El pertinaz agárico

El uso médico del hongo denominado antiguamente agárico fue continuo durante más de veinte siglos, a pesar desu inutilidad terapéutica casi total. Se resume aquí la historia de este medicamento

Imagen ecográfica de la obstrucción biliar extrahepática en el perro : descripción de 7 casos

Se realizó un estudio ecográfico en siete perros que presentaban un cuadro de ictericia por obstrucción biliar extrahepática. Esta técnica permitió llegar al diagnóstico en seis de los casos. Se estudió la imagen ecográfica de la dilatación de las vías biliares intra y extrahepáticas, así como los signos asociados, tales como la presencia de una masa en el área pancreática, que pudiesen orientar sobre el origen de la obstrucción.An ultrasonographic examination was carried in out 7 dogs with icterus due to an extrahepatic biliary obstruction. This technique allowed the diagnosis in 6 of the dogs. The sonographic appearance of the dilated intra and extrahepatic biliary tree was assessed, as well as the associated lesions, such as the presence of a mass in the pancreatic area, which could guide towards the origin of the obstruction

Annotated catalog of species of Cyaneolytta Péringuey, 1909 (Coleoptera, Meloidae) of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid, España) and a key to all species of the genus

[ES] Se presenta información sobre especies de Cyaneolytta Péringuey, 1909 en forma de catálogo comentado de los ejemplares existentes en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid. Se citan por primera vez Cyaneolyyta affinis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) y C. depressicornis costipennis Kaszab, 1953 en Kenya; C. episcopalis (Harold, 1878), C. gestroi (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) y C. metasternalis (Fairmaire, 1888) en Tanzania; C. signifrons (Fahraeus, 1870) en la República Democrática del Congo y C. suahela (Kolbe, 1898) en la isla de Zanzíbar (Tanzania). Se incluye una clave de todas las especies y subespecies del género.[EN] Information on several species of Cyaneolytta Péringuey, 1909 is presented in the form of an annotated catalog of specimens in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid. For the first time Cyaneolytta affinis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) and C. depressicornis costipennis Kaszab, 1953 are quoted from Kenya, C. episcopalis (Harold, 1878), C. gestroi (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) and C. metasternalis (Fairmaire, 1888) from Tanzania, C. signifrons (Fahraeus, 1870) from the Congo Democratic Republic and C. suahela (Kolbe, 1898) from Zanzibar Island (Tanzania). A key to all species and subspecies of the genus is included.El Proyecto CGL2010-15786 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación facilitó la revisión de colecciones.Peer reviewe

The persistent agaric

El uso médico del hongo denominado antiguamente agárico fue continuo durante más de veinte siglos, a pesar de su inutilidad terapéutica casi total. Se resume aquí la historia de este medicamento.The medical use of the fungus formerly called agaric was constant for more than twenty centuries, in spite of its almost complete therapeutic uselessness. The history of this medicine is here summarized

Clinical evolution of post-transplant diabetes mellitus.

The long-term clinical evolution of prediabetes and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is unknown. We analysed, in this cohort study, the reversibility, stability and progression of PTDM and prediabetes in 672 patients using repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) for ≤5 years. Most patients were on tacrolimus, steroids and mycophenolate. About half developed either PTDM or prediabetes. The incidence of PTDM was 32% and bimodal: early PTDM (≤3 months) and late PTDM. Early PTDM reverted in 31%; late PTDM developed in patients with post-transplant prediabetes. The use of OGTTs was necessary to detect around half of PTDM. Pretransplant obesity was a major risk factor for early PTDM, for its persistence and for late PTDM {odds ratio [OR] 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.28]}. At 3 months, higher HbA1c promoted [OR 2.37 (95% CI 1.38-4.06)], while insulin sensitivity protected against [OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.48-0.86)] late PTDM. At 3 months, 28% had prediabetes; of these, 36% remained stable, 43% normalized and 21% developed late PTDM. Pretransplant obesity [OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.39)] and higher HbA1c [OR 3.80 (95% CI 1.45-9.94)] at 3 months promoted while insulin sensitivity protected against [OR 0.57 (95% CI 0.34-0.95)] evolution from prediabetes to late PTDM. Immunosuppressive levels or acute rejection did not influence PTDM. Most (84%) of the patients with normal tests at 3 months remained stable without evolving into PTDM; 14% developed prediabetes. PTDM and prediabetes are very common in renal transplantation. Classic metabolic factors like obesity, prediabetes and insulin resistance promote the evolution of PTDM and prediabetes. Patients with normal glucose metabolism rarely develop PTDM. OGTT is necessary to detect PTDM and prediabetes and thus should be included in clinical practice

Position-dependent expression of GADD45 alpha in rat brain tumours

Although the complex and multifactorial process of tumour growth has been extensively studied for decades, our understanding of the fundamental relationship between tumour growth dynamics and genetic expression profile remains incomplete. Recent studies of tumour dynamics indicate that gene expression in solid tumours would depend on the distance from the centre of the tumour. Since tumour proliferative activity is mainly localised to its external zone, and taking into account that generation and expansion of genetic mutations depend on the number of cell divisions, important differences in gene expression between central and peripheral sections of the same tumour are to be expected. Here, we have studied variations in the genetic expression profile between peripheral and internal samples of the same brain tumour. We have carried out microarray analysis of mRNA expression, and found a differential profile of genetic expression between the two cell subsets. In particular, one major nuclear protein that regulates cell responses to DNA-damaging and stress signals, GADD45 alpha, was expressed at much lower levels in the peripheral zone, as compared to tumour core samples. These differences in GADD45 alpha mRNA transcription levels have been confirmed by quantitative analysis via real time PCR, and protein levels of GADD45 alpha also exhibit the same pattern of differential expression. Our findings suggest that GADD45 alpha might play a major role in the regulation of brain tumour invasive potential