Étude d’un des sarcophages en plomb d’Époque moderne de l’hotel-dieu de Tonnerre (Yonne)

L’étude a porté sur l’un des sept sarcophages métalliques d’un ensemble, datant des XVIe-XVIIe s., découvert dans l’Hôtel-Dieu de Tonnerre (Yonne, France). Grâce à des études anthropobiologique, archéologique et métallographique, l’individu et son sarcophage ont été caractérisés.L’identification des techniques de fabrication a permis de différencier les deux sarcophages emboités qui enveloppaient le défunt, bien que le matériau de départ ait été le même ou presque.L’analyse anthropobiologique, résultant d’une fouille exhaustive en laboratoire, a permis de caractériser le sexe et l’âge du sujet, un individu jeune adulte, de sexe masculin, dont l’état sanitaire général est bon, bien que des variations anatomiques non métriques et une pathologie d’ordre traumatique aient été observées ; enfin, le traitement post mortem appliqué au défunt, problématique, a fait l’objet d’un examen particulier.The study concerned one of a set of seven metal sarcophaguses found in a burial space, dating from the 16th–17th centuries, discovered in the Hôtel-Dieu in Tonnerre (Yonne, France). Using anthropological, archaeological and metallographic techniques, the individual and his sarcophagus have been analysed.Identification of the manufacturing techniques enabled differentiation of the two sarcophaguses, one contained within the other, which held the body, though the material seems to have been the same or almost the same in both layers.The anthropobiological analysis, resulting from an exhaustive laboratory study, revealed the sex and approximate age of the subject. He was a young adult male in good general health, though non-metric anatomical variations and a traumatic pathology were observed. Lastly, the post-mortem treatment applied to the corpse, which has raised various questions, was the object of particular attention.Die Untersuchung betraf einen von sieben Metallsarkophagen eines im Hôtel-Dieu von Tonnerre (Departement Yonne, Frankreich) entdeckten und in das 16.-17. Jh. datierten Ensembles. Anthropobiologische, archäologische und metallographische Studien ermöglichten die genaue Beschreibung des Individuums und seines Sarkophags.Obwohl das Ausgangsmaterial der beiden Sarkophage identisch oder fast identisch war, konnten die beiden ineinander verschachtelten Sarkophage, in denen der Verstorbene ruhte, dank der Identifizierung der Herstellungstechniken unterschieden werden.Die aus einer erschöpfenden Laborgrabung resultierende anthropobiologische Analyse hat es erlaubt, das Geschlecht und das Alter des Individuums zu bestimmen : es handelte sich um einen jungen Erwachsenen männlichen Geschlechts, dessen allgemeiner Gesundheitszustand trotz nicht metrischer anatomischer Merkmale und einer traumatischen Pathologie gut war. Schließlich wurde die problematische Behandlung, die dem Toten post mortem zuteil geworden war, einer besonderen Untersuchung unterzogen

Aetiology and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in physically active conscripts: a follow-up study in the Finnish Defence Forces

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main reason for morbidity during military training. MSDs commonly result in functional impairment leading to premature discharge from military service and disabilities requiring long-term rehabilitation. The purpose of the study was to examine associations between various risk factors and MSDs with special attention to the physical fitness of the conscripts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two successive cohorts of 18 to 28-year-old male conscripts (<it>N </it>= 944, median age 19) were followed for six months. MSDs, including overuse and acute injuries, treated at the garrison clinic were identified and analysed. Associations between MSDs and risk factors were examined by multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the six-month follow-up of two successive cohorts there were 1629 MSDs and 2879 health clinic visits due to MSDs in 944 persons. The event-based incidence rate for MSD was 10.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.0-11.1) per 1000 person-days. Most MSDs were in the lower extremities (65%) followed by the back (18%). The strongest baseline factors associated with MSDs were poor result in the combined outcome of a 12-minute running test and back lift test (hazard ratio (HR) 2.9; 95% CI: 1.9-4.6), high waist circumference (HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2), high body mass index (HR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), poor result in a 12-minute running test (HR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2), earlier musculoskeletal symptoms (HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.1) and poor school success (educational level and grades combined; HR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3-3.0). In addition, risk factors of long-term MSDs (≥10 service days lost due to one or several MSDs) were analysed: poor result in a 12-minute running test, earlier musculoskeletal symptoms, high waist circumference, high body mass index, not belonging to a sports club and poor result in the combined outcome of the 12-minute running test and standing long jump test were strongly associated with long-term MSDs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The majority of the observed risk factors are modifiable and favourable for future interventions. An appropriate intervention based on the present study would improve both aerobic and muscular fitness prior to conscript training. Attention to appropriate waist circumference and body mass index would strengthen the intervention. Effective results from well-planned randomised controlled studies are needed before initiating large-scale prevention programmes in a military environment.</p

Quelques aspects documentés des relations entretenues par les habitants de Tours avec la Loire du 1er au 12e s.

National audienc

Aging decreases the abundance of retinoic acid (RAR) and triiodothyronine (TR) nuclear receptor mRNA in rat brain: effect of the administration of retinoids

International audienceAging is accompanied by troubles resulting from changes in hormonal and nutritional status. Therefore, the abundance of mRNA coding for triiodothyronine (TR) and retinoic acid (RA) nuclear receptors was studied in the brain of young, adult and aged (2.5, 6 and 24 months, respectively) rats. In the brain of aged rats, there was a lower abundance of TR and RAR mRNA and a lower activity of tissue transglutaminase (tTG), an enzyme the gene of which is a target for retinoids. Administration of RA in these rats restored TR and RAR mRNA and the activity of tTG in the brain. The importance of these observations to the function of the aged brain is discussed

Aging decreases retinoic acid and triiodothyronine nuclear expression in rat liver: exogenous retinol and retinoic acid differentially modulate this decreased expression

International audienceThe expression of nuclear receptors of retinoic acid (RAR) and triiodothyronine (TR) was analyzed in the liver of rats aged 2.5 (young), 6 (adult) and 24 (aged) months. In aged rats, decreased binding properties, binding capacity (Cmax) and affinity (Ka), of nuclear receptors were observed. This resulted, at least in part, from decreased transcription of receptor genes in that the amount of their mRNA also decreased. Moreover, the activity of malic enzyme (ME) and tissue transglutaminase (tTG), whose genes are TR and RAR responsive, respectively, was reduced in aged rats. These results are in agreement with the decreased binding capacity of these receptors. An inducer-related increase of RAR and TR expression was observed 24 h after a single dose of retinoic acid administration (5 mg/kg), while retinol administration (retinyl palmitate, 13 mg/kg) was without incidence on nuclear receptor expression in aged rats

Suspected community-acquired pneumonia in an ambulatory setting (CAPA): a French prospective observational cohort study in general practice

International audienceBackground: Few studies have addressed the pragmatic management of ambulatory patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using a precise description of the disease with or without chest X-ray (X-ray) evidence. AIMS: To describe the characteristics, clinical findings, additional investigations and disease progression in patients with suspected CAP managed by French General Practitioners (GPs). METHODS: The patients included were older than 18 years, with signs or symptoms suggestive of CAP associated with recent-onset unilateral crackles on auscultation or a new opacity on X-ray. They were followed for up to 6 weeks. Descriptive analyses of all patients and according to their management with X-rays were carried out. RESULTS: From September 2011 to July 2012, 886 patients have been consulted by 267 GPs. Among them, 278 (31%) were older than 65 years and 337 (38%) were at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. At presentation, the three most common symptoms, cough (94%), fever (93%), and weakness or myalgia (81%), were all observed in 70% of patients. Unilateral crackles were observed in 77% of patients. Among patients with positive radiography (64%), 36% had no unilateral crackles. A null CRB-65 score was obtained in 62% of patients. Most patients (94%) initially received antibiotics and experienced uncomplicated disease progression regardless of their management with X-rays. Finally, 7% of patients were hospitalised and 0.3% died. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients consulting GPs for suspected CAP had the three following most common symptoms: cough, fever, and weakness or myalgia. More than a third of them were at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. With or without X-rays, most patients received antibiotics and experienced uncomplicated disease progression