Opiáceos intratecales y depresión respiratoria: ¿un mito en obstetricia?

ResumenLa adición de opiáceos a la bupivacaína para la anestesia raquídea ha demostrado mejorar la calidad de esta por la acción del fentanilo y prolongar la analgesia postoperatoria por el efecto de la morfina. Los efectos secundarios, en particular la depresión respiratoria, han impedido la generalización de su uso. Los estudios no son consistentes en cuanto a la incidencia de depresión respiratoria por la variedad de definiciones sobre esta complicación y las dosis de opiáceos empleadas. Las bajas dosis utilizadas actualmente no producen mayor depresión respiratoria que los opiáceos parenterales. Los altos niveles de progesterona, un potente estimulante respiratorio, hacen seguro el empleo de opiáceos neuroaxiales en escenarios como la anestesia o la analgesia obstétricas, por lo que no deberían omitirse.AbstractThe addition of opioids to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia has been shown to improve quality of anesthesia by the action of fentanyl, and extend postoperative analgesia by the effect of morphine. Side effects, particularly respiratory depression, have prevented their widespread use. Studies are not consistent regarding the incidence of respiratory depression due to the variety of definitions of this complication and the doses of opioids used. Low dose regimens currently used do not produce further respiratory depression than parenteral opioids. The high levels of progesterone, a potent respiratory stimulant, makes safe the use of neuroaxial opioids in scenarios such as obstetrical anesthesia or analgesia, hence their use should not be overlooked

A Gene Selection Approach based on Clustering for Classification Tasks in Colon Cancer

Gene selection (GS) is an important research area in the analysis of DNA-microarray data, since it involves gene discovery meaningful for a particular target annotation or able to discriminate expression profiles of samples coming from different populations. In this context, a wide number of filter methods have been proposed in the literature to identify subsets of relevant genes in accordance with prefixed targets. Despite the fact that there is a wide number of proposals, the complexity imposed by this problem (GS) remains a challenge. Hence, this paper proposes a novel approach for gene selection by using cluster techniques and filter methods on the found groupings to achieve informative gene subsets. As a result of applying our methodology to Colon cancer data, we have identified the best informative gene subset between several one subsets. According to the above, the reached results have proven the reliability of the approach given in this paper

Application of sugar foam to vineyard acid soils under mediterranean conditions

[EN] Calcium (Ca) deficiency and aluminium (Al) toxicity are considered major chemical constraints that limit vine growth in vineyard acid soils under Mediterranean conditions. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of three doses of sugar foam (900, 1 800 and 2 700 kg CaCO3 /ha) on five soil properties (pH in water, Ca, Mg, K and Al exchangeable contents) and Ca concentrations in petioles and canes of one wine grape variety. Research was conducted over three seasons (2006 to 2008) in a random block design at León (Spain). The results for plants and soils were subjected to general lineal model analysis. As a result, one linear model, validated through a cross-validation procedure, has been proposed to predict exchangeable calcium levels in vineyard acid soils at véraison. Based on the results for the soils, the higher doses of sugar foam (1 800 and 2 700 kg CaCO3 /ha) were the most effective doses in decreasing Al exchangeable and increasing Ca exchangeable contents. In addition, liming increased Ca content in petioles and decreased Ca content in canes, but in both cases these differences were not significant.S

A Word Embedding Model for Mapping Food Composition Databases Using Fuzzy Logic

This paper addresses the problem of mapping equivalent items between two databases based on their textual descriptions. Specif- ically, we will apply this technique to link the elements of two food com- position databases by calculating the most likely match of each item in another given database. A number of experiments have been carried by employing different distance metrics, some of them involving Fuzzy Logic. The experiments show that the mappings are highly accurate and Fuzzy Logic improves the precision of the model.European Union under grant agreement No. 816303 (Stance4Health

A Word Embedding-Based Method for Unsupervised Adaptation of Cooking Recipes

Studying food recipes is indispensable to understand the science of cooking. An essential problem in food computing is the adaptation of recipes to user needs and preferences. The main difficulty when adapting recipes is in determining ingredients relations, which are compound and hard to interpret. Word embedding models can catch the semantics of food items in a recipe, helping to understand how ingredients are combined and substituted. In this work, we propose an unsupervised method for adapting ingredient recipes to user preferences. To learn food representations and relations, we create and apply a specific-domain word embedding model. In contrast to previous works, we not only use the list of ingredients to train the model but also the cooking instructions. We enrich the ingredient data by mapping them to a nutrition database to guide the adaptation and find ingredient substitutes. We performed three different kinds of recipe adaptation based on nutrition preferences, adapting to similar ingredients, and vegetarian and vegan diet restrictions. With a 95% of confidence, our method can obtain quality adapted recipes without a previous knowledge extraction on the recipe adaptation domain. Our results confirm the potential of using a specific-domain semantic model to tackle the recipe adaptation task.European Commission 816303University of Granad

A data mining framework based on boundary-points for gene selection from DNA-microarrays: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma as a case study

[EN] Gene selection (or feature selection) from DNA-microarray data can be focused on different techniques, which generally involve statistical tests, data mining and machine learning. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in using hybrid-technique sets to face the problem of meaningful gene selection; nevertheless, this issue remains a challenge. In an effort to address the situation, this paper proposes a novel hybrid framework based on data mining techniques and tuned to select gene subsets, which are meaningfully related to the target disease conducted in DNA-microarray experiments. For this purpose, the framework above deals with approaches such as statistical significance tests, cluster analysis, evolutionary computation, visual analytics and boundary points. The latter is the core technique of our proposal, allowing the framework to define two methods of gene selection. Another novelty of this work is the inclusion of the age of patients as an additional factor in our analysis, which can leading to gaining more insight into the disease. In fact, the results reached in this research have been very promising and have shown their biological validity. Hence, our proposal has resulted in a methodology that can be followed in the gene selection process from DNA-microarray data

Reduced M2M Signaling Communications in 3GPP LTE and Future 5G Cellular Networks

The increase of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications over cellular networks imposes new requirements and challenges that current networks have to handle with. Many M2M UEs (User Equipment) may send small infrequent data, which suppose a challenge for cellular networks not optimized for such traffic, where signaling load could increase significantly and cause congestion over the network. This paper evaluates current proposals to manage small transmissions over the Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network. We also propose a new Random Access-based Small IP packet Transmission (RASIPT) procedure for M2M UEs small data transmissions. Its main feature is data transfer without establishment of Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection to reduce signaling overhead. In our design, we assume a Software Defined Networking-based architecture for 5G system. When compared with current LTE scheme, our procedure reduces significantly the signaling load generated by M2M UEs small transmissions.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project TIN2013- 46223-P), FEDER and the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU grant 13/04833)

Modeling and Dimensioning of a Virtualized MME for 5G Mobile Networks

Network function virtualization is considered one of the key technologies for developing future mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to evaluate the performance of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) virtualized mobility management entity (vMME) hosted in a data center. This theoretical framework consists of 1) a queuing network to model the vMME in a data center and 2) analytic expressions to estimate the overall mean system delay and the signaling workload to be processed by the vMME. We validate our mathematical model by simulation. One direct use of the proposed model is vMME dimensioning, i.e., to compute the number of vMME processing instances to provide a target system delay given the number of users in the system. Additionally, the paper includes a scalability analysis of the system. In our study, we consider the billing model and a data center setup of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud service and estimate the processing time of MME processing instances for different LTE control procedures experimentally. For the considered setup, our results show that the vMME is scalable for signaling workloads up to 37 000 LTE control procedures per second for a target mean system delay of 1 ms. The system design and database performance assumed imposes this limit in the system scalability.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (project TIN2013-46223-P) and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport under FPU Grant 13/04833

Interaction : a way to understand power relationships in an EFL classroom

Eng: This study emerged from the necessity of understanding the way in which power and power relationships took place within the interaction a group of students studying English. Therefore, interaction in this study was the means to analyze and understand the way in which the power relationships operated inside the English classroom. Stemming from a qualitative approach that according to Dörnyei , “…has as a main objective to describe social phenomena as they occur naturally”(2007, p.336 ). In that order of ideas, it is possible to make sure that this study does not aim to measure elements inside the classroom but rather analyze the process of interactions and relationships between a group of pre-service teachers in an English classroom and the students. As part of the analysis in the study, it is evident that there are more elements that appear or happen amidst the development of the teaching-learning process, elements such as paralinguistics and kinesthetic aspects. The fact is, beyond having knowledge of a subject matter, teachers and individuals belonging to a classroom have to be aware that the interactive process can provide important elements, as mentioned above, that account for the power dynamic inside the classroom. Similarly, this study also claims that the set of data that was gathered and analyzed in the development of this project can be used as a guide or as a referent in other studies or contexts due to the way in which power relationships are present in all contexts and human relationships where interaction takes place. So, in spite of this issue was found in a specific environment, it was possible for the researchers to perceive this issue in another environment, opening the possibility for further research ideas about this issue and its variables.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 116-122.PregradoLicenciado en Idiomas Modernos Español - Inglé