Estimación de los desperdicios de alimentos preparados en los hogares infantiles que pertenecen al norte Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Barranquilla 2019

This study had as purpose calculates the amount of waste from prepared food, which is produced in children's homes that belong to the northern historic center of Barranquilla City. The study had a mixed approach. It was a descriptive and Cross-sectional study. The study target population was comprised by the children's homes: Barrio Abajo, La Playa, Santa Rosa de Lima and Siape. During a period of one week in each household. The waste food quantification was made through of a direct measurements (weighing) of them, classifying by food groups. The study found that, in the different household were wasted 125038 g, which is equivalent to 10.4% about the served food in each one. In relation to every household, it was established that the children's home Barrio Abajo was which presents most waste (13.2%) and the children's home that produced the least waste was La Playa (8%). Regarding to the food groups, it was showed that fruit and vegetables were the more waste (36.4%). In according with the results obtained in this investigation, it was fundamental to give some recommendations in these establishments for the purpose of the food waste will be reduced.El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad calcular la cantidad de desperdicios de alimentos preparados que se generan en los Hogares Infantiles (HI) que pertenecen al norte centro histórico de la ciudad de Barranquilla; su enfoque fue mixto, descriptivo, transversal; la población en estudio estuvo conformada por cuatro hogares infantiles: Barrio Abajo, La Playa, Santa Rosa de Lima y Siape, durante un periodo de tiempo de una semana en cada hogar. La cuantificación de los desperdicios se realizó a través de la medición directa (pesaje) de los mismos, clasificándolos por grupos de alimentos. Según la cuantificación de los desperdicios generados en los diferentes hogares se encontró que se desperdician 125.038g lo cual correspondió a un 10.4% del total de los alimentos servidos en cada uno de estos. Se estableció que el HI Barrio Abajo es el que presenta mayor desperdicio (13,2%) y el que genera menor desperdicio es el HI la playa (8%); con respecto a los grupos de alimentos se evidenció que la mayor pérdida fueron las hortalizas y verduras (36,4%). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, fue fundamental dejar recomendaciones en los hogares infantiles con el objetivo que se presenten en menor proporción los desperdicios

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline