Author Correction: Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes identifies driver rearrangements promoted by LINE-1 retrotransposition

Correction to: Nature Genetics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0562-0, published online 05 February 2020

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Color Stability, Surface Roughness, and Surface Porosity of Acrylic Resins for Eye Sclera Polymerized by Different Heat Sources

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability, surface roughness, and surface porosity of acrylic resins for eye sclera polymerized by different heat sources and submitted to accelerated artificial aging (AAA). Materials and Methods: Three groups of ten specimens each were formed according to the heat source used during the polymerization cycle: GI-short cycle, GII-long cycle, and GIII-dry-heat oven. The groups were submitted to color spectrophotometry through the CIE L*a*b* system and to surface roughness and porosity analysis using a Surfcorder IF 1700 profilometer. After the tests, specimens were submitted to AAA, with a maximum aging time of 384 hours, corresponding to a year of clinical use. After aging, the color and roughness of each group were assessed. Results: The results showed that the variability of Delta E was clinically unacceptable for all groups but the method of polymerization was insignificant (p > 0.05) for color change. For roughness, polymerization cycle was significant for the results. GIII (0.23 +/- 0.06) presented the highest roughness difference (before and after AAA), statistically significant (p < 0.05) from GII. No statistically significant difference could be found among groups when considering the porosity test. Conclusion: It may be concluded that irrespective of the type of heat used for polymerization, there was an intense color alteration, to clinically unacceptable levels, when the specimens were submitted to AAA. For the other properties, alterations were less intense.1915257Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [05/54044-2

Water sorption and solubility of dentin bonding agents light-cured with different light sources

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare water sorption (WS) and solubility (WSB) of different dentin bonding agents (DBA) as regards classification and light-activation system. The null hypotheses were: (1) there is no difference among DBA with respect to water sorption and solubility; (2) there is no effect of light-curing source on water sorption and solubility of DBA. Methods: The tested materials were: three-step etch-and-rinse (ScotchBond multi-purpose and Heliobond-control groups), two-step etch-and-rinse (Excite, Adper Single Bond, Adper Single Bond 2), self-etching (Adhse) and all-in-one (Xeno III) systems. For each material, six specimens were prepared (0.8 mm x 5.5 mm) for each light-activation device: halogen lamp (control) or light-emitting diodes (LED). They were transferred to desiccators until a constant mass was obtained (m(1)), subsequently immersed in deionized water until no alteration was obtained (m(2)). Following, the specimens were reconditioned to constant mass in desiccators (m(3)). The volume (V) of each specimen was calculated (mm(3)). WS and WSB were determined using the equations (m(2) - m(3)/V) and (m(3) - m(1)/V), respectively. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (p < 0.05). The influence of photo-activation units was analyzed by t-test. Results: Higher values of WS and WSB were observed for the two-step etch-and-rinse and all-in-one systems. The employed light-activation unit also affected the tested characteristics. Thus, the anticipated null hypotheses were rejected. Conclusions: Simplified systems were more susceptible to water adverse and they may become more prone to degradation over time regardless of the type of light-activation source. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.35325325

EFFECT OF AN ADDITIONAL HYDROPHILIC VERSUS HYDROPHOBIC COAT ON THE QUALITY OF DENTINAL SEALING PROVIDED BY TWO-STEP ETCH-AND-RINSE ADHESIVES

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Objective: To test the hypothesis that the quality of the dentinal sealing provided by two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives cannot be altered by the addition of an extra layer of the respective adhesive or the application of a more hydrophobic, non-solvated resin. Material and Methods: full-crown preparations were acid-etched with phosphoric acid for 15 s and bonded with Adper Single Bond (3M ESPE), Excite DSC (Ivoclar/Vivadent) or Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply). The adhesives were used according to the manufacturers' instructions (control groups) or after application to dentin they were a) covered with an extra coat of each respective system or b) coated with a non-solvated bonding agent (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive, 3M ESPE). Fluid flow rate was measured before and after dentin surfaces were acid-etched and bonded with adhesives. Results: None of the adhesives or experimental treatments was capable to block completely the fluid transudation across the treated dentin. Application of an extra coat of the adhesive did not reduce the fluid flow rate of adhesive-bonded dentin (p > 0.05). Conversely, the application of a more hydrophobic non-solvated resin resulted in significant reductions in the fluid flow rate (p < 0.05) for all tested adhesives. Conclusions: The quality of the dentinal sealing provided by etch-and-rinse adhesives can be significantly improved by the application of a more hydrophobic, non-solvated bonding agent.173184189Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [474226/03-4, 305300/04-0, 300615/2007-8, 473164/2007-8]FAPESP [03/11721-9, 03/04672-1

Residual bacteriome after chemomechanical preparation of root canals in primary and secondary infections

Secondary infections may be linked to the presence of residual microorganisms within dental root canals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition of primary and secondary root canal infections, before and after chemomechanical treatment. Samples were collected before chemomechanical preparation (S1) and prior obturation (S2) from 19 subjects (10 primary and 9 secondary infections). DNA was extracted and the V3/V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene was amplified using the 347F/803R primers and paired-end sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq instrument. Sequencing analysis yielded partial 16S rRNA gene sequences that were taxonomically classified into 10 phyla and 143 genera. The most prevalent phyla in S1 and S2 samples were found to be Firmicutes and Bacteroides, however, when comparing between sample groups, Proteobacteria seem to have been enriched in secondary infections. The dominant genera in the primary S1 samples were Bacillus, Streptococcus and Prevotella while Bacillus, Streptococcus and Selenomonas dominated the secondary infection S1 samples. Bacillus and Marinilactibacillus were the most dominant genera in primary and secondary S2. The mean number of OTUs per sample was 32,656 (±12,124 SD) and 37,113 (± 16,994 SD) in S1 and S2 samples, respectively. Alpha and Beta diversities presented the same pattern within samples from both groups. Great inter-individual variations in the bacterial composition of the root canal biofilms were observed. There was no difference in the bacterial composition before and after treatment, although some genera survived and seems to be part of a residual microbiome. Our findings revealed a high diversity of the bacterial communities present in root canal infections after chemomechanical treatment, although the majority of the taxa detected were in low abundance

Pair suppression caused by mosaic-twist defects in superconducting Sr<inf>2</inf>RuO<inf>4</inf> thin-films prepared using pulsed laser deposition

Sr2RuO4 is a prototypical unconventional superconductor, but the superconducting symmetries of the bulk and surface states in single crystals remains controversial. Solving this problem is impeded by the challenge of producing thin-films of Sr2RuO4 free of defects and impurities which annihilate the superconductivity. Here, we report the reliable growth of superconducting Sr2RuO4 thin-films by pulsed laser deposition and identify the universal material properties that are destructive to the superconducting state. We demonstrate that careful control of the starting material is essential to achieve superconductivity as well as the use of a single crystal target of Sr3Ru2O7. By systematically varying the Sr2RuO4 film thickness, we identify mosaic twist as the key in-plane defect that suppresses superconductivity. These results are central to the development of our understanding of unconventional superconductivity