Ewing's sarcoma: epidemiology and prognosis for patients treated at the Pediatric Oncology Institute, IOP-GRAACC-UNIFESP

OBJECTIVE: To outline the epidemiological profile and prognosis for Ewing's sarcoma in the Brazilian population. Material and METHODS: The medical records of 64 patients with intraosseous Ewing's sarcoma who were treated at the Pediatric Oncology Institute, IOP-GRAACC-UNIFESP, between 1995 and 2010, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The statistical analysis on the data obtained did not correlate factors such as sex, trauma, pathological fracture and time taken for case diagnosis with the treatment outcome. Factors such as initial metastasis, lung metastasis, tumor site, age, recurrence and type of surgery showed results corroborating what has been established in the literature. CONCLUSION: The prognosis in cases of Ewing's sarcoma was mainly influenced by the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis.OBJETIVO: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico e o prognóstico do sarcoma de Ewing na população brasileira. Material e MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de 64 pacientes tratados, com sarcoma de Ewing intraósseo, no Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, IOP-GRAACC-UNIFESP, no período de 1995 a 2010. RESULTADOS: A análise estatística dos dados obtidos não correlacionou fatores como sexo, trauma, fratura patológica e tempo ao diagnóstico com o desfecho do tratamento. Fatores como metástase inicial, metástase pulmonar, local do tumor, idade, recidiva e tipo de cirurgia indicam resultados que corroboram a literatura consagrada. CONCLUSÃO: O prognóstico no sarcoma de Ewing foi influenciado principalmente pela presença de metástase ao diagnóstico.UNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

Evaluation of the bone microenvironment in breast and prostate carcinoma metastases

Objetivo: Analisar o microambiente ósseo nas metástases de carcinoma de mama e próstata. Métodos: Foram selecionados 25 pacientes entre os sexos feminino e masculino, portadores respectivamente de carcinomas metastáticos ósseos de mama e próstata. A análise dos pacientes se deu pela avaliação imuno-histoquimica com anticorpos anti-CD105 e por hematoxilina eosina para contagem de microvasos, osteoblastos e osteoclastos no nicho metastático do microambiente ósseo. Paciente amputados por causas vasculares foram utilizados como controle do estudo. Resultados: A expressão do CD105 foi observada nos tecidos vasculares da metástase e não em tecido normal ou células do nicho tumoral. O aumento de osteoblastos e osteoclastos acompanhou o crescimento de microvasos. Em relação aos diagnósticos e carcinoma de mama e próstata não houve diferença estatística na análise dos dados quanto a localização, expressão de CD105 e densidade de microvasos, contudo, o carcinoma de mama apresentou maior contagem de osteoblastos. Conclusões: A expressão de CD105 é observada apenas nos tecidos onde ocorre a neoformação de microvasos e que o aumento destes gera um recrutamento de osteoblastos não apenas na periferia da metástase, mas também no tecido ósseo normal, bem como consequentemente o aumento do número de osteoclastos.Objective: To analyze the bone microenvironment in breast and prostate cancer metastases. Methods: We selected 25 patients, male and female, with metastatic bone carcinomas of the breast and prostate, respectively. The patients were analyzed by immunohistochemical evaluation with anti-CD105 antibodies and hematoxylin-eosin to count microvessels, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the metastatic niche of the bone microenvironment. Patients amputees due to vascular causes were used as study controls. Results: CD105 expression was observed in the vascular tissues of the metastasis and not in normal tissue or tumor niche cells. The increase in osteoblasts and osteoclasts accompanied the growth of microvessels. Regarding the diagnoses of breast and prostate carcinoma, there was no statistical difference in the data analysis regarding location, CD105 expression and microvessel density, however, breast carcinoma had a higher osteoblast count. Conclusions: The expression of CD105 is observed only in tissues where neoformation of microvessels occurs and that their increase generates a recruitment of osteoblasts not only in the periphery of the metastasis, but also in normal bone tissue, as well as consequently an increase in the number of osteoclasts

Epidemiological characteristics of patients with pelvic tumors submitted to surgical treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the epidemiological profile of patients with primary or secondary neoplastic lesions in the pelvis who required a surgical procedure such as hemipelvectomy. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 69 patients located in the database of a São Paulo educational institution, subject to surgical hemipelvectomy treatment between January 1990 and December 2013. All patients had previous diagnosis of bone tumor (primary or metastatic) in the pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis, and/or sacrum). Results: Analyzing the data obtained in this study, it was observed that these are partly similar to those found in the literature, with primary bone malignancies as the main diagnosis; general injuries affecting the pelvic area I (pelvic bone) and its most frequent complication, infection. The differences are mainly due to rarity of the bone tumors evaluated in this study, and the type of surgical procedure in question, which is even more unusual. Conclusion: Building a picture that conveys the reality of each diagnosis and that indicates which characteristics of these patients would better resemble an absolute or relative indication for the realization of hemipelvectomy is harder by the rarity of these cases

Biopsy Path Contamination in Primary Bone Sarcomas

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of contamination of the biopsy pathway in patients with primary bone sarcomas, as well as the clinical characteristics that influenced this outcome. Materials and Methods The anatomopathological reports of the patients who were treated by the Orthopedic Oncology Sector of the Orthopedic and Traumatology Department of this institution were retrospectively evaluated. Results Of the 148 patients included for evaluation in the present study, only 1 presented contamination by neoplastic cells in his biopsy pathway. Conclusion The bone biopsy procedure in patients with primary bone sarcomas presents great safety regarding pathway contamination when performed in specialized centers that treat this type of pathology

Clinical and organizational factors associated with mortality during the peak of first COVID-19 wave : the global UNITE-COVID study

Purpose To accommodate the unprecedented number of critically ill patients with pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expansion of the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) to clinical areas not previously used for critical care was necessary. We describe the global burden of COVID-19 admissions and the clinical and organizational characteristics associated with outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods Multicenter, international, point prevalence study, including adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. Results 4994 patients from 280 ICUs in 46 countries were included. Included ICUs increased their total capacity from 4931 to 7630 beds, deploying personnel from other areas. Overall, 1986 (39.8%) patients were admitted to surge capacity beds. Invasive ventilation at admission was present in 2325 (46.5%) patients and was required during ICU stay in 85.8% of patients. 60-day mortality was 33.9% (IQR across units: 20%-50%) and ICU mortality 32.7%. Older age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were associated with increased mortality. These associations were also confirmed specifically in mechanically ventilated patients. Admission to surge capacity beds was not associated with mortality, even after controlling for other factors. Conclusions ICUs responded to the increase in COVID-19 patients by increasing bed availability and staff, admitting up to 40% of patients in surge capacity beds. Although mortality in this population was high, admission to a surge capacity bed was not associated with increased mortality. Older age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and AKI were identified as the strongest predictors of mortality