR-CDI isolates. All of these factors can have effect on the recurrence of the infection.Peer reviewe

Consumo de drogas y agresividad en adolescentes.

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación del consumo de drogas y la agresividad en los adolescentes de secundaria. El diseño fue descriptivo correlacional, el muestreo fue aleatorio con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato (Secundaria A y Secundaria B) y en cada estrato se utilizó un muestreo por conglomerados (grupos) con asignación proporcional a cada estrato. El tamaño de muestra se determinó en base a una correlación considerando un nivel de confianza de 95%, para una prueba bilateral. Se obtuvo una muestra de 259 estudiantes. Se utilizó una Cedula de Datos Personales y de Consumo de Drogas, el Cuestionario AUDIT y el Cuestionario de Agresividad. El estudio se apegó al Reglamento de la Ley General en materia de Investigación para la Salud (SSA, 1987)

Financiamiento a través de bolsa mexicana de valores

Tesis ( Maestría en Contaduría Pública con Especialidad en Finanzas) U.A.N.L.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Asociación de la flexibilidad de isquiotibiales con dolor y limitación funcional en pacientes con gonartrosis.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la asociación que existe entre la flexibilidad de los músculos isquiotibiales con la función y el dolor en pacientes con osteoartrosis de rodilla. Métodos: Se evaluaron 33 pacientes en total reclutados de la consulta general del Departamento de Medicina del Deporte y Rehabilitación. Se les realizó el cuestionario WOMAC v.3.0 en español y posteriormente la medición de la flexibilidad con el flexómetro LaFayette y el método Back Saver Sit and Reach. Se elaboró una base de datos para realizar una correlación de Pearson entre el cuestionario WOMAC y sus tres componentes (dolor, rigidez y limitación funcional), con la flexibilidad total obtenida del promedio de la medición de ambas rodillas y se obtuvieron valores

Circulation of Highly Drug-Resistant Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 027 and 001 in Two Tertiary-Care Hospitals in Mexico

© 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.OBJECTIVE: To assess drug susceptibility and characterize Clostridium difficile ribotypes in isolates from two tertiary-care hospitals in Mexico. METHODS: Isolates were evaluated for genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of mutations associated with drug resistance. PCR ribotyping was performed using a combination of gel-based and capillary electrophoresis-based approaches. RESULTS: MIC50 and MIC90 were ≥128 mg/L for ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and rifampicin. There was no reduced susceptibility to metronidazole or tetracycline; however, reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (≥4 mg/L) and fidaxomicin (≥2 mg/L) was detected in 50 (40.3%) and 4 (3.2%) isolates, respectively. Furthermore, the rpoB Arg505Lys mutation was more frequently detected in isolates with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to rifampicin (≥32 mg/L) (OR = 52.5; 95% CI = 5.17-532.6; p < 0.000). Of the 124 C. difficile isolates recovered, 84 (66.7%) were of ribotype 027, 18 (14.5%) of ribotype 001, and the remainder were other ribotypes (353, 255, 220, 208, 176, 106, 076, 020, 019, 017, 014, 012, 003, and 002). CONCLUSION: Ribotypes 027 and 001 were the most frequent C. difficile isolates recovered in this study, and demonstrated higher MICs. Furthermore, we found four isolates with reduced susceptibility to fidaxomicin, raising a concern since this drug is currently unavailable in Mexican Hospitals.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Impact of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on maternal nestbuilding, estradiol and progesterone concentrations in rabbits

[EN] We evaluated the impact of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on: nest-building (i.e., digging, straw-carrying, hair-pulling), food intake, milk output, body weight, and the concentration of estradiol and progesterone in blood. Digging was lower in pregnant-lactating (PL) rabbits, compared with pregnant-only (PO) does, on 21-23 d (52±64 vs. 104±86 g, respectively; mean±SD; P<0.05). Straw-carrying was also reduced in PL does on 24-26 d (9±27 vs. 79±94 g; P<0.005), 27-29 (27±56 vs. 99±77 g; P<0.005), and in the total amount of material introduced into the nest box (132±167 vs. 286±217 g; P<0.02). Hair-pulling was expressed by practically all animals. Food intake declined in PO does on the three days preceding parturition (P<0.01) and increased markedly during lactation; this increase was much larger in PL than in lactating-only (LO) rabbits (P<0.01). Milk output was similar between PL and LO does during the first 21 d of lactation but a marked decline in this parameter occurred in PL does from then until 30 d. The differences in nest-building between PL and PO rabbits may be related to the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone on specific days of pregnancy. PL does showed significantly higher estradiol levels than PO animals on pregnancy 1 d (33±13 vs. 23±4 pg/mL; P<0.02) and 21 (34±19 vs. 24±6 pg/mL; P<0.05) and also higher levels of progesterone on pregnancy 1 d (4±5 vs. 1±2 ng/mL; P<0.05). However, PL rabbits had lower levels of progesterone on 7 d (6±3 vs. 9±2 ng/mL; P<0.02) and 14 d (8±3 vs. 11±3 ng/mL; P<0.005) than PO does. Our results indicate that the unique endocrine milieu of PL rabbits has a direct bearing on specific behavioral and physiological phenomena that impact productivity on the farm.González-Mariscal, G.; Gallegos, J.; Sierra-Ramírez, A.; Garza Flores, J. (2009). Impact of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on maternal nestbuilding, estradiol and progesterone concentrations in rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 17(3):145-152. doi:10.4995/wrs.2009.65414515217