La Méditerranée au futur : des impacts du changement climatique aux enjeux de l'adaptation

Sommaire 1. Introduction 2. Ce que la science du climat nous dit... et ce qu'elle ne nous dit pas 3. Panorama des impacts attendus du changement climatique en Méditerranée 4. L'adaptation au changement climatique : éléments de cadrage 5. Éléments de bilan des efforts actuels en matière d'adaptation en Méditerranée 6. Conclusion. http://www.abhatoo.net.ma/content/download/13897/238639/version/1/file/mediterranee_futur_impacts_chang_clim_enjeux_adaptation.pd

The Future of the Mediterranean: From Impacts of Climate Change to Adaptation Issues

This summary report has been produced at the request of the Sustainable Development General Commission (CGDD) of the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Territorial Development (MEEDDAT). It also received the support of the European Commission (DG Research, Circe project - "Climate change and impact research: the Mediterranean environment", FP 6) and the Région Ile de France (R2DS project). Drafted by IDDRI, in collaboration with CIRED, this document provides up-to-date information on conceivable climate trends and on their potential impact on natural resources and the different major sectors of activity for the Mediterranean. Principles and recommendations are also put forward to guide the design and implementation of adaptation strategies, at different levels and in different fields

Performance comparison of the floating and fully submerged quasi-point absorber wave energy converters

Available online 3 March 2017Axisymmetric point absorbers are mostly designed as floating buoys that extract power from heave motion. Power absorption limits of such wave energy converters (WECs) are governed by the displaced volume of the buoy and its ability to radiate waves. In the case of fully submerged WECs, the power performance becomes a function of additional variables including the proximity to the mean surface level of the water, body shape and the maximum stroke length of the power take-off system. Placing the body below the water surface increases its survivability in storm conditions but changes the hydrodynamic properties of the WEC including maximum absorbed power. This paper investigates the differences between floating and fully submerged point absorber converters from the number of perspectives including energy extraction, bandwidth, and optimal size for a particular wave climate. The results show that when compared with floating converters, fully submerged buoys: (i) generally absorb less power at longer wavelengths, (ii) have narrower bandwidth, (iii) cannot be replaced by smaller units of the same total volume without a significant loss of power, and (iv) have a significant advantage as they can effectively utilise several modes of motion (e.g. surge and heave) in order to increase power generation.N.Y. Sergiienko, B.S. Cazzolato, B. Ding, P. Hardy, M. Arjomand