High-order gauge-invariant perturbations of a spherical spacetime

We complete the formulation of a general framework for the analysis of high-order nonspherical perturbations of a four-dimensional spherical spacetime by including a gauge-invariant description of the perturbations. We present a general algorithm to construct these invariants and provide explicit formulas for the case of second-order metric perturbations. We show that the well-known problem of lack of invariance for the first-order perturbations with l=0,1 propagates to increasing values of l for perturbations of higher order, owing to mode coupling. We also discuss in which circumstances it is possible to construct the invariants

cDNAs of a wheat tetrameric inhibitor of a-amylases

In the laboratory of M. Metzlaff, genome specific DNA probes from Hordeum vulgare were cloned and characterized by H. Junghans. Regarding repeated DNA sequences our further investigations will concéntrate on the proofof alien chromatin in the wheat -Ae. markgrafii crossing material and on the enlargement of the investigation to their distribution in Poaceae species

Introgression of Aegilops triuncialis into Triticum aestivum. A progress report.

A. Delibes, I. López-Braña, M. Mena y F. García-Olmedo. 1988. Introgression of Aegüops triuncialis into Triticum aestivum. A progress report. An. Aula Dei 19 (1-2): 189-194. The wild grass Aegüops triuncialis (genomes CCUU) has been crossed with the tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum (AABB) and the resulting ABCU sterile hybrid has been rescued with pollen from the hexaploid T. aestivum (AABBDD). Seven spikes from two hybrid plants were pollinated with pollen from T. aestivum cv. Almatense and 8 kernels were obtained. After five rounds of selfing, plants with 28 to 41 chromosomes have been derived. Low fertility (3-5 viable kernels per plant) was observed throughout the process. Further crosses to T. aestivum will be performed to obtain stable lines that will be screened for Ae. triuncialis genetic material with the aid of previously identified biochemical chromosome markers and specially developed DNA probes

Present progress in the characterization of Triticum aestivum/Aegilops ventricosa transfer lines

In the laboratory of M. Metzlaff, genome specific DNA probes from Hordeum vulgare were cloned and characterized by H. Junghans. Regarding repeated DNA sequences our further investigations will concéntrate on the proofof alien chromatin in the wheat -Ae. markgrafii crossing material and on the enlargement of the investigation to their distribution in Poaceae species

Second and higher-order perturbations of a spherical spacetime

The Gerlach and Sengupta (GS) formalism of coordinate-invariant, first-order, spherical and nonspherical perturbations around an arbitrary spherical spacetime is generalized to higher orders, focusing on second-order perturbation theory. The GS harmonics are generalized to an arbitrary number of indices on the unit sphere and a formula is given for their products. The formalism is optimized for its implementation in a computer algebra system, something that becomes essential in practice given the size and complexity of the equations. All evolution equations for the second-order perturbations, as well as the conservation equations for the energy-momentum tensor at this perturbation order, are given in covariant form, in Regge-Wheeler gauge.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Comparison of aromatic composition of an endangered variety ('Albilla Dorada') with other recognized aromatic varieties

'Albilla Dorada' is a local and endangered grape variety. It was correctly identified beforehand by analysing six microsatellite regions recommended by the GENRES 081 project plus six other additional regions, resulting in one new genotype not described for any variety according to the literature consulted. The object of this paper is to characterize the aromatic composition of this grape vine genotype not previously described. The minority volatile compounds in the grapes were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and compared with those of eight known aromatic cultivars: 'Albillo Real', 'Macabeo', 'Malvasía Aromática', 'Gewürztraminer', 'Viognier', 'Malvasía Riojana', 'Riesling' and 'Moscatel de Grano Menudo'. Statistically significant differences between varieties were found as regards the different fractions making up the aromatic composition. 'Albilla Dorada' differed from the rest in that it had higher proportions of alcohols, benzene alcohols and norisoprenoids. In the case of the terpene fraction, it was the variety with the highest proportions of citronellol and terpene hydroxides. Results of this work point out 'Albilla Dorada' is a variety with a singular aromatic identity and highlight the necessity of recovering it before its total disappearance.

Characterization of wheat/Aegilops ventricosa introgression and addition lines corresponding to the Mv genome.

Stable wheat-Aegilops introgression lines with 42 chromosomes (H-93), derived by repeated selfing from a cross (Triticum turgidum x Aegilops ventricosa) x T. aestivum, have been characterized using the following DNA probes and isozyme markers: (1) single or low-copy DNA fragments from Ae. ventricosa; (2) known cDNA probes corresponding to 1-thionin, monomeric -amylase inhibitor, the CM3 subunit of tetrameric -amylase inhibitor, and sucrose synthase from wheat; (3) anonymous cDNA probes from wheat that have been mapped by Sharp et al. (1989); (4) isozyme markers corresponding to aconitase, shikimate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, and endopeptidase. Meiotic metaphases of appropriate hybrids involving selected H-93 lines have been investigated by the Giemsa C-banding technique. The substitution of whole chromosomes [(5A) 5Mv; (4D) 4Mv; (5D) 5Mv; (7D) 7Mv] and chromosomal segments (1Mv; 3Mv; 5Mv; 7Mv) from the Mv genome of Aegilops ventricosa has been demonstrated. The distribution of selected markers among putative wheat-Ae. ventricosa addition lines has also been investigated. The 7Mv addition has been characterized for the first time, while the identity of the previously reported 5Mv and 6Mv additions has been confirmed

Phytochemical evaluation of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits, a starting point for the assessment of their beneficial properties

Abstract This study evaluated, for the first time, the phenolic content of white ( Morus alba ) and black mulberry ( Morus nigra ) fruits with proven market aptitudes and grown in Spain, one of the main European producers. The antioxidant activity and mineral composition of these promising berry fruits were also assessed. Black mulberry clones showed higher antioxidant activity and amounts of phenolic compounds than white mulberry clones, although a wide intra-species variability was noted, according to principal component analysis. The total anthocyanins varied significantly among clones of M. nigra . These results are keys for the design of future dietary intervention studies examining the role of mulberry fruits in disease risk reduction. They can also be used for the development of mulberry derived-products rich in phenolic compounds

(Poly)phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of white (Morus alba) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry leaves: Their potential for new products rich in phytochemicals

Abstract The (poly)phenolic fingerprint and antioxidant activities of the leaves of white and black mulberry clones grown in Spain, one of the main European producers, were evaluated for the first time in order to examine their phytochemical potential. Data showed that mulberry leaves are rich in caffeoylquinic acids (6.8–8.5 mg/g dw) and flavonols (3.7–9.8 mg/g dw). It was also evidenced that a wide intra-species variability existed according to principal component analysis. These results can be useful for value-added utilisation of this underused vegetal matrix by the food/pharma industries. In addition, owing to their (poly)phenolic composition with proven biological activities, these data can serve as starting point for further nutritional studies with mulberry leaf-derived products