OBTENCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MEMBRANAS POLIMÉRICAS DE ULTRAFILTRACIÓN DE BAJO ENSUCIAMIENTO Y ESTUDIO DE CONDICIONES DE FABRICACIÓN

Tesis por compendio[EN] In order to improve the permselective and antifouling properties, in the present work the synthesis and development of low fouling flat-sheet polymeric ultrafiltration membranes by the incorporation of nano-sized additives with different nature (organic and inorganic) and hydrophilicity were studied. For this purpose, two different processes to modify membranes were investigated: by blending the additives in the polymer solution during the membrane synthesis (non-solvent induced phase separation or immersion-precipitation phase inversion) and by changing the surface properties of a formed membrane using UV-induced modification. In both methods, the influence of additives at different concentrations in the membrane morphology and in the permselective properties (permeability and selectivity) was studied using different analytic and microscopic techniques, such as IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle and porosity measurements. The additives used to modify the polymeric structure were: an organic polymer (polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 Da), two metal oxides (aluminium oxide and zinc oxide), and a metal dichalcogenide (tungsten disulphide). Experiments were carried out in a standard ultrafiltration pilot plant using membranes based on different polymers (polyetherimide, polysulphone, polyethersulphone) synthesised in our laboratory and commercial membranes (all these membranes were synthesised by phase-inversion method). Each experiment was divided into three stages: determination of water permeability and intrinsic membrane resistance, molecular weight cut-off determination by using model solutions consisting of polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights, and fouling/rinsing cycles using different feed solutions. Results demonstrated that the additives at specific concentrations were able to greatly improve the characteristics and permselective properties of the pristine membranes. In the same way, a higher improvement in these properties were observed using the UV-induced modification technique compared to the presence of additives in the polymer solution during the phase-inversion method, which not only allowed the preservation of the main characteristics of the pristine membrane, but also allowed the incorporation of the advantages from the additives used. Furthermore, the optimal compositions of the membranes during the different modifications to obtain a membrane with higher fouling resistance were determined.[ES] Con el fin de mejorar las propiedades permeselectivas y la resistencia al ensuciamiento, en el presente trabajo de investigación se estudió la síntesis y desarrollo de membranas poliméricas planas de ultrafiltración de bajo ensuciamiento mediante la incorporación de diversos aditivos de diferente naturaleza (orgánica e inorgánica) e hidrofilicidad a escala nanoscópica. Para ello, se investigaron dos tipos diferentes de modificación de membranas: mediante la introducción de aditivos en la disolución polimérica durante el proceso de fabricación de la membrana (método de inversión de fase vía precipitación por inmersión), y mediante la modificación superficial de membranas ya fabricadas inducida por radiación ultravioleta. En ambos métodos, la influencia de los aditivos a distintas concentraciones en la morfología y en las propiedades permeselectivas (permeabilidad y selectividad) de las membranas poliméricas fue estudiada mediante distintas técnicas analíticas y microscópicas (espectroscopia infrarroja, microscopia electrónica de barrido, microscopía de fuerza atómica, medidas de mojabilidad, mediante ángulo de contacto, y determinación de porosidad, entre otros). Los aditivos seleccionados para modificar la estructura polimérica fueron un compuesto orgánico (polietilenglicol con un peso molecular de 400 Da), dos óxidos metálicos (óxido de aluminio y óxido de zinc) y un calcogenuro (disulfuro de tungsteno). Los ensayos se realizaron a escala de laboratorio en una planta de ultrafiltración convencional con membranas de distinto material polimérico (poliéterimida, polisulfona y poliétersulfona) y con membranas comerciales (todas ellas de poliétersulfona fabricadas por el método de inversión de fase). Cada ensayo fue dividido en tres etapas: determinación de permeabilidad hidráulica y resistencia intrínseca de membrana, determinación de umbral de corte molecular (molecular weight cut-off) con disoluciones modelo de distintos pesos moleculares de polietilenglicol y ciclos de ensuciamiento/aclarado con distintas disoluciones alimento. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los aditivos a ciertas concentraciones fueron capaces de mejorar enormemente las propiedades intrínsecas y permeselectivas de las membranas originales. Del mismo modo, se observó la mayor eficiencia de la modificación inducida por radiación ultravioleta para preservar las características de la membrana original y, además, añadir las ventajas de los aditivos utilizados. Con todo ello, se determinaron las composiciones óptimas de los aditivos durante las modificaciones tanto internas como superficiales de las membranas para obtener membranas resistentes al ensuciamiento.[CA] Amb la finalitat de millorar les propietats permselectives i la resistència a l'embrutament, en el present treball d'investigació es va estudiar la síntesi i el desenvolupament de membranes polimèriques planes d'ultrafiltració de baix embrutament mitjançant la incorporació de diversos additius de diferent naturalesa (orgánica i inorgánica) i hidrofilicitat a escala nanoscòpica. Per a això, s'investigaren dos tipus diferents de modificació de membranes: mitjançant la introducció d'additius en la dissolució polimèrica durant el procés de fabricació de la membrana (mètode d'inversió de fase via precipitació per immersió), i mitjançant la modificació superficial de membranes ja fabricades induïda per radiació ultraviolada. En ambdós mètodes, la influència dels additius a diferents concentracions en la morfologia i en les propietats permselectives (permeabilitat i selectivitat) de les membranes polimèriques va estudiar-se mitjançant diferents tècniques analítiques i microscòpiques (com espectroscòpia infraroja, microscòpia electrònica de rastreig, microscòpia de força atòmica, mesures de mullabilitat per mitjà d'àngul de contacte, determinació de porositat). Els additius seleccionats per a modificar la estructura polimèrica van ser un compost orgànic (polietilenglicol amb un pes molecular de 400 Da), dos òxids metàl·lics (òxid d'alumini i òxid de zinc) i un calcogenur (disulfur de tungstèn). Els assaigs es varen realitzar a escala de laboratori en una planta d'ultrafiltració convencional amb membranes de diferent material polimèric (poliéterimida, polisulfona i poliétersufona) i amb membranes comercials (totes elles fabricades pel mètode d'inversió de fase). Cada assaig va dividir-se en tres etapes: determinació de permeabilitat hidràulica i resistència intrínseca de membrana, determinació d'umbral de tall molecular amb dissolucions models de diferents pesos moleculars de polietilenglicol i cicles d'embrutament/aclarat amb diferents dissolucions aliment. Els resultats obtinguts mostraren que els additius a determinades concentracions van ser capaços de millorar enormement les característiques i propietats permselectives de les membranes originals. De la mateixa manera, es va observar la major eficiència de la modificació induïda per radiació ultraviolada per a preservar les característiques de la membrana original i a més, afegir els avantatges dels additius utilitzats. Amb tot això, les composicions òptimes dels additius durant les modificacions tant internes com superficial de les membranes per a obtenir membranes resistents a l'embrutament van ser determinades.García Ivars, J. (2015). OBTENCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MEMBRANAS POLIMÉRICAS DE ULTRAFILTRACIÓN DE BAJO ENSUCIAMIENTO Y ESTUDIO DE CONDICIONES DE FABRICACIÓN [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54125TESISCompendi

Integrating Overtourism in the Smart Tourism Cities Agenda

This research note explores how cities that develop a smart city and/or smart destination strategy approach the management of overtourism. A group of cities with uneven tourism pressure in Spain and Portugal have been expressly selected. Using a qualitative methodology, the findings show that overtourism is a complex phenomenon comprising highly diverse processes and constitutes a localised problem in specific areas of each city. The measures for addressing overtourism include regulatory measures and the occasional use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). There is a need for an increasing use of technology that could have a wider scope if the smart city/destination strategy were more consolidated from a holistic point of view

Application of post-consumer recycled high-impact polystyrene in the preparation of phase-inversion membranes for low-pressure membrane processes

[EN] In this study, recycled plastic waste was successfully used in preparing low-pressure membranes by phase-inversion method. These membranes are considered as an alternative solution for economical and environmental concerns, namely: water reclamation as well as polymer recycling and reuse. Post-consumer recycled high-impact polystyrene and virgin commercial high-impact polystyrene were separately used to prepare membranes, which were thereafter compared in terms of their respective characteristics and performance. N,N-dimethylacetamide and deionised water were used as a solvent and coagulant, respectively. Membranes were characterised by microscopic observations, contact angle measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and filtration experiments. The recycled polymeric membranes presented similar thermal properties as the membranes made from commercial high-impact polystyrene, which were used as control membranes. They also obtained similar asymmetric membrane structures, however with slightly higher porosity (from 47.54 ± 5.53% for control membranes to 52.31 ± 4.33% for recycled polymeric membranes). The presence of additives in the recycled polymeric structure was confirmed by EDX results. Such additives made the membranes to become more hydrophilic, reducing the water contact angle value from 81.78 ± 3.42° obtained for control membranes to 79.19 ± 4.15°. Moreover, irreversible fouling was satisfactorily minimised and humic acid rejection was very slightly enhanced (from 95.5 ± 0.2 to 96 ± 0.1%). This indicates that the more hydrophilic the membrane is, the better antifouling properties it possesses. Thus, the results of the post-consumer recycled high-impact polystyrene suggest that they can provide a sustainable and environmental alternative when implemented in low-pressure membrane processes.García-Ivars, J.; Wang-Xu, X.; Iborra Clar, MI. (2017). Application of post-consumer recycled high-impact polystyrene in the preparation of phase-inversion membranes for low-pressure membrane processes. Separation and Purification Technology. 175:340-351. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.061S34035117

El "stock" de capital en España y sus comunidades autónomas. Análisis de los cambios en la composición de la inversión y las dotaciones de capital entre 1995 y 2022 [Reseña de libro]

Reseña de: Pérez-García, F., Mas Ivars, M. y Fernández de Guevara, J. (Dirs.) (2023). El stock de capital en España y sus comunidades autónomas. Análisis de los cambios en la composición de la inversión y las dotaciones de capital entre 1995 y 2022. Fundación BBVA. Investigaciones Regionales–Journal of Regional Research, 2023/2(56), 163-168

Patrimonio paleontológico del municipio de Agost (Alicante-España). Secciones del Cretácico y el Paleógeno

En este artículo realizamos una breve descripción al patrimonio paleontológico del municipio de Agost, haciendo especial mención a les secciones del límite K/Pg y a las del límite Ypresiense-Luteciense, destacando la importancia patrimonial de estas localidades con el objetivo de demostrar su valor intrínseco y contribuir a su preservación.En aquest article fem una breu descripció al patrimoni paleontològic del municipi d’Agost, fent especial menció de les seccions del límit del K/Pg i del les del límit Ipresià-Lutecià, destacant la importància patrimonial d’aquestes localitats amb l’objectiu de demostrar el seu valor intrínsec i contribuir a la seua preservació.In this article we undertook a brief review of the palaeontological heritage within the township of Agost, giving special attention to the K/Pg boundary sections as well as the Ypresian-Lutetian boundary section, focusing on the patrimonal value of this localities, with the objective to showcase their inherent value and contribute to its preservation

Xf-Rovim. A Field Robot to Detect Olive Trees Infected by Xylella Fastidiosa Using Proximal Sensing

[EN] The use of remote sensing to map the distribution of plant diseases has evolved considerably over the last three decades and can be performed at different scales, depending on the area to be monitored, as well as the spatial and spectral resolution required. This work describes the development of a small low-cost field robot (Remotely Operated Vehicle for Infection Monitoring in orchards, XF-ROVIM), which is intended to be a flexible solution for early detection of Xylella fastidiosa (X. fastidiosa) in olive groves at plant to leaf level. The robot is remotely driven and fitted with different sensing equipment to capture thermal, spectral and structural information about the plants. Taking into account the height of the olive trees inspected, the design includes a platform that can raise the cameras to adapt the height of the sensors to a maximum of 200 cm. The robot was tested in an olive grove (4 ha) potentially infected by X. fastidiosa in the region of Apulia, southern Italy. The tests were focused on investigating the reliability of the mechanical and electronic solutions developed as well as the capability of the sensors to obtain accurate data. The four sides of all trees in the crop were inspected by travelling along the rows in both directions, showing that it could be easily adaptable to other crops. XF-ROVIM was capable of inspecting the whole field continuously, capturing geolocated spectral information and the structure of the trees for later comparison with the in situ observations.This work was partially supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 727987 Xylella Fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy (XF-ACTORS).Rey, B.; Aleixos Borrás, MN.; Cubero-García, S.; Blasco Ivars, J. (2019). Xf-Rovim. A Field Robot to Detect Olive Trees Infected by Xylella Fastidiosa Using Proximal Sensing. Remote Sensing. 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030221113Martelli, G. P., Boscia, D., Porcelli, F., & Saponari, M. (2015). The olive quick decline syndrome in south-east Italy: a threatening phytosanitary emergency. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 144(2), 235-243. doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0784-7Olmo, D., Nieto, A., Adrover, F., Urbano, A., Beidas, O., Juan, A., … Landa, B. B. (2017). First Detection of Xylella fastidiosa Infecting Cherry (Prunus avium) and Polygala myrtifolia Plants, in Mallorca Island, Spain. Plant Disease, 101(10), 1820-1820. doi:10.1094/pdis-04-17-0590-pdnSaponari, M., Giampetruzzi, A., Loconsole, G., Boscia, D., & Saldarelli, P. (2019). Xylella fastidiosa in Olive in Apulia: Where We Stand. Phytopathology®, 109(2), 175-186. doi:10.1094/phyto-08-18-0319-fiVergara-Díaz, O., Zaman-Allah, M. A., Masuka, B., Hornero, A., Zarco-Tejada, P., Prasanna, B. M., … Araus, J. L. (2016). A Novel Remote Sensing Approach for Prediction of Maize Yield Under Different Conditions of Nitrogen Fertilization. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00666Thenkabail, P. S., & Lyon, J. G. (Eds.). (2016). Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation. doi:10.1201/b11222Calderón, R., Navas-Cortés, J. A., Lucena, C., & Zarco-Tejada, P. J. (2013). High-resolution airborne hyperspectral and thermal imagery for early detection of Verticillium wilt of olive using fluorescence, temperature and narrow-band spectral indices. Remote Sensing of Environment, 139, 231-245. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.031Gonzalez-Dugo, V., Hernandez, P., Solis, I., & Zarco-Tejada, P. (2015). Using High-Resolution Hyperspectral and Thermal Airborne Imagery to Assess Physiological Condition in the Context of Wheat Phenotyping. Remote Sensing, 7(10), 13586-13605. doi:10.3390/rs71013586Hernández-Clemente, R., Navarro-Cerrillo, R., Ramírez, F., Hornero, A., & Zarco-Tejada, P. (2014). A Novel Methodology to Estimate Single-Tree Biophysical Parameters from 3D Digital Imagery Compared to Aerial Laser Scanner Data. Remote Sensing, 6(11), 11627-11648. doi:10.3390/rs61111627Colaço, A. F., Molin, J. P., Rosell-Polo, J. R., & Escolà, A. (2018). Application of light detection and ranging and ultrasonic sensors to high-throughput phenotyping and precision horticulture: current status and challenges. Horticulture Research, 5(1). doi:10.1038/s41438-018-0043-0Ma, Q., Su, Y., Luo, L., Li, L., Kelly, M., & Guo, Q. (2018). Evaluating the uncertainty of Landsat-derived vegetation indices in quantifying forest fuel treatments using bi-temporal LiDAR data. Ecological Indicators, 95, 298-310. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.07.050Ma, Q., Su, Y., & Guo, Q. (2017). Comparison of Canopy Cover Estimations From Airborne LiDAR, Aerial Imagery, and Satellite Imagery. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 10(9), 4225-4236. doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2711482Martinelli, F., Scalenghe, R., Davino, S., Panno, S., Scuderi, G., Ruisi, P., … Dandekar, A. M. (2014). Advanced methods of plant disease detection. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(1), 1-25. doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0246-1Calderón, R., Navas-Cortés, J., & Zarco-Tejada, P. (2015). Early Detection and Quantification of Verticillium Wilt in Olive Using Hyperspectral and Thermal Imagery over Large Areas. Remote Sensing, 7(5), 5584-5610. doi:10.3390/rs70505584Zarco-Tejada, P. J., Camino, C., Beck, P. S. A., Calderon, R., Hornero, A., Hernández-Clemente, R., … Navas-Cortes, J. A. (2018). Previsual symptoms of Xylella fastidiosa infection revealed in spectral plant-trait alterations. Nature Plants, 4(7), 432-439. doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0189-7Aasen, H., Honkavaara, E., Lucieer, A., & Zarco-Tejada, P. (2018). Quantitative Remote Sensing at Ultra-High Resolution with UAV Spectroscopy: A Review of Sensor Technology, Measurement Procedures, and Data Correction Workflows. Remote Sensing, 10(7), 1091. doi:10.3390/rs10071091Vicent, A., & Blasco, J. (2017). When prevention fails. Towards more efficient strategies for plant disease eradication. New Phytologist, 214(3), 905-908. doi:10.1111/nph.14555Wang, X., Singh, D., Marla, S., Morris, G., & Poland, J. (2018). Field-based high-throughput phenotyping of plant height in sorghum using different sensing technologies. Plant Methods, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s13007-018-0324-5Bourgeon, M. A., Gée, C., Debuisson, S., Villette, S., Jones, G., & Paoli, J. N. (2016). « On-the-go » multispectral imaging system to characterize the development of vineyard foliage with quantitative and qualitative vegetation indices. Precision Agriculture, 18(3), 293-308. doi:10.1007/s11119-016-9489-yUnderwood, J. P., Hung, C., Whelan, B., & Sukkarieh, S. (2016). Mapping almond orchard canopy volume, flowers, fruit and yield using lidar and vision sensors. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 130, 83-96. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2016.09.014Zampetti, E., Papa, P., Di Flaviano, F., Paciucci, L., Petracchini, F., Pirrone, N., … Macagnano, A. (2017). Remotely Controlled Terrestrial Vehicle Integrated Sensory System for Environmental Monitoring. Sensors, 338-343. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55077-0_43Hiremath, S. A., van der Heijden, G. W. A. M., van Evert, F. K., Stein, A., & ter Braak, C. J. F. (2014). Laser range finder model for autonomous navigation of a robot in a maize field using a particle filter. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 100, 41-50. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2013.10.005Pérez-Ruiz, M., Gonzalez-de-Santos, P., Ribeiro, A., Fernandez-Quintanilla, C., Peruzzi, A., Vieri, M., … Agüera, J. (2015). Highlights and preliminary results for autonomous crop protection. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 110, 150-161. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2014.11.010Weiss, M., Baret, F., Smith, G. J., Jonckheere, I., & Coppin, P. (2004). Review of methods for in situ leaf area index (LAI) determination. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121(1-2), 37-53. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.001Hosoi, F., & Omasa, K. (2006). Voxel-Based 3-D Modeling of Individual Trees for Estimating Leaf Area Density Using High-Resolution Portable Scanning Lidar. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(12), 3610-3618. doi:10.1109/tgrs.2006.881743Stein, M., Bargoti, S., & Underwood, J. (2016). Image Based Mango Fruit Detection, Localisation and Yield Estimation Using Multiple View Geometry. Sensors, 16(11), 1915. doi:10.3390/s16111915Saponari, M., Boscia, D., Altamura, G., Loconsole, G., Zicca, S., D’Attoma, G., … Martelli, G. P. (2017). Isolation and pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa associated to the olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17957-

LOS DETERMINANTES DE LA EVOLUCION DE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD EN ESPANA

The paper explains the evolution of total factor productivity in theSpanish economy during the years 1964-1987. In its first part it describesthe stylized facts of the Spanish growth process and, after discussing theefficiency measurement cntena to be used, points out that the Spanisheconomy does not show clear advantages as contrasted with other countriesperformance in total factor productivity. The second part is devoted to studythe explanatory factors of productivity temporal profile - qualification oflabor and capital and stmctural change - as well as their contnbution tothe interpretation of econornic growth. El artículo se centra en la explicación de la evolución de laproductividad total de los factores en la economía espaiíola durante los años1964-1987. En la primera parte, se describen los hechos estilizados delproceso de crecimiento español y, tras discutir sobre los criterios de medidaa utilizar, se señala que la economía española no muestra unas ventajasclaras en la productividad total de los factores cuando se contrasta con losresultados de otros paises. La segunda parte se dedica al estudio de losfactores explicativos del perfil temporal de la productividad - lacualificación del trabajo y el capital y el cambio estructural - así como sucontribución a la interpretación del crecimiento económico.

Influence of microroughness on the frictional behavior and wear response of planar saw-cut rock surfaces

Saw-cut rock surfaces, classically utilized to estimate basic friction angle of discontinuities by means of tilt test and other procedures, may seem planar to the naked eye. Nevertheless, they actually present roughness at a micrometric scale. Aiming at characterizing some of these saw-cut rock surfaces and assessing the possible implications between their microscale topography and the resulting tribological behavior, the authors of this study resorted to the 3D focus-variation technique to analyze different surface-texture parameters. Tilt tests were carried out on specimens cut on three rock types, and the involved sliding surfaces were evaluated at a microscale for different testing stages (prior to any test and after two series of repeated tests). An apparently logical inverse correlation between repeated testing and friction angle has been observed, more marked for the smoother surfaces. Higher roughness at the scale of the analysis tends to produce lower friction-angle values, as otherwise observed for mismatched natural rock surfaces. In addition, saw-cut rock surfaces present systematically negative skewness and high values of kurtosis for their height distributions, indicating the occurrence of narrow and deep pits or valleys. Directional hybrid parameters and, in particular, the root mean square (RMS) of the gradient of the surface in the direction of sliding correlates rather well with the measured sliding angle. The authors concluded that the 3D focus-variation technique represents a powerful tool to assess surface-texture parameters of saw-cut rock surfaces, in addition to being useful for understanding some features of the tribological, or wear and frictional, behavior of these type of surfaces.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-093563-B-I0

Preferencias de gasto reveladas por las CC.AA.

This paper questions whether the main argument in favour of decentralization (the recognition of a territorial diversity of preferences when deciding on public expenditure) is validated ID the Spanish Central-Regional Governments framework. Using information supplied by the Regional Government Budgets it is shown that preferences are in fact different, as for similar financing levels spending structures differ. The use of lineally homogeneous welfare functions to represent these joint preferences is also discussed. The conclusions are relevant for two reasons: 1.- for baring evidence on a basic assumption found in the literature on fiscal federalism and 2.- as a consequence of the argument above, for emphasizing that, with different preferences, unanimous conclusions cannot be drawn from the discussion of the financial capacity of the regional governments, because there are no common spending objectives. El presente trabajo plantea si el argumento central a favor de la descentralización (la diversidad territorial de preferencias frente al gasto público), es validado en el Estado de las Autonomías. A partir de la información suministrada por los Presupuestos de las Comunidades Autónomas se confirma que las preferencias son efectivamente distintas, pues para niveles similares de financiación las estructuras de gasto difieren. Además, el trabajo discute la idoneidad de utilizar funciones de bienestar linealmente homogéneas para representar dichas preferencias colectivas. Las conclusiones obtenidas son relevantes por dos razones: 1.- por aportar evidencia sobre un supuesto básico de la literatura del federalismo fiscal y 2.- como consecuencia de lo anterior, por poner de relieve que, con preferencias distintas, de la discusión sobre la suficiencia financiera de las CC.AA. no se pueden esperar conclusiones unánimes, porque los objetivos de gasto no son comunes.

VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging and N-way PLS-DA models for detection of decay lesions in citrus fruits

[EN] In this work an N-way partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA) methodology is developed to detect symptoms of disease caused by Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruits (green mould) using visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) hyperspectral images. To build the discriminant model a set of oranges and mandarins was infected by the fungus and another set was infiltrated just with water for control purposes. A double cross-validation strategy is used to validate the discriminant models. Finally, permutation testing is used to select a few bands offering the best correct classification rates in the validation set. The discriminant models developed here can be potentially implemented in a fruit packinghouse to detect infected citrus fruits at their arrival from the field with affordable multispectral (3 5 channels) cameras installed in the packinglines.This research was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through grants DPI2011-28112-C04-02 and DPI2014-55276-C05-1R, and by INIA through grant RTA2012-00062-C04-01. In all cases with the support of European FEDER funds. Authors thank Lluis Palou from the Centro de Tecnologia Postcosecha at the IVIA for the help and supervision in the innoculation process of the fruits.Folch Fortuny, A.; Prats-Montalbán, JM.; Cubero-García, S.; Blasco Ivars, J.; Ferrer, A. (2016). VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging and N-way PLS-DA models for detection of decay lesions in citrus fruits. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 156:241-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2016.05.005S24124815