Uloga obnovljivih izvora energije na određivanje cijene električne energije u Španjolskoj. Ekonometrički pristup maksimalne entropije

The liberalization of electricity markets in Europe aims to increase competition, thus decreasing electricity prices for the consumers, including households. Moreover, the electricity generated from renewable energies (RES-E) is physically integrated into the electricity market and can influence electricity prices. This paper presents the impact of the liberalization process in the Spanish electricity market and the impact of RES-E on household electricity prices. However, as the electricity market liberalization is relatively recent, the related data is limited, and even when trying to estimate the electricity price models through regression procedures a dimensionality problem presents itself. Therefore, in this paper a Maximum Entropy Econometric approach is used that allows for the estimation of models when information is limited. The obtained results suggest that the use of wind energy in electricity generation can contribute to the reduction of electricity prices. However, the electricity generated from hard coal increases the electricity prices. Results also reveal that energy dependence also has an important effect on electricity prices.Cilj liberalizacije tržišta električne energije u Europi je povećanje konkurencije čime bi se smanjila cijena električne energije za potrošače, uključujući i kućanstva. Štoviše, električna energija dobivena iz obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE-E) je fizički integrirana u tržište te može utjecati na cijenu. Ovaj članak prikazuje utjecaj procesa liberalizacije na španjolsko tržište električne energije i utjecaj OIE-E na cijenu električne energije u kućanstvima. Pošto je liberalizacija tržišta električne energije relativno nov pojam, relevantni podatci su ograničeni i kad se pokušavaju koristiti modeli procijene cijena električne energije regresijom, javlja se problem veličine. Zbog toga je u ovom članku primijenjen ekonometrički pristup maksimalne entropije koji dozvoljava korištenje modela procijene čak i kad su podatci ograničeni. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na to da bi korištenje energije vjetra moglo doprinijeti smanjenju cijene električne energije dok ju korištenje antracita povećava. Rezultati također otkrivaju da ovisnost o uvozu energije također ima značajan utjecaj na cijenu

Uloga obnovljivih izvora energije na određivanje cijene električne energije u Španjolskoj. Ekonometrički pristup maksimalne entropije

The liberalization of electricity markets in Europe aims to increase competition, thus decreasing electricity prices for the consumers, including households. Moreover, the electricity generated from renewable energies (RES-E) is physically integrated into the electricity market and can influence electricity prices. This paper presents the impact of the liberalization process in the Spanish electricity market and the impact of RES-E on household electricity prices. However, as the electricity market liberalization is relatively recent, the related data is limited, and even when trying to estimate the electricity price models through regression procedures a dimensionality problem presents itself. Therefore, in this paper a Maximum Entropy Econometric approach is used that allows for the estimation of models when information is limited. The obtained results suggest that the use of wind energy in electricity generation can contribute to the reduction of electricity prices. However, the electricity generated from hard coal increases the electricity prices. Results also reveal that energy dependence also has an important effect on electricity prices.Cilj liberalizacije tržišta električne energije u Europi je povećanje konkurencije čime bi se smanjila cijena električne energije za potrošače, uključujući i kućanstva. Štoviše, električna energija dobivena iz obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE-E) je fizički integrirana u tržište te može utjecati na cijenu. Ovaj članak prikazuje utjecaj procesa liberalizacije na španjolsko tržište električne energije i utjecaj OIE-E na cijenu električne energije u kućanstvima. Pošto je liberalizacija tržišta električne energije relativno nov pojam, relevantni podatci su ograničeni i kad se pokušavaju koristiti modeli procijene cijena električne energije regresijom, javlja se problem veličine. Zbog toga je u ovom članku primijenjen ekonometrički pristup maksimalne entropije koji dozvoljava korištenje modela procijene čak i kad su podatci ograničeni. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na to da bi korištenje energije vjetra moglo doprinijeti smanjenju cijene električne energije dok ju korištenje antracita povećava. Rezultati također otkrivaju da ovisnost o uvozu energije također ima značajan utjecaj na cijenu

Medical and Surgical Treatment for Overactive Bladder

In this chapter, we focus on the medical treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. The treatment of choice of the OAB syndrome is still the anticholinergic therapy, although we must consider β3‐agonists with almost the same evidence. No drug has been shown to be clearly superior to the rest. The use of oxybutynin transdermal should be considered when the side effects due to the oral administration are intolerable. In elderly patients, first efforts should be directed to use non‐drug therapies, such as behavioural therapy. In patients suffering from cognitive dysfunctions, the use of antimuscarinic with caution is recommended. Mirabegron, a β3‐agonist, can be offered, although it should be noted that the long‐term effects are still unknown. The logical second‐line treatment is the intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A, considering its temporary effectiveness and the possibility of retention. In some centres, sacral nerve stimulation may be an option. Surgical treatment should be reserved when conservative therapies fail

Working Group on Governance of the Regional Database & Estimation System (WGRDBES-GOV; Outputs from 2020 meeting)

The Working Group on Governance of the Regional Database & Estimation System (WGRDBESGOV) provides the governance function for both the existing Regional Database (RDB) and the new Regional Database & Estimation System (RDBES) that is currently in development. It is composed of representatives from ICES member countries and EU Regional Coordination Groups (RCGs). In this report, the WGRDBESGOV reviews the RDBES developments performed during 2020 and plans for the work required in 2021 and beyond. It also considers how RDB data has been used and proposes changes required to the current Data Policy. The RDBES is currently planned to replace both the existing ICES InterCatch and RDB database systems and has an important part to play in increasing transparency and improving the quality of stock assessment within ICES. To this end, two workshops have been planned for 2021 which will help data submitters with the transition to the new system. A new working group is also proposed to enable the ICES community to move forward with estimation using the RDBES data model. Following on from the data call issued in 2020, another test data call is also planned for 2021 which will give further motivation for people to become involved and provide a robust test of the process. The RDB and RDBES must ensure that data can be used by the RCGs and authorised groups in ICES whilst ensuring that only permitted users have access to the confidential data – the rules relating to this have previously been defined in the RDB Data Policy. In line with discussions at the ICES Data and Information Group (DIG), it is proposed to split the current Data Policy into two new documents: a Data License, and a Data Governance document. It is important to remember that the ultimate success of the RDBES will rely on the effort and contributions from a large number of people in the wider ICES/EU data collection community and not just the relatively small groups who attend the WGRDBESGOV or Core Group meetings. The WGRDBESGOV continues to encourage these contributions

Safety and efficacy of ribociclib plus letrozole in patients with HR+, HER2– advanced breast cancer: Results from the Spanish sub-population of the phase 3b CompLEEment-1 trial

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Spanish women. Ribociclib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) has shown superiority in prolonging survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) vs. ET alone.Methods: CompLEEment-1 is a single-arm, open-label phase 3b trial evaluating ribociclib plus letrozole in a broad population of patients with HR+, HER2- ABC. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Here we report data for Spanish patients enrolled in CompLEEment-1.Results: A total of 526 patients were evaluated (median follow-up: 26.97 months). Baseline characteristics showed a diverse population with a median age of 54 years. At study entry, 56.5% of patients had visceral metastases and 8.7% had received prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Rates of all-grade and Grade >= 3 adverse events (AEs) were 99.0% and 76.2%, respectively; 21.3% of patients experienced a serious AE, and 15.8% of AEs led to treatment discontinuation. AEs of special interest of neutropenia, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase and QTcF prolongation occurred in 77.8%, 14.8%, 11.4% and 4.0% of patients, respectively. Patients aged >70 years experienced increased rates of all-grade and Grade >= 3 neutropenia and anemia. Efficacy results were consistent with the global study.Conclusions: Results from Spanish patients enrolled in CompLEEment-1 are consistent with global data showing efficacy and a manageable safety profile for ribociclib plus letrozole treatment in patients with HR+, HER2-ABC, including populations of interest (NCT02941926).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0294192

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006). The funders played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation and/or publication decisions