Renormalization of Optical Excitations in Molecules near a Metal Surface

The lowest electronic excitations of benzene and a set of donor-acceptor molecular complexes are calculated for the gas phase and on the Al(111) surface using the many-body Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The energy of the charge-transfer excitations obtained for the gas phase complexes are found to be around 10% lower than the experimental values. When the molecules are placed outside the surface, the enhanced screening from the metal reduces the exciton binding energies by several eVs and the transition energies by up to 1 eV depending on the size of the transition-generated dipole. As a striking consequence we find that close to the metal surface the optical gap of benzene can exceed its quasiparticle gap. A classical image charge model for the screened Coulomb interaction can account for all these effects which, on the other hand, are completely missed by standard time-dependent density functional theory.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; revised versio

Ciência Cidadã nos Açores : o uso de joaninhas (Coleptera: Coccinellidae) como espécies-modelo

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, 27 março de 2019, Universidade dos Açores.O presente trabalho pretende relatar os primeiros avanços realizados no cenário de um programa de Ciência Cidadã nos Açores, com vista a detetar espécies de joaninhas não nativas na região. Assim, este trabalho consistiu, em primeiro lugar, na compilação e organização de dados sobre as joaninhas historicamente referenciadas para o arquipélago dos Açores e, em segundo lugar, com essa informação, desenvolver uma interface com os cidadãos. De forma a ajudar na recolha de dados, foram elaborados guias de campo e de laboratório para a observação e identificação de joaninhas, sempre no âmbito da Ciência Cidadã. Todos os protocolos e chave de identificação foram, posteriormente, testados por grupos de voluntários pertencentes às escolas da Ribeira Grande, da Lagoa e valências da Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Ribeira Grande. Foram criadas, também, plataformas virtuais (página Web e página Facebook) com o intuito de permitir ao cidadão comum contribuição com dados através das suas próprias observações. Essas contribuições serão, posteriormente, utilizadas na investigação, por técnicos qualificados, de maneira a poderem ser utilizadas na identificação de potenciais invasoras.ABSTRACT: The present work intends to report the first achievements made in the scenario of a Citizen Science program in the Azores, in order to detect non-native ladybird species in the region. Thus, this work consisted, firstly, in the compilation and organization of data on the ladybirds historically referenced in the Azores archipelago, and, secondly, consisted in the development of an interface, with the citizens, using the information. In order to assist in the collection of data, field and laboratory guides were developed for the observation and identification of ladybirds, always within the scope of Citizen Science. All guides and identification keys were later tested by groups of volunteers from schools in Ribeira Grande and Lagoa and from valences of Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Ribeira Grande. Virtual platforms (Web and Facebook pages) were also created in order to enable the average citizen to contribute with data through their own observations. These contributions will subsequently be used in the investigation by qualified technicians so that they can be used in the identification of potentials invaders

Dispositional beliefs regarding “affect as information” determine the perception of persuasive self-efficacy

In this paper, we approach the relationship between believing that affect informs about the validity of a claim and believing that one persuasive strategy will be more or less efficient in changing one’s own attitude. In one study, participants were asked to select from a set of features of a persuasive context those they perceived to have more persuasive power. Results showed that these selections were clearly clustered in two groups, suggesting that individuals tend to select either more cognitive features or more experiential affective features. Individual measures regarding participants’ need for cognition and faith in intuition did not explain the tendency to select more one type of cluster or another, but this selection was determined by how much people generally believe that affect informs about the validity or goodness of a claim

The effect of facial occlusion on facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance

Recognizing the role that facial appearance plays in guiding social interactions, here we investigated how occlusions of the bottom-face region affect facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance. Previous studies suggesting that different facial features impact inferences on these traits sustain the hypothesis that wearing a face mask will differently affect each trait inference. And specifically, that trustworthiness impressions will be more disrupted by this type of face occlusion than dominance impressions. In two studies, we addressed this possibility by occluding the bottom face region of faces that were previously shown to convey different levels of dominance and trustworthiness, and tested differences in the ability to discriminate between these trait levels across occlusion conditions. In Study 1 faces were occluded by a mask, and in Study 2 by a square image. In both studies, results showed that although facial occlusions generally reduced participants’ confidence on their trait judgments, the ability to discriminate facial trustworthiness was more strongly affected than the ability to discriminate facial dominance. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The perception of time is dynamically interlocked with the facial muscle activity

Time perception relies on the motor system. Involves core brain regions of this system, including those associated with feelings generated from sensorimotor states. Perceptual timing is also distorted when movement occurs during timing tasks, possibly by interfering with sensorimotor afferent feedback. However, it is unknown if the perception of time is an active process associated with specific patterns of muscle activity. We explored this idea based on the phenomenon of electromyographic gradients, which consists of the dynamic increase of muscle activity during cognitive tasks that require sustained attention, a critical function in perceptual timing. We aimed to determine whether facial muscle dynamic activity indexes the subjective representation of time. We asked participants to judge stimuli durations (varying in familiarity) while we monitored the time course of the activity of the zygomaticus-major and corrugator-supercilii muscles, both associated with cognitive and affective feelings. The dynamic electromyographic activity in corrugator-supercilii over time reflected objective time and this relationship predicted subjective judgments of duration. Furthermore, the zygomaticus-major muscle signaled the bias that familiarity introduces in duration judgments. This suggests that subjective duration could be an embodiment process based in motor information changing over time and their associated feelings.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Is the timed-up and go test feasible in mobile devices? A systematic review

The number of older adults is increasing worldwide, and it is expected that by 2050 over 2 billion individuals will be more than 60 years old. Older adults are exposed to numerous pathological problems such as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, post-stroke, and orthopedic disturbances. Several physiotherapy methods that involve measurement of movements, such as the Timed-Up and Go test, can be done to support efficient and effective evaluation of pathological symptoms and promotion of health and well-being. In this systematic review, the authors aim to determine how the inertial sensors embedded in mobile devices are employed for the measurement of the different parameters involved in the Timed-Up and Go test. The main contribution of this paper consists of the identification of the different studies that utilize the sensors available in mobile devices for the measurement of the results of the Timed-Up and Go test. The results show that mobile devices embedded motion sensors can be used for these types of studies and the most commonly used sensors are the magnetometer, accelerometer, and gyroscope available in off-the-shelf smartphones. The features analyzed in this paper are categorized as quantitative, quantitative + statistic, dynamic balance, gait properties, state transitions, and raw statistics. These features utilize the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors and facilitate recognition of daily activities, accidents such as falling, some diseases, as well as the measurement of the subject's performance during the test execution.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio