2,694 research outputs found
N:P:Si nutrient export ratios and ecological consequences in coastal seas evaluated by the ICEP approach
The Indicator for Coastal Eutrophication Potential (ICEP) for river nutrient export of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica at the global scale was first calculated from available measurement data. Positive values of ICEP indicate an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus over silica and generally coincide with eutrophication. The sign of ICEP based on measured nutrient fluxes was in good agreement with the corresponding one calculated from the Global-NEWS models for more than 5000 watersheds in the world. Calculated ICEP for the year 2050 based on Global NEWS data for the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios show increasing values particularly in developing countries. For further evaluation of the ICEP at the outlet of the rivers of the world based on measurements, there is a need for additional determination silica fluxes and concentrations, which are scarcely documented
Simulating microbial degradation of organic matter in a simple porous system using the 3-D diffusion-based model MOSAIC
This paper deals with the simulation of microbial degradation of organic matter in soil within the pore space at a microscopic scale. Pore space was analysed with micro-computed tomography and described using a sphere network coming from a geometrical modelling algorithm. The biological model was improved regarding previous work in order to include the transformation of dissolved organic compounds and diffusion processes. We tested our model using experimental results of a simple substrate decomposition experiment (fructose) within a simple medium (sand) in the presence of different bacterial strains. Separate incubations were carried out in microcosms using five different bacterial communities at two different water potentials of â10 and â100 cm of water. We calibrated the biological parameters by means of experimental data obtained at high water content, and we tested the model without changing any parameters at low water content. Same as for the experimental data, our simulation results showed that the decrease in water content caused a decrease of mineralization rate. The model was able to simulate the decrease of connectivity between substrate and microorganism due the decrease of water content
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A review of miniaturised Non-Destructive Testing technologies for in-situ inspections
Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have become attractive trends of product manufacturing, installation and post-maintenance in the aerospace, automotive and manufacturing industry, because of its benefits such as cost saving, easy to use and high efficiency etc. With the industrial products becoming large-scale, high integration and complication, developing the NDT miniaturisation technique for in-situ inspections is highly demanded and becoming an inevitable trend. However, in-situ inspection using NDT have been limited by a number of factors, such as the heavy weight, large size or complex structure etc. This paper aims to systematically identify and analyse the current state-of-the-art of NDT miniaturisation techniques in research and innovation, and discuss the challenge and prospect of miniaturisation of the commonly used NDT techniques
A programmable 10 Gigabit injector for the LHCb DAQ and its upgrade
The LHCb High Level Trigger and Data Acquisition system selects about 2 kHz of events out of the 1 MHz of events, which have been selected previously by the first-level hardware trigger. The selected events are consolidated into files and then sent to permanent storage for subsequent analysis on the Grid. The goal of the upgrade of the LHCb readout is to lift the limitation to 1 MHz. This means speeding up the DAQ to 40 MHz. Such a DAQ system will certainly employ 10 Gigabit or technologies and might also need new networking protocols: a customized TCP or proprietary solutions. A test module is being presented, which integrates in the existing LHCb infrastructure. It is a 10-Gigabit traffic generator, flexible enough to generate LHCbâs raw data packets using dummy data or simulated data. These data are seen as real data coming from sub-detectors by the DAQ. The implementation is based on an FPGA using 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface. This module is integrated in the experiment control system. The architecture, implementation, and performance results of the solution will be presented
On the Linearization of the Painleve' III-VI Equations and Reductions of the Three-Wave Resonant System
We extend similarity reductions of the coupled (2+1)-dimensional three-wave
resonant interaction system to its Lax pair. Thus we obtain new 3x3 matrix
Fuchs--Garnier pairs for the third and fifth Painleve' equations, together with
the previously known Fuchs--Garnier pair for the fourth and sixth Painleve'
equations. These Fuchs--Garnier pairs have an important feature: they are
linear with respect to the spectral parameter. Therefore we can apply the
Laplace transform to study these pairs. In this way we found reductions of all
pairs to the standard 2x2 matrix Fuchs--Garnier pairs obtained by M. Jimbo and
T. Miwa. As an application of the 3x3 matrix pairs, we found an integral
auto-transformation for the standard Fuchs--Garnier pair for the fifth
Painleve' equation. It generates an Okamoto-like B\"acklund transformation for
the fifth Painleve' equation. Another application is an integral transformation
relating two different 2x2 matrix Fuchs--Garnier pairs for the third Painleve'
equation.Comment: Typos are corrected, journal and DOI references are adde
Transmission of matter wave solitons through nonlinear traps and barriers
The transmissions of matter wave solitons through linear and nonlinear
inhomogeneities induced by the spatial variations of the trap and the
scattering length in Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated. New phenomena,
such as the enhanced transmission of a soliton through a linear trap by a
modulation of the scattering length, are exhibited. The theory is based on the
perturbed Inverse Scattering Transform for solitons, and we show that radiation
effects are important. Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
confirm the theoretical predictions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
A two-way interactive broadband satellite architecture to break the digital divide barrier
September 24-26, 2007, Turin, Ital
TV-Centric technologies to provide remote areas with two-way satellite broadband access
October 1-2, 2007, Rome, Italy TV-Centric Technologies To Provide Remote Areas With Two-Way Satellite Broadband Acces
Identification of input-output LPV models
This chapter presents an overview of the available methods for identifying input-output LPV models both in discrete time and continuous time with the main focus on noise modeling issues. First, a least-squares approach and an instrumental variable method are presented for dealing with LPV-ARX models. Then, a refined instrumental variable approach is discussed to address more sophisticated noise models like Box-Jenkins in the LPV context. This latter approach is also introduced in continuous time and efficient solutions are proposed for both the problem of time-derivative approximation and the issue of continuous-time modeling of the noise
Direct identification of continuous-time LPV models
Controllers in the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework are commonly designed in continuous time (CT) requiring accurate and low-order CT models of the system. Nonetheless, most of the methods dedicated to the identification of LPV systems are addressed in the discrete-time setting. In practice when discretizing models which are naturally expressed in CT, the dependency on the scheduling variables becomes non-trivial and over-parameterized. Consequently, direct identification of CT-LPV systems in an input-output setting is investigated. To provide consistent model parameter estimates in this setting, a refined instrumental variable approach is proposed. The statistical properties of this approach are demonstrated through a Monte Carlo simulation example
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