A General Framework for Static Profiling of Parametric Resource Usage

Traditional static resource analyses estimate the total resource usage of a program, without executing it. In this paper we present a novel resource analysis whose aim is instead the static profiling of accumulated cost, i.e., to discover, for selected parts of the program, an estimate or bound of the resource usage accumulated in each of those parts. Traditional resource analyses are parametric in the sense that the results can be functions on input data sizes. Our static profiling is also parametric, i.e., our accumulated cost estimates are also parameterized by input data sizes. Our proposal is based on the concept of cost centers and a program transformation that allows the static inference of functions that return bounds on these accumulated costs depending on input data sizes, for each cost center of interest. Such information is much more useful to the software developer than the traditional resource usage functions, as it allows identifying the parts of a program that should be optimized, because of their greater impact on the total cost of program executions. We also report on our implementation of the proposed technique using the CiaoPP program analysis framework, and provide some experimental results. This paper is under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.Comment: Paper presented at the 32nd International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2016), New York City, USA, 16-21 October 2016, 22 pages, LaTe

Towards Energy Consumption Verification via Static Analysis

In this paper we leverage an existing general framework for resource usage verification and specialize it for verifying energy consumption specifications of embedded programs. Such specifications can include both lower and upper bounds on energy usage, and they can express intervals within which energy usage is to be certified to be within such bounds. The bounds of the intervals can be given in general as functions on input data sizes. Our verification system can prove whether such energy usage specifications are met or not. It can also infer the particular conditions under which the specifications hold. To this end, these conditions are also expressed as intervals of functions of input data sizes, such that a given specification can be proved for some intervals but disproved for others. The specifications themselves can also include preconditions expressing intervals for input data sizes. We report on a prototype implementation of our approach within the CiaoPP system for the XC language and XS1-L architecture, and illustrate with an example how embedded software developers can use this tool, and in particular for determining values for program parameters that ensure meeting a given energy budget while minimizing the loss in quality of service.Comment: Presented at HIP3ES, 2015 (arXiv: 1501.03064

An Approach to Static Performance Guarantees for Programs with Run-time Checks

Instrumenting programs for performing run-time checking of properties, such as regular shapes, is a common and useful technique that helps programmers detect incorrect program behaviors. This is specially true in dynamic languages such as Prolog. However, such run-time checks inevitably introduce run-time overhead (in execution time, memory, energy, etc.). Several approaches have been proposed for reducing such overhead, such as eliminating the checks that can statically be proved to always succeed, and/or optimizing the way in which the (remaining) checks are performed. However, there are cases in which it is not possible to remove all checks statically (e.g., open libraries which must check their interfaces, complex properties, unknown code, etc.) and in which, even after optimizations, these remaining checks still may introduce an unacceptable level of overhead. It is thus important for programmers to be able to determine the additional cost due to the run-time checks and compare it to some notion of admissible cost. The common practice used for estimating run-time checking overhead is profiling, which is not exhaustive by nature. Instead, we propose a method that uses static analysis to estimate such overhead, with the advantage that the estimations are functions parameterized by input data sizes. Unlike profiling, this approach can provide guarantees for all possible execution traces, and allows assessing how the overhead grows as the size of the input grows. Our method also extends an existing assertion verification framework to express "admissible" overheads, and statically and automatically checks whether the instrumented program conforms with such specifications. Finally, we present an experimental evaluation of our approach that suggests that our method is feasible and promising.Comment: 15 pages, 3 tables; submitted to ICLP'18, accepted as technical communicatio

Infections due to rare Cryptococcus species: a literature review

Infections due to rare Cryptococcus species (other than C. neoformans species complex, C. gattii species complex, C. albidus or C. laurentii) are barely reported. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive literature review of all the papers describing infections due to these species referenced in the main databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar). Clinical and epidemiological data together with laboratory findings (identification and antifungal susceptibility) of each isolate were analyzed. Fifty-eight cryptococosis due to rare species were described in 46 papers between 1934-2018. These reports included 16 rare Cryptococcus spp. that were generally associated with nervous system infections and fungemias. Some species are non-capsulated and are not able to grow at 37 °C. Few species were identified by commercially available methods, making internal transcriber spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 regions sequencing mandatory. The most potent antifungal was amphotericin B (although some species showed high MIC values). The studied strains showed high MICs values to 5-fluorocytosine (all >64 µg/mL), echinocandins (all >8 µg/mL), and fluconazole (>80% of the MICs >4 µg/mL). Due to the scarcity of the data and the absence of guidelines for the treatment of these infections, this review could be informative and could help in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.Fil: Morales Lopez, Soraya E.. Universidad Popular del Cesar; ColombiaFil: Garcia, Guillermo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentin

La trascendentalidad como fundamento de la metafísica de Zubiri

I develop my arguments about the linkages and relationships between the essence and that which is transcendental and how Zubiri’s wordly metaphysics is based on  transcendentality, understood as a sense of reality. This a new starting point for a metaphysics that appears with the reflection on the problematism of reality, not merely from abstract speculation, and results in the possibility of an aesthetic transcendentalism that understands the richness of reality from different, enriching perspectives. We do this considering, as we know from Derrida’s deconstructionism, that it is possible to overcome the semantic limits of language. This is confirmed by a logic of discourse that is based on a hermeneutics that allows considerable flexibility in metaphysical speculation.Desarrollo mis argumentaciones acerca de los vínculos y relaciones entre la esencia y lo transcendental y sobre cómo la metafísica intramundana de Zubiri se basa en la transcendentalidad, entendida como impresión de realidad. Esto supone un nuevo punto de partida para una metafísica que surge con la reflexión sobre el problematismo de la realidad y no simplemente en la pura especulación abstracta, y tiene como consecuencia la posibilidad de un transcendentalismo estético que comprenda la riqueza de lo real desde perspectivas más diversas y enriquecedoras. Considerando que como ya se sabe desde el deconstruccionismo derridiano es posible la superación de ciertos límites semánticos del lenguaje. Algo que se reafirma con una lógica del discurso que se fundamenta en una hermenéutica que admite una considerable flexibilidad en la especulación metafísica

Control Interno en la Cooperativa de Servicios Múltiples El Esfuerzo-San Antonio R.L (COOSMESA R.L) del Municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa en el I semestre del año 2013

El presente Seminario de Graduación en estudio trata sobre Sistema Contable y Control Interno en las Cooperativas del Departamento de Matagalpa en el primer semestre del año 2013, surge con el propósito de evaluar los procedimientos de Control Interno Administrativo y Financiero y la forma en que estos se aplican en todas las áreas lo cual permitirá que se ejecuten las operaciones de manera objetiva y se alcancen las metas propuestas. El tema en estudio es de gran importancia ya que nos brinda una visión clara y precisa de las debilidades que día a día se pasan por alto en el transcurso del ejercicio económico en la Cooperativa “El Esfuerzo San Antonio” lo cual implica la implementación de mejores medidas para salvaguardar los activos de la Cooperativa y fortalecer la prevención de fraudes y errores, así como el cumplimiento de metas y objetivos estratégicos. Con el presente trabajo, se determinó que en la Cooperativa de Servicios Múltiples “El Esfuerzo –San Antonio” implementa un sistema manual, el cual no cuenta con un adecuado sistema de Control Interno. Referente a los procedimientos administrativos se puede apreciar el incumplimiento de la segregación de funciones así como la falta de correspondencia entre los Controles Internos existentes y el alcance de los objetivos. Se propone un Manual de Control Interno como guía para la ejecución de las operaciones realizadas, con énfasis en las áreas existentes en la Cooperativa a fin de que su aplicación contribuya al eficiente desempeño de las actividade