El sistema urbano rural del sureste de Coahuila, una región “ganadora” con políticas públicas permisivas ante la degradación ambiental: el caso de los CIMARI

El sistema urbano rural (SUR) del sureste de Coahuila ha sido catalogado como una región “ganadora” por su articulación a inversiones extranjeras alrededor de la industria automotriz. Esto debido a la ventaja competitiva que le da su localización respecto al Eje Tex-Mex (Texas y Nuevo León), y en el “corredor” de las ciudades de Saltillo y Ramos Arizpe. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo, en este SUR, se aplican políticas públicas por los tres órdenes de gobierno, que catalizan la degradación del entorno, con el riesgo de trastornar la salud, y el bienestar de poblaciones rurales, y la conservación de los ecosistemas locales. Aquí se están violando normas internacionales aceptadas formalmente por México, relativas a la realización de proyectos que implican graves riesgos para la salud de las poblaciones y la degradación de los ecosistemas regionales. Estas políticas son el resultado de la colusión de intereses de autoridades corruptas e individuos y empresas ambiciosos que tejen redes, usando procedimientos inmorales e ilegales. Llegan al grado de mentir y engañar a los pobladores rurales para que acepten la realización de proyectos perjudiciales para ellos, y además, en el entramado de intereses a nivel ayuntamientos, logran las autorizaciones para llevar a cabo sus propósitos. La precariedad de los habitantes rurales y de los ayuntamientos de municipios elegidos para ubicar basureros tóxicos, ha sido aprovechada para “legalizar” los trámites de estos proyectos. Tal es el caso de la autorización del Cabildo del municipio de General Cepeda, Coahuila para el establecimiento de uno de estos basureros, lo que ha levantado una ola de protestas que amenaza la gobernanza ambiental del SUR del sureste de Coahuila. El mismo procedimiento de engaños fue utilizado en el intento por apoderase del agua del subsuelo de ejidos de Saltillo, y por la minera Goldcorp en los vecinos municipios de Mazapil y Melchor Ocampo, Zacatecas

A 3D-Printed Large Holding Capacity Device for Minimum Volume Cooling Vitrification of Embryos in Prolific Livestock Species

[EN] Although many devices have been developed to reduce sample volume, with an explosion of methods appearing in the literature over the last decade, commercially available devices with simultaneous vitrification of a larger number of embryos are scarce, with the apparent gap for their use in prolific livestock species. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a new three-dimensional (3D)-printed device that combines minimum volume cooling vitrification with simultaneous vitrification of a larger number of rabbit embryos. Late morulae/early blastocysts were vitrified with the open Cryoeyelet® device (n = 175; 25 embryos per device), the open Cryotop® device (n = 175; 10 embryos per device), and the traditional closed French mini-straw device (n = 125; 25 embryos per straw) and compared in terms of in vitro development and reproductive performance after transfer to adoptive mothers. Fresh embryos constituted the control group (n = 125). In experiment 1, there was no difference in the development rate to the blastocyst hatching stage between the CryoEyelet® and the other devices. In experiment 2, the CryoEyelet® device showed a higher implantation rate compared with the Cryotop® (6.3% unit of SD, p = 0.87) and French mini-straw® (16.8% unit of SD, p = 1.00) devices. In terms of offspring rate, the CryoEyelet® device was similar to the Cryotop® device but superior to the French straw device. Regarding embryonic and fetal losses, the CryoEyelet® showed lower embryonic losses compared to other vitrification devices. The analysis of bodyweight showed that all devices showed a similar outcomes-a higher birthweight but a lower body weight at puberty than those in the fresh transfer embryos group. In summary, the CryoEyelet® device can be used for the vitrification of many late morulae or early blastocyst stage rabbit embryos per device. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the CryoEyelet® device in other polytocous species for the simultaneous vitrification of a large number of embryos.This research was funded by the Funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU /PRTR (PDC2021-120767-I00).Marco-Jiménez, F.; Garcia-Dominguez, X.; García-Valero, L.; Vicente Antón, JS. (2023). A 3D-Printed Large Holding Capacity Device for Minimum Volume Cooling Vitrification of Embryos in Prolific Livestock Species. Animals. 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1305079113

Relationships between Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Motivational Climate among Adolescent Football Players

Background: Emotional and motivational factors are fundamental in the context of sport, as they directly relate to sports performance and anxiety. Methods: The present study aimed to analyze the relationships between motivational climate (MC), emotional intelligence (EI), and anxiety within a sample of footballers playing at a low level. The sample was composed of 282 registered football players aged between 16 and 18 years old (16.96 0.77), playing in the lower tier in the province of Jaen (Spain). Data were self-reported, with participants responding to the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the Schutte Self-Report Inventory (SSRI), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: The results showed that footballers who reported higher levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety also demonstrated lower EI and more negatively perceived and regulated their emotions. Moreover, an ego-oriented climate was associated with higher levels of anxiety, while a task-oriented climate was related to lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of EI. No relationship was identified between the emotional aspects of young footballers and holding a motivational orientation toward an ego climate. Conclusions: Football players who more greatly perceived a task-oriented climate had higher EI and usually reported lower levels of anxiety related to sport performance. It is therefore important to promote intrinsic motivations and develop the capacity of footballers to regulate their own emotions

Numerical simulations of snowfall events: sensitivity analysis of physical parameterizations

Accurate estimation of snowfall episodes several hours or even days in advance is essential to minimize risks to transport and other human activities. Every year, these episodes cause severe traffic problems on the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. In order to analyze the influence of different parameterization schemes, 15 snowfall days were analyzed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, defining three nested domains with resolutions of 27, 9, and 3 km. We implemented four microphysical parameterizations (WRF Single‐Moment 6‐class scheme, Goddard, Thompson, and Morrison) and two planetary boundary layer schemes (Yonsei University and Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic), yielding eight distinct combinations. To validate model estimates, a network of 97 precipitation gauges was used, together with dichotomous data of snowfall presence/absence from snowplow requests to the emergency service of Spain and observatories of the Spanish Meteorological Agency. The results indicate that the most accurate setting of WRF for the study area was that using the Thompson microphysical parameterization and Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic scheme, although the Thompson and Yonsei University combination had greater accuracy in determining the temporal distribution of precipitation over 1 day. Combining the eight deterministic members in an ensemble average improved results considerably. Further, the root mean square difference decreased markedly using a multiple linear regression as postprocessing. In addition, our method was able to provide mean ensemble precipitation and maximum expected precipitation, which can be very useful in the management of water resources. Finally, we developed an application that allows determination of the risk of snowfall above a certain threshold.This paper was supported by the following grants: TEcoAgua, METEORISK PROJECT(RTC‐2014‐1872‐5), Granimetro(CGL2010‐15930) and MINECO(CGL2011‐25327, RTC‐2014‐1872‐5 and ESP2013‐47816‐C4‐4P), and LE220A11‐2 and LE003B009 awarded by the Junta de Castilla and León

A pilgrim's climatological guide to Caravaca de la Cruz

The celebration of a Jubilee Year in perpetuity is a privilege which the town of Caravaca de la Cruz shares with just a handful of world cities, including Rome, Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela. On the occasion of its Jubilee Year 2017, Spain's State Meteorology Agency (AEMET) is updating an earlier brochure, published in 2003, on the climate of this town in Murcia. Compiled by AEMET's Murcia Regional Office, this brochure (edited in Spanish and English) seeks to give travellers and pilgrims basic information about weather and climate conditions which they may find useful when planning their visi

COVID-19-related collapse of transplantation systems: A heterogeneous recovery?

The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has pushed healthcare systems to the limit worldwide. Hospital resources have been compromised, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Regarding that, some nephrologists have alerted about the potential shortages of our ability to deliver kidney replacement therapy to all patients who need it (1). Simultaneously, two reports have highlighted the collapse of organ transplantation figures in several countries such as France (91%), the US (51%) and Spain (87%), mainly due to a reduction in the number of transplants from deceased donors

Simulation of atmospheric microbursts using a numerical mesoscale model at high spatiotemporal resolution

Atmospheric microbursts are low‐level meteorological events that can produce significant damage on the surface and pose a major risk to aircraft flying close to the ground. Studies and ad hoc numerical models have been developed to understand the origin and dynamics of the microburst; nevertheless, there are few researches of the phenomenon using global and mesoscale models. This is mainly due to the limitations in resolution, as microbursts normally span for less than 4 km and 20 min. In this paper, the Weather esearch and Forecasting model is used at resolutions of 400 m and 3 min to test if it can properly capture the variables and dynamics of high‐reflectivity microbursts. Several microphysics and planetary boundary layer parametrizations are tested to find the best model configuration for the simulation of this kind of episodes. General conditions are evaluated by using thermodynamic diagrams. Surface and vertical wind speed, reflectivity, precipitation, and other variables for each simulated event are compared with observations, and the model's sensitivity to the variables is assessed. The dynamics and evolution of the microburst is evaluated using different plots of a chosen event. The results show that the model is able to reproduce high‐reflectivity microbursts in accordance with observations, although there is a tendency to underestimate the intensity of variables, most markedly on the wind vertical velocity. Regarding the microphysics schemes, the Morrison parametrization performs better than the WRF single‐moment 6‐class scheme. No major differences are found between the Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic and the Mellor‐Yamada‐Nakanishi‐Niino planetary boundary layer parametrizations.This work is supported by the Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute of the Complutense University of Madrid and the following research projects: METEORISK (RTC‐2014‐1872‐5), PCIN‐2014‐013‐C07‐04, PCIN‐2016‐080 (UE ERANET Plus NEWA Project), ESP2013‐47816‐C4‐4‐P, CGL2010‐15930, CGL2016‐81828‐REDT, FEI‐EU‐17‐16, and SAFEFLIGHT GL2016‐78702‐C2‐1‐R and CGL2016‐78702‐C2‐2‐R). This research is founded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Enterprise under the framework of the SAFEFLIGHT research project (CGL2016‐78702‐C2‐1‐R and CGL2016‐78702‐C2‐2‐R)

Relationship of sclerostin and secreted frizzled protein polymorphisms with bone mineral density: an association study with replication in postmenopausal women

Objectives.- Secreted frizzled-related protein and sclerostin, encoded by FRZB and SOST genes, respectively, are extracellular Wnt inhibitors that tend to decrease bone formation. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of sets of polymorphisms capturing common variations of these genes with bone mineral density (BMD). Methods.- Twelve polymorphic loci of the FRZB gene and 7 of the SOST gene were genotyped in postmenopausal women from two Spanish regions (Cantabria, n=1043, and Valencia, n=342). The polymorphisms included tagging SNPs and SNPs with possible functional consequences assessed in silico. Results.-The rs4666865 polymorphism of the FRZB gene was associated with spine BMD in the Cantabria cohort in the single-locus (p=0.008) and the haplotypic analysis. However, the results were not replicated in the Valencia cohort. Several polymorphisms at the 5´region of the SOST gene, and particularly rs851056, were associated with BMD in women from both cohorts (p=0.002 in Cantabria and 0.005 in Valencia). When the results of both cohorts were combined, the mean BMD difference across rs851056 genotypes was 47 mg/cm2 or 0.31 standard deviations (p<0.001). No differences in FRZB and SOST expression was detected across genotypes. Conclusions.- Polymorphisms in the 5’ region of SOST gene are associated with BMD in postmenopausal women, and consequently contribute to explain in part the hereditary influence on bone mass