Distribución de la escama blanca del mango Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) en Nayarit, México

El mango es el frutal más importante que se produce en Nayarit. Es atacado por la escama blanca Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (EBM), que puede producir pérdidas de hasta 50% de frutos cuando no se le controla. Debido a que se requiere un conocimiento de la presencia de la plaga para fines de manejo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la distribución geográfica e intensidad de infestación de la escama en Nayarit, con relación a diferentes alturas sobre el nivel del mar, a las dos principales variedades de mango y a la edad de los huertos. Durante tres años (2007-2009) se realizaron muestreos en los municipios productores de mango de Nayarit, en los periodos de fructificación (Abril-Junio de cada año). Durante 2007 se realizaron muestreos en 217 huertos comerciales, situados en 38 poblaciones; en 2008 se muestrearon 220 huertos de 45 poblados y en 2009 se muestrearon 83 huertos de 23 poblados. Se determinó que los huertos de mango situados en el sur del estado presentaron en general las mayores densidades de escama en follaje y las más altas infestaciones de frutos. Los municipios de Compostela y Bahía de Banderas resultaron con las mayores infestaciones de la plaga; San Blas y Tepic con infestaciones moderadamente altas; y Santiago Ixcuintla y Tecuala con infestaciones bajas. No se detectó la escama en Acaponeta, Rosamorada y Ruiz. Las mayores infestaciones de la EBM ocurrieron en huertos situados en alturas de 0- 500 m, en huertos de mango ‘Ataulfo’ o en huertos menores de 10 años de edad

Healthcare-associated pneumonia: a prospective study in Spain

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics and factors related to outcome in Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Methods: A 3-year prospective observational epidemiological case study of HCAP was conducted in seven Spanish hospitals. Microbiological and patient characteristics and outcomes were collected and classified by causative pathogen into 4 categories: "S. pneumoniae", "MRSA", "Others" and "Unknown". Patients were followed up 30 days after discharge. Results: A total of 258 (84.6%) patients were enrolled (170 were men [65.9%]). Mean age was 72.4 years ± 15 years (95% CI [70.54-74.25]). The etiology of pneumonia was identified in 73 cases (28.3%): S. pneumoniae in 35 patients (13.6%), MRSA in 8 (3.1%), and other microorganisms in 30 patients (11.6%). Significant differences in rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.05), previous antibiotic treatment (p<0.05), other chronic respiratory diseases, inhaled corticosteroids (p <0.01), and lymphoma (p < 0.05) were observed among the four groups. Patients with MRSA pneumonia had received more previous antibiotic treatment (87.5%). Thirty-three (12.8%) patients died during hospitalisation; death in 27 (81.2%) was related to pneumonia. Conclusions: The etiology of HCAP was identified in only one quarter of patients, with S. pneumoniae being the most prevalent microorganism. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases more frequently presented HCAP due to MRSA than to S. pneumoniae. Death at hospital discharge was related in most cases to pneumonia.Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas y factores relacionados con la neumonía asociada a cuidados sanitarios (NACS) causada por Streptococcus pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM). Pacientes y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico observacional prospectivo de casos a 3 años en siete hospitales españoles. Se recogieron las características microbiológicas y de los pacientes y sus resultados y se clasificaron en función del patógeno causante en 4 categorías: ?S. pneumoniae?, ?SARM?, ?Otros? y ?Desconocido?. Al alta, se realizó un seguimiento de 30 días. Resultados: Se incluyeron 258 (84,6%) pacientes (170 hombres [65.9%]; edad media 72,4 años ± 15 años (95% IC [70,54-74,25]). La etiología de la neumonía se identificó en 73 casos (28,3%):S. pneumoniae en 35 pacientes (13,6%), SARM en 8 (3,1%) y otros microorganismos en 30 pacientes (11,6%). Hubo diferencias significativas en tasas de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (p < 0,05), tratamiento antibiótico previo (p < 0,05), otras enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, corticoides inhalados (p < 0,01) y linfoma (p < 0,05) entre los cuatro grupos. Los pacientes con NACS causada por SARM recibieron tratamiento antibiótico previo en mayor medida (87,5%). Treinta y tres (12,8%) pacientes murieron durante la hospitalización; en 27 (81,2%) debido a la neumonía. Conclusiones: Se identificó la etiología de la NACS en solo un cuarto de los pacientes, siendo S. pneumoniae el patógeno más frecuente. En los pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas fue más frecuente la NACS causada por SARM. La muerte tras el alta hospitalaria se relacionó con la neumonía en la mayoría de los casos

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Interacción de factores ambientales y enemigos naturales con poblaciones de Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead en Nayarit, México

The objective of this study was to know the population dynamics of the white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularisNewstead at different temperatures and determine the relationships between climate factors and natural enemies with the populations of the scale. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 on seven mango thefts (Manguifera indicaL.) of the Ataulfo cultivar, located in places with different temperatures in San Blas, Nayarit. In each orchard, populations of white scales and their insect predators were recorded every two weeks. Variance analyzes were carried out to compare the populations between sampling dates and localities; correlations were also obtained between temperature, rainfall and the complex of predators with the populations of the pest. The highest population levels of the white scale of mango were recorded during the period with higher temperatures and without rainfall (April-June); in contrast, during the period with rainfall, the population in all orchards was scarce or nonexistent. A positive correlation of the temperature was determined with the population of the white scale of the mango, in such a way that the increase of the temperature during the year favored the increase of the populations of the pest. In contrast, rainfall negativelyimpacted the pest by drastically reducing the density of its populations. Finally, the increase of the populations of the scale favored the increase of the population density of the complex of predators of the plague.El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la dinámica poblacional de la escama blanca del mango, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead a diferentes temperaturas y determinar las relaciones que existen entre factores de clima y enemigos naturales con las poblaciones de la escama. El estudio se realizó en 2013-2014 en siete hurtos de mango (Manguifera indica L.) del cultivar Ataulfo, situados en lugares con diferentes temperaturas en San Blas, Nayarit. En cada huerto se registró quincenalmente las poblaciones de escama blanca y de sus depredadores insectiles. Se realizaron análisis de varianza para comparar las poblaciones entre fechas de muestreo y localidades, también se obtuvieron correlaciones entre temperatura, precipitación pluvial y el complejo de depredadores con las poblaciones de la plaga. Los niveles poblacionales más altos de la escama blanca del mango se registraron durante el periodo con temperaturas más altas y sin precipitación pluvial (abril-junio); en contraste, durante el periodo con precipitación pluvial, la población en todos los huertos fue escasa o nula. Se determinó correlación positiva de la temperatura con la población de la escama blanca del mango, de tal manera que el aumento de la temperatura durante el año favoreció el incremento de las poblaciones de la plaga. En contraste, la precipitación pluvial impactó negativamente a la plaga al reducir drásticamente la densidad de sus poblaciones. Finalmente, el aumento de las poblaciones de la escama favoreció el incremento de la densidad poblacional del complejo de depredadores de la plaga

Efecto de poda en escama blanca y producción de mango ‘Ataulfo’

The high bearing and closed crowns in fruit create favorable conditions for the development of pests, yield reduction and hinder management practices. Tree growth can be controlled through pruning, which favors light penetration, high productivity and fruit quality. The objective was to determine the effect of different types and intensity of pruning, alone or combined with detergent, on white mango scale populations, production and fruit quality of mango ‘Ataulfo’. The study was conducted during 20122013 and 2013-2014 in orchards from the municipality of Tepic, Nayarit. Two experiments were established: one to determine the effect of pruning intensity (0, 50 and 75 cm trimming) and others types of pruning (no pruning, cube and pine), with or without detergent application under a completely random design with factorial arragement (3*2). The intensity and types of pruning decreased flowering 15- 20% in the immediate year to prunning, but in the second year it increased in pruned trees. On the second year, trees with light and severe pruning increased yield in 26 and 20%, respectively, compared to controls; with cube and pine pruning the increase was 14% and 21%, respectively. Pruned trees produced fruits of greater weight and had no damage by scale, while no pruning trees and without detergent had low damage by scale. Pruning and application of detergent in mango trees keeps low white mango scale populations in the months of highest incidence. Keywords: Mangifera indica L.; fluctuation; population; pruning intesity; pruning types; yieldEl alto porte y copas cerradas en frutales crean condiciones propicias para el desarrollo de plagas, reducción en el rendimiento y dificultan las prácticas de manejo. El crecimiento de los árboles puede ser controlado mediante la poda, lo que favorece la penetración de la luz, alta productividad y calidad del fruto. El objetivo fue conocer el efecto de diferentes tipos e intensidad de poda, sola o combinada con detergente, sobre poblaciones de escama blanca, producción y calidad de fruto de mango ‘Ataulfo’. El estudio se realizó durante 2012-2013 y 2013-2014 en huertos del municipio de Tepic, Nayarit. Se establecieron dos experimentos: uno para determinar el efecto de intensidad de poda (0, 50 y 75 cm de despunte) y otros con tipos de poda (sin poda, tipo cubo y tipo pino), con o sin aplicación de detergente bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (3*2). La intensidad y tipos de poda disminuyeron 15- 20% la floración en el año inmediato a la poda, pero en el segundo año ésta se incrementó en árboles podados. Al segundo año, árboles con poda ligera y severa incrementaron el rendimiento en 26 y 20%, respectivamente, respecto a los testigos; con poda tipo cubo y pino el incremento fue 14% y 21%, respectivamente. Los árboles podados produjeron frutos de mayor peso y no tuvieron daño por escama, en tanto que árboles sin poda y sin detergente presentaron leve daño por escama. La poda y la aplicación de detergente en árboles de mango mantienen bajas las poblaciones de escama blanca en los meses de mayor incidencia. Palabras clave: Mangifera indica L.; fluctuación; intensidad de poda; poblacional; tipos de poda rendimient

San Blas: variedad de frijol Negro Opaco resistente a BCMV y BCMNV para Nayarit y El Bajío de Guanajuato

A new variety of beans is described, ‘San Blas’, whose main characteristics are its type of grain in high demand in Mexico and its resistance to the common bean mosaic virus (BCMV) and the mosaic virus and common bean necrosis (BCMNV), since it has the combination of genes II+ bc-3. San Blas was derived from the cross between Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3. The final selection of the line that gave rise to San Blas was carried out by inoculation with the necrotic strain BCMNV NL-3, and genotyping with the molecular markers (MMs) SW13 and ENM, associated with genes IIand bc-3, respectively.The San Blas plant has an indeterminate, semi-erect type II habit, with lilac-purple flowers, straw-colored pods at maturity and Negro Opacograin, oval in shape and small in size similar to Jamapa. In the Bajío, its flowering and physiological maturity occur around 45 and 92 days after sowing (dds); while in Nayarit at 40 and 80 dds, respectively. After selection with MMs and inoculation, the average yield of San Blas in six different environments in Guanajuato was 1841 kg ha-1, 12% more than that of Negro8025; while in three residual moisture environments in Nayarit it was 1927 kg ha-1, surpassing the Jamapa and Coranay varieties by 50 and 36%, respectively.Se describe una nueva variedad de frijol, ‘San Blas’, cuyas características principales son su tipo de grano de alta demanda en México y su resistencia al virus del mosaico común del frijol (BCMV) y al virus del mosaico y la necrosis común de frijol (BCMNV), ya que posee la combinación de genes II + bc-3. San Blas se derivó de la cruza entre Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3. La selección final de la línea que dio origen a San Blas se realizó por inoculación con la cepa necrótica BCMNV NL-3, y la genotipificación con los marcadores moleculares (MMs) SW13 y ENM, asociados a los genes II y bc-3, respectivamente. La planta de San Blas es de hábito indeterminado semierecta tipo II, con flores de color lila-morado, vainas color paja en madurez y grano negro opaco, de forma ovalada y tamaño pequeño similar al de Jamapa. En El Bajío, su floración y madurez fisiológica ocurren alrededor de los 45 y 92 días después de la siembra (dds); mientras que en Nayarit a los 40 y 80 dds, respectivamente. Después de la selección con MMs e inoculación, el rendimiento promedio de San Blas en seis ambientes diversos en Guanajuato fue de 1841 kg ha-1, 12% más que el de Negro 8025; mientras que en tres ambientes de humedad residual en Nayarit fue de 1927 kg ha-1, superando a las variedades Jamapa y Coranay en 50 y 36%, respectivamente

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization