Mexico city in José Joaquín Blanco’s chronicles

Este artículo analiza la imagen de la Ciudad de México configurada en la crónica mexicana a partir de los años setenta en especial en los textos de José Joaquín Blanco. Se detiene en el modo en que el género afronta la realidad de una megalópolis que ya solo puede ser asumida de modo fragmentario y múltiple. Entre la utopía y una visión apocalíptica de la ciudad, la crónica reconfigura el espacio y el tiempo urbanos, y formula una nueva identidad crítica gracias a la habilitación de espacios de expresión posibles dentro de las nuevas ciudades modificadas por el capital.The article analyses the image of Mexico City developed in the Mexican chronicle after the seventies, especially in José Joaquín Blanco texts. It focuses on how the genre faces the reality of a megalopolis which can only be conceived in a fragmentary way and from a multiple viewpoint. Between the utopia and an apocalyptic vision of the city, the chronicle reshapes the urban space and time, and formulates a new critical identity by means of adapting possible places for expression inside the new cities modified by capital

La crónica mexicana contemporánea a través de los textos de Juan Villoro y José Joaquín Blanco

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, Departamento de Filología Española IV, leída el 04/03/2013Depto. de Literaturas Hispánicas y BibliografíaFac. de FilologíaTRUEunpu

Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Relationship

Recent scientific evidence has shown an increased risk of fractures in patients with obesity, especially in those with a higher visceral adipose tissue content. This contradicts the old paradigm that obese patients were more protected than those with normal weight. Specifically, in older subjects in whom there is a redistribution of fat from subcutaneous adipose tissue to visceral adipose tissue and an infiltration of other tissues such as muscle with the consequent sarcopenia, obesity can accentuate the changes characteristic of this age group that predisposes to a greater risk of falls and fractures. Other factors that determine a greater risk in older subjects with obesity are chronic proinflammatory status, altered adipokine secretion, vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance and reduced mobility. On the other hand, diagnostic tests may be influenced by obesity and its comorbidities as well as by body composition, and risk scales may underestimate the risk of fractures in these patients. Weight loss with physical activity programs and cessation of high-fat diets may reduce the risk. Finally, more research is needed on the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic treatments in obese patients.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission CD20/00022 PI18-00803 PI21-01069 PI18-01235European CommissionJunta de Andalucia PI-0268-201

Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice

This research was funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III grants (PI18-00803 and PI18-01235), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Junta de Andalucia (PI-0268-2019). In addition, V.C.-B. and C.G.-F. are funded by postdoctoral fellowships from the Junta de Andalucia and Institute of Health Carlos III respectively (RH-0141-2020; CD20/00022).Recent evidence has revealed anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D as well as extraskeletal activity. In this context, vitamin D seems to be involved in infections, autoimmune diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, and cancer development. In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance has been a topic of growing interest. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels appear to be associated with most of the insulin resistance disorders described to date. In fact, vitamin D deficiency may be one of the factors accelerating the development of insulin resistance. Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in the population and may be associated with the pathogenesis of diseases related to insulin resistance, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). An important question is the identification of 25(OH)D levels capable of generating an effect on insulin resistance, glucose metabolism and to decrease the risk of developing insulin resistance related disorders. The benefits of 25(OH)D supplementation/repletion on bone health are well known, and although there is a biological plausibility linking the status of vitamin D and insulin resistance supported by basic and clinical research findings, well-designed randomized clinical trials as well as basic research are necessary to know the molecular pathways involved in this association.Institute of Health Carlos III grants PI18-00803 PI18-01235European Commission Junta de Andalucia PI-0268-2019Instituto de Salud Carlos III RH-0141-2020 CD20/0002

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability and are a major public health problem worldwide. The influence of nutritional factors on the development and progression of this disease can be significant and is not yet well established. Calcium intake and vitamin D status are considered to be essential for bone metabolism homeostasis. However, some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of calcium and vitamin D supplements in decreasing the risk of fractures. The adequate intake of protein, vegetables and other nutrients is also of interest, and recommendations have been established by expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. It is important to understand the influence of nutrients not only in isolation but also in the context of a dietary pattern, which is a complex mixture of nutrients. In this review, we evaluate the available scientific evidence for the effects of the main dietary patterns on bone health. Although some dietary patterns seem to have beneficial effects, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the true influence of diet on bone fragility.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/01235European Union (EU

Vitamin D Status, Calcium Intake and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: An Unresolved Issue

The relationship between vitamin D status, calcium intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a topic of growing interest. One of the most interesting non-skeletal functions of vitamin D is its potential role in glucose homeostasis. This possible association is related to the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance in different tissues and its influence on systemic inflammation. However, despite multiple observational studies and several meta-analyses that have shown a positive association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk of T2D, no randomized clinical trials supplementing with different doses of vitamin D have confirmed this hypothesis definitively. An important question is the identification of what 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are necessary to influence glycemic homeostasis and the risk of developing T2D. These values of vitamin D can be significantly higher than vitamin D levels required for bone health, but the currently available data do not allow us to answer this question adequately. Furthermore, a large number of observational studies show that dairy consumption is linked to a lower risk of T2D, but the components responsible for this relationship are not well established. Therefore, the importance of calcium intake in the risk of developing T2D has not yet been established. Although there is a biological plausibility linking the status of vitamin D and calcium intake with the risk of T2D, well-designed randomized clinical trials are necessary to answer this important question

Frecuencia de parasitismo intestinal en pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de Bienestar Universitario de la universidad de El Salvador de Enero a Marzo del 2016.

El Salvador es un país en vías de desarrollo en donde prevalecen condiciones socioeconómicas, demográficas, educacionales, ambientales e infraestructura de servicios básicos inadecuados. La inexistencia de condiciones básicas de salud, la poca educación y práctica de hábitos de salubridad en la población, favorecen la incidencia y prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal, en todo el territorio nacional. El control de los factores de riesgo es importante para la solución de este problema, pero la falta de conciencia de la población y sus condiciones básicas no han permitido la desaparición del parasitismo o que éste disminuya significativamente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer cuáles son los parásitos más frecuentes en la población que consulta en la Clínica de Bienestar Universitario de la Universidad de El Salvador de enero a marzo del 2016

The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversiaInstitute of Health Carlos III grants (PI21-01069, PI18-01235 and CIBERFES)European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)Junta de Andalucía (PI- 0268-2019)Junta de Andalucía and Institute of Health Carlos III, respectively (RH-0141-2020; CD20/00022

EL EJERCICIO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN LA ESCUELA… INTERLOCUCIÓN ENTRE EL SABER Y LA EXPERIENCIA COTIDIANA

El presente artículo da cuenta de una experiencia pedagógica alrededor del desarrollo de competencias investigativas en los jóvenes de una Institución Educativa del Distrito Capital. Las autoras hacen un recorrido desde la génesis de la idea hasta la consolidación de un proyecto institucional denominado Investigando, leo, escribo y transformo mi vida. El interés por ofrecerles a los estudiantes la posibilidad de aproximarse a su realidad de una manera objetiva, crítica y propositiva, haciendo del contexto y de los fenómenos que en él se presentan objeto de conocimiento y la oportunidad de aplicar todos aquellos saberes trabajados dentro del aula de manera significativa, para dar respuesta a la gran discusión sobre la relación teoría práctica, impulsa la escritura de proyectos de investigación alrededor de problemáticas propias de su contexto a las cuáles pretenden dar solución. La reflexión sobre las prácticas pedagógicas es un continuo, del cual esta escuela aprende y pone en consideración, para hacer del espacio escolar una casa de estudio y de quienes la habitan unos agentes activos de mejoramiento de la calidad educativa, a través de la pregunta, la indagación y la proposición en búsqueda de la transformación social, que pretende igualmente impactar el proyecto de vida de los estudiantes beneficiados con la experiencia de acercarse a procesos investigativos.This article reports a teaching experience around the development of investigative skills in Young people from an educational institution of the Capital District. The authors make a journey from the génesis of the idea to the consolidation of an institucional Project called Investigating, read, write and transform my life. Interest in offering students the opportunity to approach their reality objectively, critical and proactive, Making the context and tehe phenomena presented within an object of wisdom and the opportunity to apply those knowledges worked in te classroom significantly, in response to the great discussion on the relation between theory and practice, promotes the writing of research projects about problems within their context to which intended to solve. Reflection on teaching practices is an ongoing, which this school space to make it a house of study and those who live in active agents to improve the quality of education through the question, inquirí and proposition seeking social transformation, which also seeks to impact the life Project of students benefited from the experience of approaching research processes