Metodología para la estimación del gasto energético en lesionados medulares mediante el empleo de acelerómetros

Los objetivos de la tesis fueron diseñar modelos lineales generales y redes neuronales artificiales para estimar el gasto energético de personas con paraplejia. Para ello se realizó un estuio descriptivo transversal en el que 20 personas con paraplejia realizaron una rutina de 10 actividades. Cada actividad tuvo una duración de 10 minutos y durante la realización de la misma se adquirieron datos de frecuencia cardiaca, consumo de oxínego y aceleraciones. Concretamente se colocaron 4 acelerómetros triaxiales, uno en cada muñeca, otro en el pecho y el último en la cintura. Una vez procesadas las señales y extraídas las características de interés se diseñaron los modelos matemáticos de estimación del consumo de oxígeno. Los resultados de nuestro estudio mostraron buenas estimaciones con los modelos lineales generales. De hecho estos modelos fueron mejores que los métodos de estimación del gasto energético en personas con lesión medular mediante acelerómetros existentes hasta la fecha. Además, la estimación mediante redes neuronales artificiales resultó excelente. De hecho el rendimiento de la estimación mediante las redes neuronales artificiales fue muy similar al de los mejores y más avanzados modelos de estimación existentes en personas sin discapacidad. En consecuencia, se puede concluir que se han diseñado modelos matemáticos de estimación del consumo de oxígeno en personas con paraplejia con una gran exactitud.The goals of this research were to design general linear models and artificial neural networks to estimate energy expenditure in persons with paraplegia. To do this we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. 20 people with paraplegia performed a routine of 10 activities. Each activity lasted for 10 minutes and during such perform heart rate data, accelerations and oxygen consumption were acquired. Specifically four triaxial accelerometers were placed, one on each wrist, one on the chest and the last at the waist. Once processed and extracted signal features of interest mathematical models for estimating oxygen consumption were designed. The results of our study showed good estimates with general linear models. In fact, so far, these models were better than the methods of estimating energy expenditure in people with spinal cord injury using accelerometers. Furthermore, the estimation using artificial neural networks was excellent. In fact the accuracy of the estimation using artificial neural networks was very similar to the best and most advanced existing estimation models in people without disabilities. Consequently, we can conclude that the mathematical models designed to estimate the oxygen consumption in persons with paraplegia presents a great accuracy

Do active commuters feel more competent and vital? A self-organizing maps analysis in university students

University students represent a population that faces high risks regarding physical inactivity. Research suggests that a regular engagement in physical activity (PA) may be more likely established when it leads to the experience of subjective vitality. Subjective vitality, in turn, is more likely achieved through physical activities that individuals feel competent in, and that take place in natural outdoor environments. An activity that may fulfill these conditions is active commuting to and from university (ACU). To examine whether and in which form ACU can combine this promising pattern of aspects, a person-oriented analysis was conducted. The sample contained 484 university students (59.3% females). Leisure-time PA, ACU by walking, ACU by cycling, subjective vitality, PA-related competence and body mass index were included as input variables in a self-organizing maps analysis. For both female and male university students, the identified clusters indicated that students who intensively engaged in ACU did not exhibit subjective vitality levels above average. Consistently, they did not show elevated levels of PA-related competence, which suggests that ACU does not support the perception of their physical abilities. Considerations regarding urban university environments lacking sufficient natural elements finally add to the conclusion that engaging in ACU does not suffice to establish a vitality-supportive and thus sustainable PA behavior. Additionally, the identified clusters illustrate a large heterogeneity regarding the interaction between leisure-time PA, body mass index and subjective vitality

Assessment of haemophilic arthropathy through balance analysis: a promising tool

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Xavier García-Massó, Yiyao Ye-Lin, Javier Garcia-Casado, Felipe Querol & Luis-Millan Gonzalez (2019) Assessment of haemophilic arthropathy through balance analysis: a promising tool, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 22:4, 418-425, DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1561877, available online at: http://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2018.1561877.[EN] The purpose of this study was to develop a tool able to distinguish between subjects who have haemophilic arthropathy in lower limbs and those who do not by analyzing the centre of pressure displacement. The second objective was to assess the possible different responses of haemophiliacs and healthy subjects by creating a classifier that could distinguish between both groups. Fiftyfour haemophilic patients (28 with and 26 without arthropathy) and 23 healthy subjects took part voluntarily in the study. A force plate was used to measure postural stability. A total of 276 centre of pressure displacement parameters were calculated under different conditions: unipedal/bipedal balance with eyes open/closed. These parameters were used to design a Quadratic Discriminant Analysis classifier. The arthropathy versus non-arthropathy classifier had an overall accuracy of 97.5% when only 10 features were used in its design. Similarly, the haemophiliac versus nonhaemophiliac classifier had an overall accuracy of 97.2% when only 7 features were used. In conclusion, an objective haemophilic arthropathy in lower limbs evaluation system was developed by analyzing centre of pressure displacement signals. The haemophiliac vs. non-haemophiliac classifier designed was also able to corroborate the existing differences in postural control between haemophilic patients (with and without arthropathy) and healthy subjects.García-Massó, X.; Ye Lin, Y.; Garcia-Casado, J.; Querol -Fuentes, F.; Gonzalez, L. (2019). Assessment of haemophilic arthropathy through balance analysis: a promising tool. Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering. 22(4):418-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2018.1561877S418425224Amoud, H., Abadi, M., Hewson, D. J., Michel-Pellegrino, V., Doussot, M., & Duchêne, J. (2007). Fractal time series analysis of postural stability in elderly and control subjects. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 4(1), 12. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-4-12AZNAR, J. A., ABAD-FRANCH, L., CORTINA, V. R., & MARCO, P. (2009). The national registry of haemophilia A and B in Spain: results from a census of patients. Haemophilia, 15(6), 1327-1330. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02101.xCabeza-Ruiz, R., García-Massó, X., Centeno-Prada, R. A., Beas-Jiménez, J. D., Colado, J. C., & González, L.-M. (2011). Time and frequency analysis of the static balance in young adults with Down syndrome. Gait & Posture, 33(1), 23-28. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.014Cruz-Montecinos, C., De la Fuente, C., Rivera-Lillo, G., Morales-Castillo, S., Soto-Arellano, V., Querol, F., & Pérez-Alenda, S. (2017). Sensory strategies of postural sway during quiet stance in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 23(5), e419-e426. doi:10.1111/hae.13297De SOUZA, F. M. B., PEREIRA, R. P., MINUQUE, N. P., Do CARMO, C. M., De MELLO, M. H. M., VILLAÇA, P., & TANAKA, C. (2012). Postural adjustment after an unexpected perturbation in children with haemophilia. Haemophilia, 18(3), e311-e315. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02768.xDORIA, A. S. (2010). State-of-the-art imaging techniques for the evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy: present and future. Haemophilia, 16, 107-114. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02307.xFALK, B., PORTAL, S., TIKTINSKY, R., WEINSTEIN, Y., CONSTANTINI, N., & MARTINOWITZ, U. (2000). Anaerobic power and muscle strength in young hemophilia patients. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52. doi:10.1097/00005768-200001000-00009GALLACH, J. E., QUEROL, F., GONZÁLEZ, L. M., PARDO, A., & AZNAR, J. A. (2008). Posturographic analysis of balance control in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 14(2), 329-335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01613.xGONZÁLEZ, L.-M., QUEROL, F., GALLACH, J. E., GOMIS, M., & AZNAR, V. A. (2007). Force fluctuations during the Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction of the quadriceps femoris in haemophilic patients. Haemophilia, 13(1), 65-70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01354.xHACKER, M. R., FUNK, S. M., & MANCO-JOHNSON, M. J. (2007). The Colorado Haemophilia Paediatric Joint Physical Examination Scale: normal values and interrater reliability. Haemophilia, 13(1), 71-78. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01387.xHilberg, T., Herbsleb, M., Gabriel, H. H. W., Jeschke, D., & Schramm, W. (2001). Proprioception and isometric muscular strength in haemophilic subjects. Haemophilia, 7(6), 582-588. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2516.2001.00563.xHilgartner, M. W. (2002). Current treatment of hemophilic arthropathy. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 14(1), 46-49. doi:10.1097/00008480-200202000-00008KHAN, U., BOGUE, C., UNGAR, W. J., HILLIARD, P., CARCAO, M., MOINEDDIN, R., & DORIA, A. S. (2009). Cost-effectiveness analysis of different imaging strategies for diagnosis of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 16(2), 322-332. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02125.xKURZ, E., HERBSLEB, M., ANDERS, C., PUTA, C., VOLLANDT, R., CZEPA, D., … HILBERG, T. (2011). SEMG activation patterns of thigh muscles during upright standing in haemophilic patients. Haemophilia, 17(4), 669-675. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02466.xLAFEBER, F. P. J. G., MIOSSEC, P., & VALENTINO, L. A. (2008). Physiopathology of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 14(s4), 3-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01732.xLundin, B., Pettersson, H., & Ljung, R. (2004). A new magnetic resonance imaging scoring method for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 10(4), 383-389. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00902.xMasui, T., Hasegawa, Y., Yamaguchi, J., Kanoh, T., Ishiguro, N., & Suzuki, S. (2006). Increasing postural sway in rural-community-dwelling elderly persons with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 11(4), 353-358. doi:10.1007/s00776-006-1034-9Mitchell, S. L., Collin, J. J., De Luca, C. J., Burrows, A., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1995). Open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease: increased mediolateral activity during quiet standing. Neuroscience Letters, 197(2), 133-136. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11924-lMolho, Rolland, Lebrun, Dirat, Courpied, … Croughs. (2000). Epidemiological survey of the orthopaedic status of severe haemophilia A and B patients in France. Haemophilia, 6(1), 23-32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2516.2000.00358.xPERGANTOU, H., MATSINOS, G., PAPADOPOULOS, A., PLATOKOUKI, H., & ARONIS, S. (2006). Comparative study of validity of clinical, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging scores in evaluation and management of haemophilic arthropathy in children. Haemophilia, 12(3), 241-247. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01208.xPIPE, S. W., & VALENTINO, L. A. (2007). Optimizing outcomes for patients with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia, 13(s4), 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01552.xPlug, I. (2004). Thirty years of hemophilia treatment in the Netherlands, 1972-2001. Blood, 104(12), 3494-3500. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-05-2008Prieto, T. E., Myklebust, J. B., Hoffmann, R. G., Lovett, E. G., & Myklebust, B. M. (1996). Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 43(9), 956-966. doi:10.1109/10.532130Leslie, R., & Catherine, M. (2007). Modern management of haemophilic arthropathy. British Journal of Haematology, 136(6), 777-787. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06490.xSILVA, M., LUCK, J. V., QUON, D., YOUNG, C. R., CHIN, D. M., EBRAMZADEH, E., & FONG, Y.-J. (2008). Inter- and intra-observer reliability of radiographic scores commonly used for the evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 14(3), 504-512. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01630.xSouza, F. M. B., McLaughlin, P., Pereira, R. P., Minuque, N. P., Mello, M. H. M., Siqueira, C., … Tanaka, C. (2013). The effects of repetitive haemarthrosis on postural balance in children with haemophilia. Haemophilia, 19(4), e212-e217. doi:10.1111/hae.12106TAKEDANI, H., FUJII, T., KOBAYASHI, Y., HAGA, N., TATSUNAMI, S., & FUJII, T. (2010). Inter-observer reliability of three different radiographic scores for adult haemophilia. Haemophilia, 17(1), 134-138. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02389.xTIKTINSKY, R., FALK, B., HEIM, M., & MARTINOVITZ, U. (2002). The effect of resistance training on the frequency of bleeding in haemophilia patients: a pilot study. Haemophilia, 8(1), 22-27. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2516.2002.00575.

Impact of COVID-19 on the self-reported physical activity of people with complete thoracic spinal cord injury full-time manual wheelchair users

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Activitat física; Lesió medul·larCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Actividad física; Lesión de la médula espinalCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Physical activity; Spinal cord injuryContext The emergence of COVID-19 caused a new public health crisis, leading to major changes in daily life routines, often including physical activity (PA) levels. The main goal of this study was to analyze the differences in self-reported physical activity of people with complete spinal cord injuries between the time prior to the COVID-19 lockdown and the lockdown period itself. Methods A sample of 20 participants with complete thoracic spinal cord injuries completed the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results The results showed differences between the pre-lockdown and lockdown measurements in total self-reported PA (z=−3.92; P<0.001; d=1.28), recreational PA (z=−3.92; P<0.001; d=1.18) and occupational PA (z=−2.03; P=0.042; d=0.55). Nevertheless, no differences were found in housework PA between the two time periods. Furthermore, the results showed differences in total minutes (z=−3.92; P<0.001; d=1.75), minutes spent on recreational activities (z=−3.82; P<0.001; d=1.56) and minutes spent on occupational activities (z=−2.032; P=0.042; d=0.55) of moderate/vigorous intensity. Conclusions Individuals with thoracic spinal cord injuries who were full-time manual wheelchair users displayed lower levels of PA during the pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period. The results suggest that the prohibition and restrictions on carrying out recreational and/or occupational activities are the main reasons for this inactivity. Physical activity promotion strategies should be implemented within this population to lessen the effects of this physical inactivity stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.This work was supported by the Fundació la Marató de la TV3 under [grant number 201720-10]

An author keyword analysis for mapping Sport Sciences

[EN] Scientific production has increased exponentially in recent years. It is necessary to find methodological strategies for understanding holistic or macro views of the major research trends developed in specific fields. Data mining is a useful technique to address this task. In particular, our study presents a global analysis of the information generated during last decades in the Sport Sciences Category (SSC) included in the Web of Science database. An analysis of the frequency of appearance and the dynamics of the Author Keywords (AKs) has been made for the last thirty years. Likewise, the network of co-occurrences established between words and the survival time of new words that have appeared since 2001 has also been analysed. One of the main findings of our research is the identification of six large thematic clusters in the SSC. There are also two major terms that coexist ('REHABILITATION' and 'EXERCISE') and show a high frequency of appearance, as well as a key behaviour in the calculated co-occurrence networks. Another significant finding is that AKs are mostly accepted in the SSC since there has been high percentage of new terms during 2001-2006, although they have a low survival period. These results support a multidisciplinary perspective within the Sport Sciences field of study and a colonization of the field by rehabilitation according to our AK analysis.González-Moreno, L.; García-Massó, X.; Pardo-Ibáñez, A.; Peset Mancebo, MF.; Devis Devis, J. (2018). An author keyword analysis for mapping Sport Sciences. PLoS ONE. 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201435S13

Identifying physical activity type in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury by means of accelerometers

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to develop and test classification algorithms based on machine learning using accelerometers to identify the activity type performed by manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: The study was conducted in the Physical Therapy department and the Physical Education and Sports department of the University of Valencia. Methods: A total of 20 volunteers were asked to perform 10 physical activities, lying down, body transfers, moving items, mopping, working on a computer, watching TV, arm-ergometer exercises, passive propulsion, slow propulsion and fast propulsion, while fitted with four accelerometers placed on both wrists, chest and waist. The activities were grouped into five categories: sedentary, locomotion, housework, body transfers and moderate physical activity. Different machine learning algorithms were used to develop individual and group activity classifiers from the acceleration data for different combinations of number and position of the accelerometers. Results: We found that although the accuracy of the classifiers for individual activities was moderate (55-72%), with higher values for a greater number of accelerometers, grouped activities were correctly classified in a high percentage of cases (83.2-93.6%). Conclusions: With only two accelerometers and the quadratic discriminant analysis algorithm we achieved a reasonably accurate group activity recognition system (490%). Such a system with the minimum of intervention would be a valuable tool for studying physical activity in individuals with SCI.X Garcia-Masso gratefully acknowledges the support of the University of Valencia under project UV-INV-PRECOMP13-115364.García-Massó, X.; Serra-Añó P.; Gonzalez, L.; Ye Lin, Y.; Prats-Boluda, G.; Garcia Casado, FJ. (2015). Identifying physical activity type in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury by means of accelerometers. Spinal Cord. 53(10):772-777. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2015.81S7727775310Buchholz AC, Martin Ginis KA, Bray SR, Craven BC, Hicks AL, Hayes KC et al. Greater daily leisure time physical activity is associated with lower chronic disease risk in adults with spinal cord injury. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34: 640–647.Hetz SP, Latimer AE, Buchholz AC, Martin Ginis KA . Increased participation in activities of daily living is associated with lower cholesterol levels in people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009; 90: 1755–1759.Manns PJ, Chad KE . Determining the relation between quality of life, handicap, fitness, and physical activity for persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 1566–1571.Serra-Añó P, Pellicer-Chenoll M, García-Massó X, Morales J, Giner-Pascual M, González L-M . Effects of resistance training on strength, pain and shoulder functionality in paraplegics. Spinal Cord 2012; 50: 827–831.Slater D, Meade MA . Participation in recreation and sports for persons with spinal cord injury: review and recommendations. NeuroRehabilitation 2004; 19: 121–129.Lee M, Zhu W, Hedrick B, Fernhall B . Determining metabolic equivalent values of physical activities for persons with paraplegia. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 32: 336–343.Lee M, Zhu W, Hedrick B, Fernhall B . Estimating MET values using the ratio of HR for persons with paraplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 985–990.Hayes AM, Myers JN, Ho M, Lee MY, Perkash I, Kiratli BJ . Heart rate as a predictor of energy expenditure in people with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 2005; 42: 617–624.Washburn RA, Zhu W, McAuley E, Frogley M, Figoni SF . The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: development and evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83: 193–200.Ginis KAM, Latimer AE, Hicks AL, Craven BC . Development and evaluation of an activity measure for people with spinal cord injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 1099–1111.Khan AM, Lee Y-K, Lee S, Kim T-S . Accelerometer’s position independent physical activity recognition system for long-term activity monitoring in the elderly. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48: 1271–1279.Khan AM, Lee Y-K, Lee SY, Kim T-S . A triaxial accelerometer-based physical-activity recognition via augmented-signal features and a hierarchical recognizer. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed Publ 2010; 14: 1166–1172.Liu S, Gao RX, John D, Staudenmayer J, Freedson PS . SVM-based multi-sensor fusion for free-living physical activity assessment. Conf Proc Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2011: 3188–3191.Liu S, Gao RX, John D, Staudenmayer JW, Freedson PS . Multisensor data fusion for physical activity assessment. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59: 687–696.Staudenmayer J, Pober D, Crouter S, Bassett D, Freedson P . An artificial neural network to estimate physical activity energy expenditure and identify physical activity type from an accelerometer. J Appl Physiol 2009; 107: 1300–1307.Trost SG, Wong W-K, Pfeiffer KA, Zheng Y . Artificial neural networks to predict activity type and energy expenditure in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44: 1801–1809.David Apple MD . Pain above the injury level. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2001; 7: 18–29.Subbarao JV, Klopfstein J, Turpin R . Prevalence and impact of wrist and shoulder pain in patients with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 1995; 18: 9–13.Postma K, van den Berg-Emons HJG, Bussmann JBJ, Sluis TAR, Bergen MP, Stam HJ . Validity of the detection of wheelchair propulsion as measured with an Activity Monitor in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2005; 43: 550–557.Hiremath SV, Ding D, Farringdon J, Vyas N, Cooper RA . Physical activity classification utilizing SenseWear activity monitor in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2013; 51: 705–709.Itzkovich M, Gelernter I, Biering-Sorensen F, Weeks C, Laramee MT, Craven BC et al. The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) version III: reliability and validity in a multi-center international study. Disabil Rehabil 2007; 29: 1926–1933.García-Massó X, Serra-Añó P, García-Raffi LM, Sánchez-Pérez EA, López-Pascual J, Gonzalez LM . Validation of the use of Actigraph GT3X accelerometers to estimate energy expenditure in full time manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2013; 51: 898–903.Preece SJ, Goulermas JY, Kenney LPJ, Howard D . A comparison of feature extraction methods for the classification of dynamic activities from accelerometer data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56: 871–879.Hurd WJ, Morrow MM, Kaufman KR . Tri-axial accelerometer analysis techniques for evaluating functional use of the extremities. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23: 924–929.Teixeira FG, Jesus IRT, Mello RGT, Nadal J . Cross-correlation between head acceleration and stabilograms in humans in orthostatic posture. Conf Proc Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2012: 3496–3499.Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J . The Elements of Statistical Learning. Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. Springer: New York, NY. 2009

Encouraging People with Spinal Cord Injury to Take Part in Physical Activity in the COVID-19 Epidemic through the mHealth ParaSportAPP

Epidèmia del COVID-19; Exercici; Lesió medul·larEpidemia de COVID-19; Ejercicio; Lesión medularCOVID-19 epidemic; Exercise; Spinal cord injuryBackground: Although mHealth tools have great potential for health interventions, few experimental studies report on their use by people with spinal cord injuries in physical activity. Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the ParaSportAPP on different physical and psychological variables in people with paraplegia. Methods: Fourteen of these subjects made up the final sample. All the participants performed two pre-tests (control period) and a post-test with 8 months between the evaluations (COVID-19 broke out between pre-test 2 and the post-test). The ParaSportAPP was installed on their smartphones when they performed pre-test 2. The same tests were performed in the same order in all the evaluations: (i) the questionnaires PASIPD, HADS, RS-25; SCIM III and AQoL-8D, (ii) respiratory muscle strength, (iii) spirometry and (iv) cardiopulmonary exercise test. Results: The results showed no differences in any of the variables studied between the measurement times. Conclusions: Although none of the variables experienced improvements, the ParaSportAPP mobile application was able to lessen the impact of the pandemic on the variables studied.This work was supported by the Fundació la Marató de la TV3 under grant number 201720-10

Sex differences in postural control maturation during childhood andadolescence: a cross-sectional study in children between 4 and 17 years old

Purpose: the aim of this study was to determine the differences between the sexes in the development of postural control during childhood and adolescence. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-nine children were involved in a 30-s trial with eyes open and a 30-s trial with eyes closed. Using a Wii Balance Board, the mean velocity and median frequency in antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions were calculated, as well as the 95% confidence interval ellipse area. Results: The results showed that the youngest boys (4-5 years old) had a greater ellipse area than girls of the same age, while the girls in this age group showed a greater ellipse area ratio, although these differences disappeared until 12-13 years old. At this age, the boys showed greater mean velocity in antero-posterior direction both with eyes open and closed, as well as a greater ellipse area and mean velocity in the medio-lateral direction with eyes open. At 16-17 years old, the boys had lower mean velocity in the medio-lateral direction both with eyes open and eyes closed. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results indicate certain differences in the postural control maturation of girls and boys during childhood and adolescence.Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias entre sexos en el desarrollo del control postural durante la infancia y la adolescencia. Material y métodos: Trescientos ochenta y nueve niños participaron en un ensayo de 30s con los ojos abiertos y otro de 30s con los ojos cerrados. Utilizando una Wii Balance Board, se calculó la velocidad media y la frecuencia media en las direcciones anteroposterior y medio-lateral, así como el área de la elipse del intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que los niños más pequeños (4-5 años) tenían un área de elipse mayor que las niñas de la misma edad, mientras que las niñas de este grupo de edad mostraban una mayor relación de área de elipse, aunque estas diferencias desaparecieron hasta los 12-13 años. A esta edad, los chicos mostraron una mayor velocidad media en dirección anteroposterior tanto con los ojos abiertos como cerrados, así como una mayor área de la elipse y velocidad media en dirección medio-lateral con los ojos abiertos. A los 16-17 años, los chicos presentaban una menor velocidad media en la dirección medio-lateral tanto con los ojos abiertos como cerrados. Conclusiones: los resultados indican ciertas diferencias en la maduración del control postural de chicas y chicos durante la infancia y la adolescencia

Survival analysis of author keywords: An application to the library and information sciences area

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Peset, F, F Garzón-Farinós, LM González, X García-Massó, A Ferrer-Sapena, JL Toca-Herrera, and EA Sánchez-Pérez. 2019. "Survival Analysis of Author Keywords: An Application to the Library and Information Sciences Area." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 71 (4). Wiley: 462-73. doi:10.1002/asi.24248, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24248. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Our purpose is to adapt a statistical method for the analysis of discrete numerical series to the keywords appearing in scientific articles of a given area. As an example, we apply our methodological approach to the study of the keywords in the Library and Information Sciences (LIS) area. Our objective is to detect the new author keywords that appear in a fixed knowledge area in the period of 1 year in order to quantify the probabilities of survival for 10 years as a function of the impact of the journals where they appeared. Many of the new keywords appearing in the LIS field are ephemeral. Actually, more than half are never used again. In general, the terms most commonly used in the LIS area come from other areas. The average survival time of these keywords is approximately 3 years, being slightly higher in the case of words that were published in journals classified in the second quartile of the area. We believe that measuring the appearance and disappearance of terms will allow understanding some relevant aspects of the evolution of a discipline, providing in this way a new bibliometric approach.Peset Mancebo, MF.; Garzón Farinós, MF.; Gonzalez, L.; García-Massó, X.; Ferrer Sapena, A.; Toca-Herrera, JL.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2020). 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The Impact of COVID-19 on Sport in Twitter: A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis

[EN] The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has transformed many aspects of people's daily life, including sports. Social networks have been flooded on these issues. The present study aims to analyze the tweets produced relating to sports and COVID-19. From the end of January to the beginning of May 2020, over 4,000,000 tweets on this subject were downloaded through the Twitter search API. Once the duplicates, replicas, and retweets were removed, 119,253 original tweets were analyzed. A quantitative-qualitative content analysis was used to study the selected tweets. Posts dynamics regarding sport and exercise evolved according to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown, shifting from considering sport as a healthy bastion to an activity exposed to disease like any other. Most media professional sporting events received great attention on Twitter, while grassroots and women's sport were relegated to a residual role. The analysis of the 30 topics identified focused on the social, sporting, economic and health impact of the pandemic on the sport. Sporting cancellations, leisure time and socialization disruptions, club bankruptcies, sports training and athletes' uncertain career development were the main concerns. Although general health measures appeared in the tweets analyzed, those addressed to sports practice were relatively scarce. Finally, this study shows the importance of Twitter as a means of conveying social attitudes towards sports and COVID-19 and its potential to generate alternative responses in future stages of the pandemic.González, L.; Devis-Devis, J.; Pellicer-Chenoll, M.; Pans, M.; Pardo-Ibáñez, A.; García-Massó, X.; Peset Mancebo, MF.... (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Sport in Twitter: A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 18(9):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094554S12018