The flavor problem and discrete symmetries

In this letter we propose a multi-Higgs extension of the standard model with Abelian and non-Abelian discrete symmetries in which the mass matrices of the charged fermions obtained from renormalizable interactions are diagonal. Corrections induced by non-renormalizable interactions deviate these matrices from the diagonal form. Active neutrinos acquire mass only from non-renormalizable interactions. The main entries of the neutrino mass matrix arise only through dimension five operators, while the diagonal entries arise only from dimension six operators.Comment: 9 pages, no figures; Report No. corrected; new references added. Version to be published in PL

Inheritance Of Growth Habit Detected By Genetic Linkage Analysis Using Microsatellites In The Common Bean (phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

The genetic linkage map for the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a valuable tool for breeding programs. Breeders provide new cultivars that meet the requirements of farmers and consumers, such as seed color, seed size, maturity, and growth habit. A genetic study was conducted to examine the genetics behind certain qualitative traits. Growth habit is usually described as a recessive trait inherited by a single gene, and there is no consensus about the position of the locus. The aim of this study was to develop a new genetic linkage map using genic and genomic microsatellite markers and three morphological traits: growth habit, flower color, and pod tip shape. A mapping population consisting of 380 recombinant F10 lines was generated from IAC-UNA × CAL143. A total of 871 microsatellites were screened for polymorphisms among the parents, and a linkage map was obtained with 198 mapped microsatellites. The total map length was 1865.9 cM, and the average distance between markers was 9.4 cM. Flower color and pod tip shape were mapped and segregated at Mendelian ratios, as expected. The segregation ratio and linkage data analyses indicated that the determinacy growth habit was inherited as two independent and dominant genes, and a genetic model is proposed for this trait. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.274549560Adam-Blondom, A.M., Sévignac, M., Dron, M., A genetic map of common bean to localize specific resistance genes against anthracnose (1994) Genome, 37, pp. 915-924Al-Mukhtar, F.A., Coyne, D.P., Inheritance and association of flower, ovule, seed, pod and maturity characters in dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1981) J Am Soc Hort Sci, 106, pp. 713-719Arumuganathan, K., Earle, E.D., Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species (1991) Plant Mol Biol, 9, pp. 208-218Bai, Y., Michaels, T.E., Pauls, K.P., Identification of RAPD markers linked to common bacterial blight resistance genes in Phaseolus vulgaris L (1997) Genome, 40, pp. 544-551Basset, M.J., A revised linkage map of common bean (1991) Hort Sci, 26, pp. 834-836Benchimol, L.L., Campos, T., Carbonell, S.A.M., Colombo, C.A., Chioratto, A.F., Formighieri, E.F., Gouvea, L.R.L., Souza, A.P., Structure of genetic diversity among common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties of Mesoamerican and Andean origins using new developed microsatellite markers (2007) Genet Res Crop Evol, 54, pp. 1747-1762Blair, M.W., Pedraza, F., Buedia, H.F., Gaitán-Solís, E., Beebe, S.E., Gepts, P., Tohme, J., Development of a genome-wide anchored microsatellite map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2003) Theor Appl Genet, 107, pp. 1362-1374Blair, M.W., Giraldo, M.C., Buendia, H.F., Tovar, E., Duque, M.C., Beebe, S.E., Microsatellite marker diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2006) Theor Appl Genet, 113, pp. 100-109Blair, M.W., Iriarte, G., Beebe, S., QTL analysis of yield traits in an advanced backcross population derived from a cultivated Andean × wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cross (2006) Theor Appl Genet, 112, pp. 1149-1163Blair, M.W., Buendía, H.F., Giraldo, M.C., Métais, I., Peltier, D., Characterization of AT-rich microsatellites in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2008) Theor Appl Genet, 118, pp. 91-103Blair, M.W., Díaz, L.M., Buendía, H.F., Duque, M.C., Genetic diversity, seed size associations and population structure of a core collection in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2009) Theor Appl Genet, 119, pp. 955-972Buso, G.S.C., Amaral, Z.P.S., Brondani, R.P.V., Ferreira, M.E., Microsatellite markers for the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (2006) Mol Ecol Notes, 6, pp. 252-254Caixeta, E.T., Borém, A., Kelly, J.D., Development of microsatellite markers based on BAC common bean clones (2005) Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol, 5, pp. 125-133Campos, T., Benchimol, L.L., Carbonell, S.A.M., Chioratto, A.F., Formighieri, E.F., Souza, A.P., Microsatellites for genetic studies and breeding programs in common bean (2007) Pesq Agropec Bras, 42, pp. 589-592Cardoso, J.M.K., Oblessuc, P.R., Campos, T., Sforça, D.A., Carbonell, S.A.M., Chioratto, A.F., Formighieri, E.E., Benchimol, L.L., New microsatellite markers developed from an enriched microsatellite common bean library (2008) Pesq Agropec Bras, 43, pp. 929-936Condit, R., Hubbell, S.P., Abundance and DNA sequence of two-base regions in tropical tree genomes (1991) Genome, 34, pp. 66-71Creste, S., Tulmann, A., Figueira, A., Detection of single sequence repeat polymorphism in denaturating polyacrylamide sequencing gels by silver staining (2001) Plant Mol Biol, 19, pp. 299-306Creusot, F., Macadré, C., Ferrier Cana, E., Riou, C., Geffroy, V., Sévignac, M., Dron, M., Langin, T., Cloning and molecular characterization of three members of the NBS-LRR subfamily located in the vicinity of the Co-2 locus for anthracnose resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris (1999) Genome, 42, pp. 254-264David, P., Chen, N.W.G., Pedrosa-Harand, A., Thareau, V., Sévignac, M., Cannon, S.B., Debouck, D., Geffroy, V., A nomadic subtelomeric disease resistance gene cluster in common bean (2009) Plant Physiol, 151, pp. 1048-1065Freyre, C.I., Skroch, P., Geffroy, V., Adam-Blondon, A.F., Shirmohamadali, A., Johnson, W., Llaca, V., Gepts, P., Towards an integrated linkage map of common bean. 4. Development of a core map and alignment of RFLP maps (1998) Theor Appl Genet, 97, pp. 847-856Gaitán-Solís, E., Duque, M.C., Edwards, K.J., Tohme, J., Microsatmap of Phaseolus vulgaris L.ellite in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): isolation, characterization, and cross-species amplification in-Phaseolus ssp (2002) Crop Sci, 42, pp. 2128-2136Geffroy, V., Macadré, C., David, P., Pedrosa-Harand, A., Sevignac, M., Dauga, C., Langin, T., Molecular analysis of a large subtelomeric nucleotide binding-site-leucine-rich-repeat family in two representative genotypes of the major gene pools of Phaseolus vulgaris (2009) Genetics, 181, pp. 405-419Gepts, P.R., Nodari, R., Tsai, R., Koinange, E.M.K., Llaca, V., Gilbertson, R., Guzman, P., Linkage mapping in common bean (1993) Annu Rep Bean Improve Coop, 36, pp. 24-38Grisi, M.C.M., Blair, M.W., Gepts, P., Brondani, C., Pereira, P.A.A., Brondani, R.P.V., Genetic mapping of a new set of microsatellite markers in a reference common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) population BAT93 × Jalo EEP558 (2007) Genet Mol Res, 6, pp. 691-706Guerra-Sanz, J.M., New SSR markers of Phaseolus vulgaris from sequence databases (2004) Plant Breed, 123, pp. 87-89Guo, X., Castill-Ramirez, S., Gonzalez, V., Bustos, P., Fernandez-Vazgueq, J.L., Santamaria, R.I., Arellano, J., Davila, G., Rapid evolutionary change of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plastome, and the genomic diversification of legume chloroplasts (2007) BMC Genomics, 8, p. 228Hackuf, B., Wehling, P., Identification of microsatellite polymorphism in an expressed portion of rye genome (2002) Plant Breed, 121, pp. 17-25Hanai, L.R., Campos, T., Camargo, L.E.A., Benchimol, L.L., Souza, A.P., Melloto, M., Carbonell, S.A.M., Vieira, M.L.C., Development, characterization, and comparative analysis of polymorphism at common bean SSR loci isolated from genic and genomic sources (2007) Genome, 50, pp. 266-277Harper, G.L., Maclean, N., Goulson, D., Microsatellite markers to assess the influence of population size, isolation and demographic change on the genetic structure of the UK butterfly Polyommatus bellargus (2003) Mol Ecol, 12, pp. 3349-3357Hoisington, D., Khairallah, M., González-de-León, D., (1994) Laboratory Protocols: CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory, , 2nd edn., Mexico, DF: CIMMYTHougaard, B.K., Madsen, L.H., Sandal, N., Moretzsohn, M.C., Fredslund, J., Schauser, L., Nielsen, A.M., Stougaard, J., Legume anchor markers link syntenic regions between Phaseolus vulgaris, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and Arachis (2008) Genetics, 179, pp. 2299-2312Koinange, E.M.K., Singh, S.P., Gepts, P., Genetic control of the domestication syndrome in common bean (1996) Crop Sci, 36, pp. 1037-1045Kornegay, J., White, J.W., Cruz, O.O., Growth habit and gene pool effects on inheritance of yield in common bean (1992) Euphytica, 62, pp. 171-180Kosambi, D.D., The estimation of map distances from recombination values (1944) Ann Eugen, 12, pp. 172-175Kwak, M., Velasco, D., Gepts, P., Mapping homologous sequences for determinacy and photoperiod sensitivity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (2008) J Hered, 99, pp. 283-291Lamprecht, H., Zur Genetik von Phaseolus vulgaris. X. Über Infloreszenztypen und ihre Vererbung (1935) Hereditas, 20, pp. 71-93Lamprecht, H., Zur Genetik von Phaseolus vulgaris. XIV. Über die Wirkung der Gene P, C, J, Ins, Can, G, B, V, Vir, Och und Flav (1939) Hereditas, 25, pp. 255-288Lander, E.S., Green, P., Abrahamson, J., Barlow, A., Daly, M.J., Lincoln, S.E., Newburg, L., Mapmaker: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations (1987) Genomics, 1, pp. 174-181Lynch, M., Walsh, B., (1998) Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits, , 980p, Sunderland: Sinauer AssociatesMcClean, P.E., Lee, P.K., Otto, C., Getps, P., Bassett, M.J., Molecular and phenotypic mapping of genes controlling seed coat pattern and color in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2002) J Hered, 93, pp. 148-152Métais, I., Hamon, B., Jalouzot, R., Peltier, D., Structure and level of genetic diversity in various bean types evidenced with microsatellite markers isolated from a genomic enriched library (2002) Theor Appl Genet, 104, pp. 1346-1352Mollinari, M., Margarido, G.R.A., Vencovsky, R., Garcia, A.A.F., Evaluation of algorithms used to order markers on genetic maps (2009) Heredity, 103, pp. 494-502Moore, S.S., Hale, P., Byrne, K., NCAM: a polymorphic microsatellite locus conserved across eutherian mammal species (1998) Anim Genet, 29, pp. 33-36Murray, J., Larsen, J., Michaels, T.E., Schaafsma, A., Vallejos, C.E., Pauls, K.P., Identification of putative genes in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genomic (Bng) RFLP clones and their conversion to STSs (2002) Genome, 45, pp. 1013-1024Nodari, R.O., Tsai, S.M., Gilbertson, R.L., Gepts, P., Towards an integrated map of common bean-2: development of a RFLP-based linkage map (1993) Theor Appl Genet, 85, pp. 513-520Oliveira, K.M., Pinto, L.R., Marconi, T.G., Molinari, M., Ulian, E.C., Chabregas, S.M., Falco, M.C., Souza, A.P., Characterization of new polymorphic functional markers for sugarcane (2009) Genome, 52, pp. 191-209Pedrosa, A., Porch, T., Gepts, P., Standard nomenclature for common bean chromosomes and linkage groups (2008) Annu Rept Bean Improv Coop, 51, pp. 106-107Primmer, C.R., Raudsepp, T., Chowdhary, B.P., Møller, A.P., Ellegren, H., Low frequency of microsatellites in the avian genome (1997) Genome Res, 7, pp. 471-482Rico, C., Zadworny, D., Kuhnlein, U., Fitzgerald, G.J., Characterization of hypervariable microsatellite loci in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (1993) Mol Ecol, 2, pp. 271-272Rodríguez-Suárez, C., Méndez-Vigo, B., Pañeda, A., Ferreira, J.J., Giraldez, R., A genetic linkage map of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and localization of genes for specific resistance to six races of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) (2006) Theor Appl Genet, 114, pp. 713-722Rudorf, W., Genetics of Phaseolus aborigineus Burkart (1958) Proc X Intl Congr Genet, 2, p. 243. , (Abstr.)Schlueter, J.A., Goicoechea, J.L., Collura, K., Gill, N., Lin, J., Yu, Y., Kudrna, D., Jackson, S.A., BAC-end sequence analysis and a draft physical map of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genome (2008) Trop Plant Biol, 1, pp. 40-48Schuelke, M., An economic method for the fluorescent labeling of PCR fragments (2000) Nat Biotechnol, 18, pp. 233-234Shizhong, X., Quantitative trait locus mapping can benefit from segregation distortion (2008) Genetics, 180, pp. 2201-2208Singh, S., Nodari, R., Gepts, P., Genetic diversity in cultivated common bean. II. Marker-based analysis of morphological and agronomic traits (1991) Crop Sci, 31, pp. 23-29Ta'an, B., Michaels, T.E., Pauls, K.P., Identification of markers associated with quantitative traits in beans (2001) Annu Rep Bean Improve Coop, 44, pp. 9-10Tar'an, B., Michaels, T.E., Pauls, K.P., Genetic mapping of agronomic traits in common bean (2002) Crop Sci, 42, pp. 544-556Tautz, D., Renz, M., Simple sequence repeats are ubiquitous repetitive components of eukaryotic genomes (1984) Nucleic Acids Res, 12, pp. 4127-4137Vallejos, C.E., Sakiyama, N.S., Chase, C.D., A molecular marker-based linkage map of Phaseolus vulgaris L (1992) Genetics, 131, pp. 733-740Yaish, M.W.F., Pérez de la Vega, M., Isolation of (GA)n microsatellite sequences and description of a predicted MADS-box sequence isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2003) Genet Mol Biol, 26, pp. 337-342Yang, G.P., Shagai Maroof, M.A., Xu, C.G., Zhang, Q., Biyashev, R.M., Comparative analysis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism in landraces and cultivars of rice (1994) Mol Gen Genet, 245, pp. 187-194Yu, K., Park, S.J., Poysa, V., Abundance and variation of microsatellite DNA sequences in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna) (1999) Genome, 42, pp. 27-34Yu, K., Park, S.J., Poysa, V., Gepts, P., Integration of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers into a molecular linkage map of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2000) J Hered, 91, pp. 429-434Zhang, X., Blair, M.W., Wang, S., Genetic diversity of Chinese common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces assessed with simple sequence repeat markers (2008) Theor Appl Genet, 117, pp. 629-66

Foreword

[No abstract available]285