Produção forrageira de gramíneas cultivadas sob luminosidade reduzida

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de três níveis de sombreamento artificial (0,30 e 60%) sobre a produção de matéria seca, a concentração de nitrogênio e as características morfológicas de seis espécies de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais (Andropogon gayanus, cv. Planaltina, Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu, B. decumbens, Melinis minutiflora, Panicum maximum, cv. Vencedor, e Setaria anceps, cv. Kazungula). Foi usado delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições; nas parcelas foram distribuídos os níveis de sombreamento e nas subparcelas, as espécies forrageiras. Os resultados demonstram que o sombreamento influenciou a produção de matéria seca, a concentração de N e as características morfológicas das espécies avaliadas. A produção forrageira foi influenciada diferencialmente pelo sombreamento. A produção de matéria seca do P. maximum, cv. Vencedor foi 19,72% maior à sombra moderada que a pleno sol. A produção de S. anceps, cv. Kazungula, entretanto, não foi influenciada pelo sombreamento. As demais espécies tiveram decréscimo da produção de matéria seca com a redução da luminosidade. Em todas as espécies, houve aumento da concentração de N e redução do teor de matéria seca da forragem, que se tornou mais suculenta à sombra. As características morfológicas não apresentaram comportamento padrão, variando conforme a espécie avaliada.The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of three levels of artificial shade (0, 30 and 60%) on dry matter production, nitrogen content and morphological characteristics of six forage grasses (Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B. decumbens, Melinis minutiflora, Panicum maximum cv. Vencedor and Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula). A randomized block design, with split plots and four replicates, was used; the shading levels were allotted to the plots and the species to the split plots. The results showed that shading affected the production of dry matter, the nitrogen content and the morphological characteristics of the evaluated species. The production of forage was differentially affected by the shade. The dry matter production of P. maximum cv. Vencedor was 19.72% higher, at moderate shade than in broad daylight. The forage production of S. anceps cv. Kazungula, however, was not affected by the shade. The dry matter production of other species decreased with the reduction of the light. In all species there was an increase of N content and reduction of the content of dry matter of the forage, which became juicier in the shade. The morphological characteristics did not show a standard behavior, which varied according to the studied specie

KIT mutation analysis in mast cell neoplasms: recommendations of the European competence network on mastocytosis

Although acquired mutations in KIT are commonly detected in various categories of mastocytosis, the methodologies applied to detect and quantify the mutant type and allele burden in cells and various tissues are poorly defined. We here propose a consensus on methodologies used to detect KIT mutations in patients with mastocytosis at diagnosis and during follow up with sufficient precision and sensitivity in daily practice. In addition, we provide recommendations for sampling and storage of diagnostic material as well as a robust diagnostic algorithm. Using highly-sensitive assays, KIT D816V can be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from most patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) which is a major step forward in screening and SM diagnosis. In addition, the KIT D816V allele burden can be followed quantitatively during the natural course or during therapy. Our recommendations should greatly facilitate diagnostic and follow up investigations in SM in daily practice as well as in clinical trials. In addition, the new tools and algorithms proposed should lead to a more effective screen, early diagnosis of SM, and help to avoid unnecessary referral

An International MDS/MPN Working Group's perspective and recommendations on molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical characterization of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms

In the 2008 WHO classification, chronic myeloid malignancies that share both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features define the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative group, which includes chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative unclassified. With the notable exception of refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis, there is much overlap among the various subtypes at the molecular and clinical levels, and a better definition of these entities, an understanding of their biology and an identification of subtype-specific molecular or cellular markers are needed. To address some of these challenges, a panel comprised of laboratory and clinical experts in myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative was established, and four independent academic MDS/MPN workshops were held on: 9th March 2013, in Miami, Florida, USA; 6th December 2013, in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; 13th June 2014 in Milan, Italy; and 5th December 2014 in San Francisco, USA. During these meetings, the current understanding of these malignancies and matters of biology, diagnosis and management were discussed. This perspective and the recommendations on molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical characterization for adult onset myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative is the result of a collaborative project endorsed and supported by the MDS Foundatio

An international consortium proposal of uniform response criteria for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) in adults

MDS/MPN are hematologically diverse stem cell malignancies sharing phenotypic features of both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Currently there are no standard treatment recommendations for most adult patients with MDS/MPN. In order to optimize efforts to improve the management and disease outcomes it is essential to identify meaningful clinical and biologic endpoints, and standardized response criteria for clinical trials. The dual dysplastic and proliferative features in these stem cell malignancies define their uniqueness and challenges. We propose response assessment guidelines to harmonize future clinical trials with the principal objective of establishing suitable treatment algorithms. An international panel comprised of laboratory and clinical experts in MDS/MPN was established involving three independent academic MDS/MPN workshops (March 2013, Dec 2013, and June 2014). These recommendations are the result of this collaborative project sponsored by the MDS Foundation