Resultados de la política de la superación de la pobreza en el departamento del cauca, experiencias de implementación por la Dirección De Inclusión Productiva, programa Mi Negocio de Prosperidad Social en el periodo 2014 -2018

El presente documento es una indagación bibliográfica sobre la política pública de Superación de la pobreza en la población vulnerable y víctima del conflicto armado en el Departamento del Cauca por la entidad Prosperidad Social en el Programa Mi Negocio durante el periodo 2014 – 2018. Además, se analizarán conceptos como, tipos de pobreza, afectaciones del conflicto armado en la población, las situaciones de pobreza y desigualdad hacen que las comunidades recurran al uso de cultivos ilícitos como forma de sustento. Al final se identificarán las transformaciones de vida de las personas atendidas por el programa Mi Negocio. La necesidad de establecer un análisis surge de las condiciones de pobreza, desigualdad, económica y social del territorio, latentes y evidenciables, además reflejadas en las estadísticas del DANE para la pobreza monetaria ponen al departamento del Cauca en el año 2.019 como el segundo más pobre del país, con el 50.5% de la población están esta situación. Enfocándose en el Capítulo 2 del plan de desarrollo nacional se crea el programa Mi negocio para atender población víctima del conflicto armado con el hecho victimizante de desplazamiento forzoso y en situación vulnerable, que consiste en realizar un acompañamiento por 18 meses donde se capacitan en habilidades laborales y transversales a los emprendedores, capitalización con compra de insumos o maquinaria para inicio de sus negocios y acompañamiento técnico en el arranque de sus unidades. El presente documento compila una monografía de tipo indagación bibliográfica, adquiriendo información de varias fuentes, como documentos internos de la entidad, estadísticas del DANE sobre la pobreza monetaria y multidimensional, Plan Nacional y departamental de Desarrollo en el periodo 2014 – 2018 y artículos de las situaciones que vivió el departamento del Cauca en el periodo investigado. Actualmente el programa está en vigencia y es ejecutado con miras a consolidarse como estrategia de solución al comercio informal y de espacio público. También las personas buscan hacer parte del programa por su metodología y apoyo económico para la marcha de sus negocios. Basada en las líneas de investigación de Derechos Humanos y Solución Alternativa de Conflictos y sublíneas del Conflicto y postconflicto de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a distancia -UNAD.This document is a bibliographic inquiry on the public policy of Overcoming poverty in the vulnerable population and victims of the armed conflict in the Department of Cauca by the Social Prosperity entity in the My Business Program during the period 2014 - 2018. In addition, it is They will analyze concepts such as types of poverty, effects of the armed conflict on the population, situations of poverty and inequality that make communities resort to the use of illicit crops as a means of sustenance. At the end, the life transformations of the people served by the My Business program will be identified. The need to establish an analysis arises from the conditions of poverty, inequality, economic and social of the territory, latent and evident, also reflected in the DANE statistics for monetary poverty put the department of Cauca in the year 2.019 as the second poorest of the country, with 50.5% of the population are in this situation. Focusing on Chapter 2 of the national development plan, the My business program is created to serve the population victim of the armed conflict with the victimizing act of forced displacement and in a vulnerable situation, which consists of carrying out an accompaniment for 18 months where they are trained in job skills and transversal to entrepreneurs, capitalization with the purchase of inputs or machinery to start their businesses and technical support in the start-up of their units. This document compiles a monograph of a bibliographic inquiry type, acquiring information from various sources, such as internal documents of the entity, DANE statistics on monetary and multidimensional poverty, National and departmental Development Plan in the period 2014 - 2018 and articles from the situations experienced by the department of Cauca in the investigated period. Currently the program is in force and is being executed with a view to consolidating itself as a solution strategy for informal commerce and public space. People also seek to be part of the program due to its methodology and financial support for the operation of their businesses. Based on the research lines of Human Rights and Alternative Conflict Resolution and sub-lines of the Conflict and post-conflict of the National Open and Distance University -UNAD

COLLABORATIVE WATER GOVERNANCE: FOSTERING PARTICIPATION, RELATIONSHIPS, AND RECONCILIATION IN MISTAWASIS NÊHIYAWAK

In Canada, water governance is confronted with colonial legacies that historically have marginalized and silenced Indigenous water worldviews, knowledge and needs. Alternative water governance frameworks are needed and demanded by Indigenous Peoples to overcome the complex water issues they face. In this dissertation the meaning of water and water governance from Mistawasis Nêhiyawak First Nation (MNFN) water ontologies and epistemologies is explored and the contributions to collaborative water governance approaches in the North Saskatchewan River Watershed (NSRW), Saskatchewan and Canada are discussed. The importance of balancing power relationships in water decision-making and participation by including collaborative approaches as the theoretical and practical framework for water governance is considered. Collaborative water governance as a constructive process is proposed, where hybrid pathways and strong partnerships between rights holders and stakeholders are co-built, and from this perspective, Indigenous water ontologies, epistemologies and self-determination are legitimized in collaborative water governance arrangements. This dissertation documents the collaborative water governance experience lived by MNFN while overcoming water threats affecting their Nation. The Honour the Water Governance Framework co-built with MNFN as a model founded in MNFN identity, knowledge, and self-determination is presented. This framework highlights shared dialogue and complementarity as key elements for holistic and sustainable water governance approaches. Collaborative water governance arrangements built on trustful relationships and aware of Indigenous Knowledge and self-determination may contribute to meaningful processes of reconciliation needed in Canada. Partnerships built between MNFN and water stakeholders in the NSRW opened pathways for honouring water while healing broken relationships and contributing to transformative reconciliation in the practice. The theoretical and methodological approaches used in this dissertation contribute to practices of decolonization in water governance towards building Nation-to-Nation relationships while developing more sustainable water governance approaches

In vitro histological evaluation of the surgical margins made by different laser wavelengths in tongue tissues

Background: Lasers have become standard tools for the surgical treatment of oral lesions. The purpose of this study is to determine the surgical margins and histologically evaluate the tissue thermal effects induced by different types of surgical instruments. Material and Methods: Cuts were made in pork tonguesâ mucosa with different lasers (Er:YAG at 2W with and without air / water spray and at 4W with and without air / water spray; CO2 at 3.5W and 7W in pulsed mode and at 7W in continuous mode; the diode laser at 3.5W and boost 3.5W in pulsed mode; Nd:YAG at 6W, 40Hz and electroscalpel at 5W and conventional scalpel as control. Macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes were evaluated. Results: The results of this study showed that the surgical instruments that caused greater tissue damage extension were: the Nd:YAG laser (670.68μm), the diode 3.5W and boost PW (626.82μm), the CO2 7W CW (571.18μm), the CO2 at 7W PW (485.45μm), the diode 3.5W PW (456.15μm), the electroscalpel (409.57μm) and lastly the CO2 laser 3.5W PW (306.19μm) and Er:YAG (74.66μm) laser, regardless of power, mode or air / water spray used. An association between the Tissue Damage Extension and the Degree of Carbonization (r = 0.789; P = 0.01), and an association between the Tissue Damage Extension and Regularity of the Incision were found (r = -, 299; P = 0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that lasers can be used in soft tissues biopsies of the oral cavity, enabling a correct histopathological analysis, as long as the biological effects of each laser type are considered. The Er:YAG laser revealed its potential for biopsies of the oral mucosa ensuring a successful histological evaluation and the CO2 laser at 3,5W in pulsed mode presented itself as the best choice for surgeries with hemostasis

Serum Endoglin Levels in Patients Suffering from Systemic Sclerosis and Elevated Systolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure

Background. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the main cause of morbimortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Increased Eng expression has been demonstrated in SSc patients. Objective. Ascertaining serum levels of Eng in SSc patients with and without elevated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) and comparing them with that of healthy volunteers. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A commercial ELISA kit was used for measuring serum concentrations of Eng in 60 subjects: 40 patients with SSc with and without elevated sPAP, compared to 20 healthy control subjects. Elevated sPAP was detected by echocardiogram. Results. No association between positive Eng and elevated sPAP was found when compared to the SSc without elevated sPAP group (OR = 2.85; 0.65–12.88 95% CI; P = .11); however, an association was found between positive Eng and elevated sPAP compared to healthy controls (OR = 23.22; 2.46–1050.33 95% CI; P = .001), and weak association was found between the positive Eng with SSc without elevated sPAP group compared to healthy controls (OR = 8.14, 0.8–393.74 95% CI; P = .046). Conclusion. Raised serum levels of Eng in SSc patients compared to healthy controls were found, suggesting a role for Eng in SSc vasculopathy and not just in elevated sPAP. However, prospective studies are needed to verify such observations

A histological evaluation of the surgical margins from human oral fibrous-epithelial lesions excised with CO2 laser, Diode laser, Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAG laser, electrosurgical scalpel and cold scalpel

We aim to evaluate the presence of histological artefacts in the surgical margins of human oral fibro-epithelial hyperplasias excised with lasers of different wavelengths, and also electrosurgical scalpel and cold scalpel. Moreover, we aim to determine if some of these instruments could impair the normal histological diagnosis of these lesions. We included 130 consecutive surgical samples of 80 females and 50 males (mean age of 53.82±16.55) with a histological diagnosis of an oral benign fibrous-epithelial hyperplasias. The samples were categorized into 6 groups according to the type of instrument used: CO2 laser group, diode laser group, Er:YAG laser group, Nd:YAG laser group, electrosurgical scalpel group and cold scalpel group. Histological instrument-induced changes were microscopic evaluated and related with clinical and pathological variables. The instrument with highest tissue damage extension (TDE) was the electrosurgical scalpel (1002.2µm±434.92), followed by diode laser (913.73 µm±322.45), Nd:YAG (899.83µm±327.75), CO2 laser (538.37µm±170.50), Er:YAG laser (166.47µm±123.85), and at last with fewer alterations the cold scalpel group (2.36µm±7.27) (P< 0.001). The most regular incision was observed in CO2 laser group, followed by Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAG laser, electrosurgical scalpel and diode laser group with the less regular incision using cold scalpel as comparison (P< 0.001). A correlation was found between the incision score and TDE (P< 0.001). Regarding histological diagnosis, no case showed any limitation of diagnosis related with the use of any instrument evaluated. Our results suggest that lasers can be used for the excision of oral benign fibrous-epithelial hyperplasias, without hispathological diagnosis limitations, as long as the physical properties of each laser are known and respected. Er:YAG laser have shown to be a laser with few tissue damage extension and with good incision regularity, been a possible instrument of choice for the surgical removal of these lesions

Maternal Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Decrease during Early Pregnancy in Normotensive Pregnant Women but Are Higher in Preeclamptic Women—A Longitudinal Study

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is an endocrine factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism that exerts pleiotropic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum FGF-21 profile in healthy and mild preeclamptic pregnant women at each trimester of pregnancy; (2) Methods: Serum FGF-21 levels were determined by ELISA in a nested case-control study within a longitudinal cohort study that included healthy (n = 54) and mild preeclamptic (n = 20) pregnant women, women at three months after delivery (n = 20) and eumenorrheic women during the menstrual cycle (n = 20); (3) Results: FGF-21 levels were significantly lower in the mid-luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (p < 0.01). Maternal levels of FGF-21 were significantly lower in the first and second trimesters and peaked during the third trimester in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.01). Serum levels of FGF-21 in healthy pregnant were significantly lower in the first and second trimester of pregnancy compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and postpartum (p < 0.01). Serum FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic compared to healthy pregnant women during pregnancy (p < 0.01); (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that a peak of FGF-21 towards the end of pregnancy in healthy pregnancy and higher levels in preeclamptic women might play a critical role that contributes to protecting against the negatives effects of high concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and hypertensive disorder. Furthermore, FGF-21 might play an important role in reproductive function in healthy eumenorrheic women during the menstrual cycle

Evaluación de la actividad antagónica y quitinolítica de trichoderma spp., para inhibir el crecimiento de moniliophthora roreri y moniliophthora perniciosa

ESTE PROYECTO SE ENFOCA EN ENFERMEDADES LIMITANTES EN EL CULTIVO DE CACAO, QUE PRODUCEN GRANDES PERDIDAS. DADO QUE LA QUITINA ES UNO DE LOS MAYORES COMPONENTES DE LA PARED CELULAR DE MUCHOS HONGOS, SE REALIZÓ UN ENSAÑO PARA DETERMINAR LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ENZIMAS QUITINOLÍTICAS QUE HIDROLICEN ESTE POLISACÁRIDO, RESULTANDO LAS CEPAS DE TRICHODERMA EFICIENTES AL UTILIZAR LA QUITINA COLOIDAL COMO FUENTE DE CARBONO, OBTENIENDO CONCENTRACIONES DE N-ACETYL-Β-D-GLUCOSAMINA (NAGA) DE ENTRE 51.75 A 266.75 MG/ML, 21.75 A 94.25MG/ML Y 24.25 A 71.75MG/ML RESPECTIVAMENTE CON QUITINA COLOIDAL COMERCIAL, QUITINA DE LA PARED CELULAR DE M. PERNICIOSA Y M. RORERI.GuayaquilMagister en Investigación en Biotecnología Agrícol

RES-PwA : assistance system for the emotional support of people with Alzheimer's using the Pepper robot

El Alzheimer es una condición neurológica progresiva que afecta en gran medida la realización de actividades de la vida diaria de quien lo padece, lo que implica la presencia permanente de un cuidador. &nbsp;Con el paso de los años, se espera que la cantidad de personas con Alzheimer aumente a mayor velocidad que la cantidad de cuidadores, lo que representa un problema; ya que no se podrá ofrecer al paciente ni la atención ni el cuidado personalizado que requiere. Ante esta problemática, se desarrolló el sistema RES-PwA (Robot Emotional Support for People With Dementia), cuyo objetivo es brindar soporte emocional personalizado a adultos mayores que padecen del Alzheimer en estadios leves y moderados. El sistema está implementado utilizando la arquitectura de agentes BDI-CHA propuesta por el grupo SIRP de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y hace uso del Robot Pepper de SoftBank Robotics. RES- PwA está en la capacidad de realizar actividades como estimulación musical y cuentería, siguiendo el criterio del estado emocional del usuario. La solución fue validada y verificada por expertos en los campos de gerontología, psicología, interacción humano robot y cuidado de adultos mayores.Alzheimer's is a progressive neurological condition that greatly affects the daily activities of the sufferer, which implies the permanent presence of a caregiver. Over the years, the number of people with Alzheimer's is expected to increase faster than the number of caregivers, which is a problem, since neither the attention nor the personalized care that the patient requires can be offered. Faced with this problem, the RES-PwA (Robot Emotional Support for People with Dementia) system was developed, whose objective is to provide personalized emotional support to older adults suffering from Alzheimer's in mild and moderate stages. The system is implemented using the BDI-CHA agent architecture proposed by the SIRP group of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and makes use of the SoftBank Robotics Robot Pepper. RES-PwA is in the ability to carry out activities such as musical stimulation and storytelling, following the criteria of the user's emotional state. The solution was validated and verified by experts in the fields of gerontology, psychology, human-robot interaction, and elderly care.Ingeniero (a) de SistemasPregrad

Expression of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins BubR1 and Mad2 expression as potential biomarkers of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia:an observational cohort study

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism essential to ensure the accuracy of chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of SAC proteins in oral carcinogenesis, and to assess their potential in predicting malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. We analysed the immunoexpression of BubR1, Mad2, Bub3, and Spindly proteins in 64 oral biopsies from 52 oral leukoplakias and 12 normal tissues. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate predictive factors for malignant transformation (MT). We observed that BubR1 and Mad2 were more highly expressed in high dysplasia grade lesions than in low grade or normal tissues (P<0.05). High expression of Spindly was significantly correlated with a high Ki-67 score (P=0.004). Six (11.5%) oral leukoplakias underwent malignant transformation. In univariate analysis, the binary dysplasia grade (high grade) (P<0.001) was associated with a higher risk of malignant transformation as well as high BubR1 (P<0.001) and high Mad2 (P=0.013) expression. In multivariate analysis, high expression of BubR1 and Mad2 when combined showed an increased risk for malignant transformation (P=0.013; HR of 4.6, 95% CI of 1.4-15.1). Our findings reveal that BubR1 and Mad2 were associated with an increased risk for malignant transformation independently of histological grade and could be potential and useful predictive risk markers of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakias