Estimation of Indoor Location Through Magnetic Field Data: An Approach Based On Convolutional Neural Networks

Estimation of indoor location represents an interesting research topic since it is a main contextual variable for location bases services (LBS), eHealth applications and commercial systems, among others. For instance, hospitals require location data of their employees, as well as the location of their patients to offer services based on these locations at the correct moments of their needs. Several approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem using different types of artificial or natural signals (ie, wifi, bluetooth, rfid, sound, movement, etc.). In this work, it is proposed the development of an indoor location estimator system, relying in the data provided by the magnetic field of the rooms, which has been demonstrated that is unique and quasi-stationary. For this purpose, it is analyzed the spectral evolution of the magnetic field data viewed as a bidimensional heatmap, avoiding temporal dependencies. A Fourier transform is applied to the bidimensional heatmap of the magnetic field data to feed a convolutional neural network (CNN) to generate a model to estimate the user’s location in a building. The evaluation of the CNN model to deploy an indoor location system (ILS) is done through measuring the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to observe the behavior in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Our experiments achieve a 0.99 Area Under the Curve (AUC) in the training data-set and a 0.74 in a total blind data set.Estimation of indoor location represents an interesting research topic since it is a main contextual variable for location bases services (LBS), eHealth applications and commercial systems, among others. For instance, hospitals require location data of their employees, as well as the location of their patients to offer services based on these locations at the correct moments of their needs. Several approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem using different types of artificial or natural signals (ie, wifi, bluetooth, rfid, sound, movement, etc.). In this work, it is proposed the development of an indoor location estimator system, relying in the data provided by the magnetic field of the rooms, which has been demonstrated that is unique and quasi-stationary. For this purpose, it is analyzed the spectral evolution of the magnetic field data viewed as a bidimensional heatmap, avoiding temporal dependencies. A Fourier transform is applied to the bidimensional heatmap of the magnetic field data to feed a convolutional neural network (CNN) to generate a model to estimate the user’s location in a building. The evaluation of the CNN model to deploy an indoor location system (ILS) is done through measuring the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to observe the behavior in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Our experiments achieve a 0.99 Area Under the Curve (AUC) in the training data-set and a 0.74 in a total blind data set

“Texting & Driving” Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The effects of distracted driving are one of the main causes of deaths and injuries on U.S. roads. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), among the different types of distractions, the use of cellphones is highly related to car accidents, commonly known as “texting and driving”, with around 481,000 drivers distracted by their cellphones while driving, about 3450 people killed and 391,000 injured in car accidents involving distracted drivers in 2016 alone. Therefore, in this research, a novel methodology to detect distracted drivers using their cellphone is proposed. For this, a ceiling mounted wide angle camera coupled to a deep learning–convolutional neural network (CNN) are implemented to detect such distracted drivers. The CNN is constructed by the Inception V3 deep neural network, being trained to detect “texting and driving” subjects. The final CNN was trained and validated on a dataset of 85,401 images, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.891 in the training set, an AUC of 0.86 on a blind test and a sensitivity value of 0.97 on the blind test. In this research, for the first time, a CNN is used to detect the problem of texting and driving, achieving a significant performance. The proposed methodology can be incorporated into a smart infotainment car, thus helping raise drivers’ awareness of their driving habits and associated risks, thus helping to reduce careless driving and promoting safe driving practices to reduce the accident rate.The effects of distracted driving are one of the main causes of deaths and injuries on U.S. roads. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), among the different types of distractions, the use of cellphones is highly related to car accidents, commonly known as “texting and driving”, with around 481,000 drivers distracted by their cellphones while driving, about 3450 people killed and 391,000 injured in car accidents involving distracted drivers in 2016 alone. Therefore, in this research, a novel methodology to detect distracted drivers using their cellphone is proposed. For this, a ceiling mounted wide angle camera coupled to a deep learning–convolutional neural network (CNN) are implemented to detect such distracted drivers. The CNN is constructed by the Inception V3 deep neural network, being trained to detect “texting and driving” subjects. The final CNN was trained and validated on a dataset of 85,401 images, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.891 in the training set, an AUC of 0.86 on a blind test and a sensitivity value of 0.97 on the blind test. In this research, for the first time, a CNN is used to detect the problem of texting and driving, achieving a significant performance. The proposed methodology can be incorporated into a smart infotainment car, thus helping raise drivers’ awareness of their driving habits and associated risks, thus helping to reduce careless driving and promoting safe driving practices to reduce the accident rate

Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Classification of Tomato Plant Diseases

Tomato plants are highly affected by diverse diseases. A timely and accurate diagnosis plays an important role to prevent the quality of crops. Recently, deep learning (DL), specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have achieved extraordinary results in many applications, including the classification of plant diseases. This work focused on fine-tuning based on the comparison of the state-of-the-art architectures: AlexNet, GoogleNet, Inception V3, Residual Network (ResNet) 18, and ResNet 50. An evaluation of the comparison was finally performed. The dataset used for the experiments is contained by nine different classes of tomato diseases and a healthy class from PlantVillage. The models were evaluated through a multiclass statistical analysis based on accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F-Score, area under the curve (AUC), and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results present significant values obtained by the GoogleNet technique, with 99.72% of AUC and 99.12% of sensitivity. It is possible to conclude that this significantly success rate makes the GoogleNet model a useful tool for farmers in helping to identify and protect tomatoes from the diseases mentioned

Índices de shock prehospitalario y hospitalario como predictores de transfusión masiva en la atención inicial del paciente politraumático

Objectives. To explore a possible association between the shock index and a need for massive blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay in the critical care unit, and mortality. Methods. Observational study of data for all patients over the age of 18 years with multiple high-energy injuries included in the TraumCat Registry who were treated in Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge between 2012 and 2016.We calculated shock index values before hospital emergency department arrival, on arrival at the hospital, and on admission to the critical care unit for resuscitation. The amount of blood transfused in the first 24 hours was also obtained from the registry. Results. Of 184 polytrauma patients, 75 (41%) received blood transfusions. Median (interquartile range) shock indices were as follows: prehospital, 0.77 (0.61-1.01); on hospital arrival, 0.78 (0.64-1); and on critical care admission, 0.92 (0.76-1.13). Forty-six patients (25%) died. A prehospital shock index of 0.9 was significant, differentiating the amount of blood transfused. The specificity and sensitivity of the cut off were 73% and 66%,respectively, at the prehospital recording and 74% and 80% on hospital arrival. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve and 95% CIs were as follows for prehospital and on-arrival shock indices: 68% (61%-75%) and 72% (65%-79%). Mortality and hospital stay were not significantly associated with shock indices. Conclusions: The shock index is a useful, easy-to-obtain predictor to identify polytrauma patients who need early blood transfusion for optimal treatment. Hospital stay and mortality might be better predicted by other indicators

Knowledge, practices and attitudes of the programmatic management of tuberculosis among Colombian medical student

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa con alta carga de la enfermedad en Colombia, por lo que se espera que la educación médica sea estándar en todas las regiones y los estudiantes de medicina tengan competencias en el manejo operativo de la tuberculosis. Este estudio evaluó los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en tuberculosis en estudiantes de medicina de Colombia y los factores relacionados. Métodos: Cuestionario de evaluación de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en tuberculosis en estudiantes de medicina en Colombia, que cursaban semestre clínico y se encontraban inscritos en la reunión anual 2020 de la Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL) para establecer el nivel de conocimientos en tuberculosis. Resultados: Se evidenció que los estudiantes de regiones con mayor carga de la enfermedad como el Eje Cafetero presenta puntajes más altos de forma diferencial a las otras regiones. Por otra parte, se observó que la experiencia propia del estudiante en el tamizaje para tuberculosis (prueba cutánea de la tuberculina PPD - Mantoux) y la experiencia en la atención de pacientes con tuberculosis en el entorno clínico están relacionadas a los conocimientos del manejo programático de la tuberculosis. Conclusión: El estudio demuestra bajo nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas del manejo programático de la tuberculosis en los estudiantes de medicina que cursaban semestres clínicos en Colombia.Background: The tuberculosis is an infectious disease with high disease burden in Colombia, so medical education is expected to be standard in all regions and medical students have competencies in the operative management of tuberculosis. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in tuberculosis in medical students in Colombia and related factors. Methods: Questionnaire for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in tuberculosis in medical students in Colombia, who were in clinical semesters and were registered at the 2020 annual meeting of the Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL) to establish the level of knowledge in tuberculosis. Result: The study found that students from regions with a higher burden of disease, such as the Eje Cafetero had higher scores that those from other regions. On the other hand, it was observed that the student ́s own experience in tuberculosis screening (tuberculin skin test PPD – Mantoux) and the clinical experience in care patients with tuberculosis are related to the knowledge of the programmatic management of tuberculosis. Conclusions: The study shows a low level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of programmatic management of tuberculosis in medical students in clinical semester in Colombia

Experiencia de uso de hierro intravenoso para el tratamiento de la anemia en niños y adolescentes. Respuesta terapéutica y evolución

Introducción: El hierro de administración intravenosa (iv) está indicado en los casos en que el tratamiento oral no es posible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el perfil de uso, respuesta terapéutica y seguridad de la administración de hierro iv en el tratamiento de la anemia ferropénica en niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) asistidos en un centro de referencia de Uruguay entre 2018 y 2023. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias. Incluyó todos los NNA que recibieron hierro iv. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, clínica y severidad de la anemia. Se evaluó: motivos de la indicación y tipo de hierro iv, dosis, tiempo de infusión, respuesta terapéutica y efectos adversos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes, mediana de edad 4 años; 51,4% de sexo masculino, con comorbilidades 37,1%. Todos los menores de 3 años presentaban factores de riesgo para anemia ferropénica, la falta de adherencia al hierro oral se asoció con mayor severidad de la anemia (p<0,05). Motivo principal de indicación de hierro iv fue: severidad de la anemia e inadecuada respuesta al hierro oral concomitante en 37,1%. Todos recibieron hierro sacarato; mediana de dosis: 2 mg/kg y de tiempo de infusión: 1 hora. Se registró un caso de edema y exantema de cara vinculado a la rápida infusión. La evolución fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La administración de hierro iv fue segura. Es necesario establecer consensos respecto a la posología y monitorización. Se requieren nuevos estudios para continuar evaluando la eficacia y seguridad del hierro iv en sus diversas formulaciones

Avaliação das técnicas de extração de peças fraturadas no transcirúrgico

Introduction: The objective of this research was to explain techniques used to extract fractured dental pieces during surgical procedures in the surgery area of the Universidad Iberoamericana during the period from February to May of 2013, to determine whether or not undergraduate students are able to resolve such a complication. Methods: A questionnaire was designed for the study, which was then placed in the dental surgery area of the University; the doctors responsible for each surgery round had to fill out and sign the questionnaire whenever a piece was fractured. A survey was also carried out among the doctors in the area to verify and obtain their assessments of the data that had been obtained using the questionnaire. Results: Odontosection, flap lifting, osteotomy and apical elevators are the techniques used in this area to remove broken pieces. Conclusion: Odontosection was found to be the most frequently used technique. It was also determined that in most fracture cases, the responsible doctor had to intervene in the extraction.Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue explicar cuáles son las técnicas más utilizadas para extraer una pieza que se fractura en el transquirúrgico, en el área de cirugía de la Universidad Iberoamericana, durante el período febrero-mayo del 2013, y demostrar si los estudiantes del pregrado son capaces o no de resolver este tipo de complicación. Métodos: para este estudio se diseñó un cuestionario, el cual fue dispuesto en el área de cirugía de la clínica dental de la Universidad Iberoamericana; los doctores responsables de cada tanda de cirugía debieron contestarlo y firmarlo al momento en que se fracturara una pieza durante el transquirúrgico. También fue realizada una encuesta a los doctores del área, para corroborar y obtener sus puntos de vista sobre los datos recolectados con el cuestionario. Resultados: la odontosección, el levantamiento de un colgajo, ostectomía y el uso de elevadores apicales son las técnicas utilizadas en esta área para extraer un fragmento fracturado. Conclusiones: se demostró que la odontosección fue la técnica más utilizada. A su vez se determinó que en la mayoría de los casos de fractura, el doctor responsable tuvo que intervenir en la extracción.Introdução: o objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi expli-car quais são as técnicas mais utilizadas para extrair uma peça que se fratura no transcirúrgico, na área de cirurgia da Universidade Ibero-americana, durante o período fevereiro-março de 2013, e demonstrar se os estudantes da graduação são ou não capazes de resolver esse tipo de complicação. Métodos: para este estudo, desenhou-se um questionário, o qual foi disposto na área de cirurgia da clínica dental da Universidade Ibero-americana; os doutores responsáveis de cada período de cirurgia o responderam e assinaram no momento em que uma peça tenha sido fraturada durante o transcirúrgico. Também foi realizada uma enquete aos doutores da área para corroborar e obter seus pontos de vista sobre os dados coletados com o questionário. Resultados: a odontosecção, o levantamento de um gajo, ostectomia e o uso de elevadores apicais são as técnicas utilizadas nesta área para extrair um fragmento fraturado. Conclusões: demonstrou-se que a odontosecção foi a técnica mais utili-zada. Por sua vez, determinou-se que, na maioria dos casos de fratura, o médico responsável teve que intervir na extraçã

Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19

Pileta Integral. Miradas desde el siglo XXI. Nuevas Tecnologías para una cueva excepcional

La primera presentación, la más exhaustiva y completa del arte prehistórico de La Pileta se debe a Henri Breuil (Breuil et al., 1915). Este autor propone dos grandes fases, una paleolítica, distribuidas en tres ciclos artísticos paleolíticos y una segunda postpaleolítica. A mediados del siglo XX diversos autores realizaron revisiones parciales de algunos paneles (p.ej. F. Jordá o E. Ripoll). Más tarde, y en la década de 1970, Lya y Marcel Dams trabajan durante varios años en La Pileta pero sus calcos son poco fidedignos. Por último, en noviembre de 1985 y en el marco de su tesis doctoral, J.L. Sanchidrián Torti realiza una revisión del arte de La Pileta. Este autor ha publicado diversos trabajos sobre La Pileta (p.ej. Sanchidrián, 1997). La Pileta ha sido objeto de diversas campaña de excavación en la sala de Vacas y de los Murciélagos en 1912 y 1942. No obstante, ninguno de estas excavaciones ha sido presentada en detalle y de los materiales obtenidos no se conservan más que algunos de selección (vid. Cortés y Simón 2007, Cortes et al., 2016). En otro orden de cosas, el primer plano topográfico de la Cueva de la Pileta fue realizado por el cartógrafo Willoughby Verner en 1912 (Breuil et al., 1915). En 1932 se realiza una nueva topografía, probablemente basada en otra muy similar que se encuentra en el Archivo Temboury. Posteriormente, se realiza una topografía por parte de grupos espeleológicos y, años más tarde, se publica el realizado por el Grupo de Espeleólogos Marbellíes. No obstante, los planos topográficos levantados hasta el momento tenían un fin meramente espeleológico y carecían de la resolución y precisión necesarias para un uso arqueológico. A comienzos del siglo XXI, pusimos en marcha una investigación integral de La Pileta de la cual hemos ido avanzando algunas novedades (Cortés y Simón 2007, Cortes et al., 2016, 2019) y que pretendía abordar desde una perspectiva holística la complejidad del yacimiento.Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía (España) HAR2013-44269-PConsejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía (España) HAR2016-77789-