EL EMPRESARIADO COMO FUENTE DE LA SEGREGACION POR SEXO

Este artículo presenta una parte de una amplia investigación cuyo objetivo era proponer Políticas Activas Institucionales para favorecer la inserción laboral de las mujeres en sectores o profesiones en las que estén subrepresentadas. El trabajo trata de profundizar en el comportamiento del empresariado para determinar cual es su grado de responsabilidad e influencia en la segregación sexual del mercado de trabajo. Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo. Los resultados nos muestran un aumento de la sensibilización. Los empresarios creen que no es justo, pero no se sienten responsables. Demandan una mayor participación del Gobierno y de la sociedad en general, a la vez que reconocen desconocer las políticas activas institucionales existentes

Plant Traits and Phylogeny Predict Soil Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in Mediterranean Mixed Forests

Soil functioning is closely linked to the interactions between biological communities with the physical environment. Yet, the impact of plant community attributes on metabolic processes promoting soil nutrient cycling remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that the plant community acts as a regulating agent of nutrient mobilization in soils according to the phylogenetic and morpho-functional traits of plant species of which it is composed. Rhizosphere soils were collected in autumn and spring under 32 tree and shrub species in two Mediterranean mixed forests (four plots in each) located in southern Spain, and nine soil enzymatic activities related to C, N and P mobilization were assessed. Phylogeny and morpho-functional traits of plant species were recorded and their imprint in soil enzymatic activities across forests was determined. The results showed a plant phylogenetic signal for N mobilization in both forests, while it varied across forests for non-labile C and P mobilization. The plant phylogenetic signals were primarily driven by lineages that diversified through the Miocene, about 25 Myr ago. In addition, leaf traits and plant’s mycorrhizal type explained soil enzymatic activities independently from phylogeny. C and P mobilization increased under ectomycorrhizal plants, whilst enhanced N mobilization did occur under arbuscular mycorrhizal ones. The plant community composition led to a different carbon and nutrient mobilization degree, which in turn was mediated by distinct microbial communities mirroring differentiated resource-acquisition strategies of plants. Our results highlight the role of plant traits and mycorrhizal interactions in modulating carbon and nutrient cycling in Mediterranean mixed forest soils.CRUE-CSIC Springer Natur

Transcriptome Analysis and Intraspecific Variation in Spanish Fir (Abies pinsapo Boiss.)

Spanish fir (Abies pinsapo Boiss.) is an endemic, endangered tree that has been scarcely investigated at the molecular level. In this work, the transcriptome of Spanish fir was assembled, providing a large catalog of expressed genes (22,769), within which a high proportion were full-length transcripts (12,545). This resource is valuable for functional genomics studies and genome annotation in this relict conifer species. Two intraspecific variations of A. pinsapo can be found within its largest population at the Sierra de las Nieves National Park: one with standard green needles and another with bluish-green needles. To elucidate the causes of both phenotypes, we studied different physiological and molecular markers and transcriptome profiles in the needles. “Green” trees showed higher electron transport efficiency and enhanced levels of chlorophyll, protein, and total nitrogen in the needles. In contrast, needles from “bluish” trees exhibited higher contents of carotenoids and cellulose. These results agreed with the differential transcriptomic profiles, suggesting an imbalance in the nitrogen status of “bluish” trees. Additionally, gene expression analyses suggested that these differences could be associated with different epigenomic profiles. Taken together, the reported data provide new transcriptome resources and a better understanding of the natural variation in this tree species, which can help improve guidelines for its conservation and the implementation of adaptive management strategies under climatic change.This research was funded by research projects “Genómica funcional del pinsapo” and “Genómica del pinsapo: Estudios estructurales y funcionales” (grant numbers UMA18-FEDERJA-018 and P20-00507-R, funded by Junta de Andalucía, PAIDI) and “Modulators of adaptive capacity to climate change in forests: integration from the landscape to the gene/transcriptome in relict mountain conifers (CoMoReAdapt)” (grant number CGL2013-48843-C2-1-R, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, National Program for R + D+i). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

The relationship between physician and cancer patient when initiating adjuvant treatment and its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze differences in physician and patient satisfaction in shared decision-making (SDM); patients' emotional distress, and coping in subjects with resected, non-metastatic cancer. Methods 602 patients from 14 hospitals in Spain were surveyed. Information was collected regarding physician and patient satisfaction with SDM, participants' emotional distress and coping, as well as patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics by means of specific, validated questionnaires. Results Overall, 11% of physicians and 19% of patients were dissatisfied with SDM; 22% of patients presented hopelessness or anxious preoccupation as coping strategies, and 56% presented emotional distress. By gender, female patients showed a higher prevalence of dissatisfaction with SDM (23 vs 14%), anxious preoccupation (26 vs 17%), and emotional distress (63 vs 44%) than males. Hopelessness was more prevalent in individuals with stage III disease than those with stages I-II (28 vs 18%). Conclusion Physicians must be mindful of the importance of emotional support and individual characteristics when communicating treatment options, benefits, and adverse effects of each alternative to oncological patients

Critical warm ischemia time point for cardiac donation after circulatory death.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) represents a promising opportunity to overcome the relative shortage of donors for heart transplantation. However, the necessary period of warm ischemia is a concern. This study aims to determine the critical warm ischemia time based on in vivo biochemical changes. Sixteen DCD non-cardiac donors, without cardiovascular disease, underwent serial endomyocardial biopsies immediately before withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST), at circulatory arrest (CA) and every 2 min thereafter. Samples were processed into representative pools to assess calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function and cellular viability. Compared to baseline, no significant deterioration was observed in any studied parameter at the time of CA (median: 9 min; IQR: 7-13 min; range: 4-19 min). Ten min after CA, phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase-A on Thr197 and SERCA2 decreased markedly; and parallelly, mitochondrial complex II and IV activities decreased, and caspase 3/7 activity raised significantly. These results did not differ when donors with higher WLST to CA times (≥9 min) were analyzed separately. In human cardiomyocytes, the period from WLST to CA and the first 10 min after CA were not associated with a significant compromise in cellular function or viability. These findings may help to incorporate DCD into heart transplant programs.Fundación Mutua Madrileña.S

Immune surveillance for six vaccinable pathogens using paired plasma and dried blood spots in HIV infected and uninfected children in Kinshasa

Child vaccination reduces infant mortality rates. HIV-infected children present higher risk of diseases than non-infected. We report the protection coverage rates for 6 vaccine-preventable diseases in a paediatric population from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the impact of HIV infection, providing the first data on the validity of dried blood samples (DBS) to monitor the immune protection. During 2016-2018 DBS from 143 children/adolescents were collected in Kinshasa (DRC), being 52 HIV-infected. Forty-two had a paired plasma sample. Protective IgG was quantified (VirClia-IgG,VIRCELL) to obtain the optimal cut-off in IgG detection in DBS. ROC curves were generated with R software and statistical analyses with Stata. Protective IgG levels varied across pathogens, not reaching herd immunity. HIV-infected presented lower vaccine protection than uninfected for all analyzed pathogens, except rubella, with statistically significant differences for measles (30.8% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.008) and tetanus (3.8% vs. 22%; p = 0.0034). New cut-offs were calculated when using DBS to improve test performance. We reinforce the necessity to increase pediatric vaccination coverage in Kinshasa, especially in HIV seropositive, with less capacity to maintain adequate antibody levels. DBS were useful to monitor vaccination coverage in seroprevalence studies in resource-limited settings, after optimizing the cut-off value for each pathogen