7,519 research outputs found
Finite element exterior calculus for parabolic problems
In this paper, we consider the extension of the finite element exterior
calculus from elliptic problems, in which the Hodge Laplacian is an appropriate
model problem, to parabolic problems, for which we take the Hodge heat equation
as our model problem. The numerical method we study is a Galerkin method based
on a mixed variational formulation and using as subspaces the same spaces of
finite element differential forms which are used for elliptic problems. We
analyze both the semidiscrete and a fully-discrete numerical scheme.Comment: 17 page
Primordial magnetic fields constrained by CMB anisotropies and dynamo cosmology
Magneto-curvature stresses could deform magnetic field lines and this would
give rise to back reaction and restoring magnetic stresses [Tsagas, PRL
(2001)]. Barrow et al [PRD (2008)] have shown in Friedman universe the
expansion to be slow down in spatial section of negative Riemann curvatures.
From Chicone et al [CMP (1997)] paper, proved that fast dynamos in compact 2D
manifold implies negatively constant Riemannian curvature, here one applies the
Barrow-Tsagas ideas to cosmic dynamos. Fast dynamo covariant stretching of
Riemann slices of cosmic Lobachevsky plane is given. Inclusion of advection
term on dynamo equations [Clarkson et al, MNRAS (2005)] is considered. In
absence of advection a fast dynamo is also obtained. Viscous and restoring
forces on stretching particles decrease, as magnetic rates increase. From COBE
data (), one computes stretching
.
Zeldovich et al has computed the maximum magnetic growth rate as
. From COBE data one computes
a lower growth rate for the magnetic field as
, well-within Zeldovich et al
estimate. Instead of the Harrison value one obtains the
lower primordial field which yields the
at the Big Bang time.Comment: Dept of theoretical physics-UERJ-Brasi
Preventative Feeding of the Dairy Cow in Transition
The transition period in the lactating dairy cow is characterized by decreased feed intake that starts late in the close-up period and recovers several days after calving. This drop in intake results in an imbalance between required and absorbed nutrients. Other factors that are related to the volume and physical form of the feed can lead to problems frequently observed at calving time. In general, the veterinary diagnosis is based upon clinical symptoms of certain ailments. For greater chances of success and decreased treatment costs, itâs necessary to detect these ailments during their subclinical stage, or, better yet, to prevent their occurrence
Feeding Dairy Cows for Body Condition Score
Changes in body weight are not a very good indicator of the nutritional status of dairy cows. For example, while the gut contents of a 1400 lb. dairy cow weigh approximately 200 lbs., the cow has a daily intake of nearly 100 lbs. of feed (fresh weight) and 160 to 240 lbs. of water (one gallon equals 8 lbs). In addition, the cow outputs over 120 lbs. of fresh manure and urine per day (NRC 2001), as well as 50 to 100-plus lbs. of milk. Thus, the ability to accurately depict actual changes in body mass via body weight measurements can be affected by daily fluctuations in body weight. A better method of evaluating the nutritional status of cows is through its body condition score (BCS). Body condition scoring, while subjective, is a useful and practical visual assessment tool of the nutritional status of cattle. High percentages of repeatability, both between measurements and between scorers, can be obtained with practice. The scoring system usually in use for dairy cattle is a 5-point scale, with 1 corresponding to an extremely thin cow, and 5 to a cow with excessive fat deposits (Wildman et al. 1982). Photos of and a text description for each body condition score are provided at the conclusion of this publication
Influential Article Review - Establishing the Links Between TMT Social Capital, Network Position and Innovation
This paper examines innovation. We present insights from a highly influential paper. Here are the highlights from this paper: Employing a sample of 1476 firms and 5130 firm-years in China, we examine the relationship between social capital and macro organizational innovation. Based on the relational view and social capital theory, this study investigates how the top management team (TMT) inside an organization bridges and bonds social capital to influence innovations combined with organizational network position. Through empirical tests based on listed companies in the whole network of the interlocking directorate using the dataset of listed companies in China from 2008 to 2014, the study finds that: (1) TMT global social capital has an essential positive effect on innovation, (2) TMT overseas social capital has significant positive consequences on prestige and power (network position), (3) network position mediates the relationship between TMT overseas social capital and innovation, and (4) TMT bank social capital has a moderating effect on the relationship between network position and innovation. For our overseas readers, we then present the insights from this paper in Spanish, French, Portuguese, and German
A Time-Orbiting Potential Trap for Bose-Einstein Condensate Interferometry
We describe a novel atom trap for Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb to be
used in atom interferometry experiments. The trap is based on a time-orbiting
potential waveguide. It supports the atoms against gravity while providing weak
confinement to minimize interaction effects. We observe harmonic oscillation
frequencies omega_x, omega_y, omega_z as low as 2 pi times (6.0,1.2,3.3) Hz. Up
to 2 times 10^4 condensate atoms have been loaded into the trap, at estimated
temperatures as low as 850 pK. We anticipate that interferometer measurement
times of 1 s or more should be achievable in this device.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
High Priced Corn and Dairy Cow Rations
Corn grain usually makes up 30 to 35% of the total ration dry matter (DM) of a typical Midwest lactating cow diet. Changes in its price, therefore, can have a significant impact on total feed costs. Even with high corn prices, however, it is unlikely that corn grain will be removed completely from the ration. Corn grain, due to its high starch content, permits the formulation of energy-dense rations required by cows with high genetic merit for milk production. Adequate starch concentrations in corn grain also promote growth of rumen bacteria and protozoa essential for optimum forage fermentation. On the other hand, too much starch in the rumen may result in sub-clinical and/or clinical rumen acidosis
Apsidal Motion of the Massive, Benchmark Eclipsing Binary V578 Mon
V578 Mon is a system of two early B-type stars in the Rosette Nebula
star-forming region (NGC 2244), and is one of only nine eclipsing binaries with
component masses greater than 10 M\odot whose physical parameters have been
determined with an accuracy of better than 3%. It is therefore a benchmark
system for evolutionary and stellar structure models of newly formed massive
stars. Combining our multi-band light curves spanning 40 yr with previous light
curve data from the literature, we fit a model light curve that for the first
time includes the effects of apsidal motion of the system. We measure an
apsidal period of 33.48+0.10-0.06 yr. As a consequence of incorporating the
apsidal motion into the modeling of the system's orbital parameters, we
determine an updated eccentricity of e = 0.07755+0.00022-0.00027, which differs
significantly from the value previously reported in the literature. Evidently,
the inclusion of apsidal motion in the light curve modeling significantly
affects the eccentricity determination. Incorporating these key parameters into
a comprehensive model of the system's physical parameters-including internal
structure constraints- will bring V578 Mon to the next level of benchmark
precision and utility.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the Astronomical Journa
Selective Enzymatic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols
Compared to the biological world's rich chemistry for functionalizing carbon, enzymatic transformations of the heavier homologue silicon are rare. We report that a wildâtype cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450_(BM3) from Bacillus megaterium, CYP102A1) has promiscuous activity for oxidation of hydrosilanes to give silanols. Directed evolution was applied to enhance this nonânative activity and create a highly efficient catalyst for selective silane oxidation under mild conditions with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The evolved enzyme leaves CâH bonds present in the silane substrates untouched, and this biotransformation does not lead to disiloxane formation, a common problem in silanol syntheses. Computational studies reveal that catalysis proceeds through hydrogen atom abstraction followed by radical rebound, as observed in the native CâH hydroxylation mechanism of the P450 enzyme. This enzymatic silane oxidation extends nature's impressive catalytic repertoire
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