Contribution to Reduce the Influence of the Free Sliding Edge on Compression-After-Impact Testing of Thin-Walled Undamaged Composites Plates

[EN] Standard Compression-After-Impact test devices show a weakening effect on thin-walled specimens due to a free panel edge that is required for compression. As a result, thin-walled undamaged samples do not break in the free measuring area but near the free edge and along the supports. They also show a strength reduction due to the free edge which can become potentially relevant for very weakly damaged panels. In order to reduce the free edge influence on the measured strength, a modified Compression-After-Impact test device has been developed. In an experimental investigation with carbon fiber reinforced plastics, the modified device is compared with a standard device. It is shown that thin-walled undamaged specimens investigated with the modified device now mainly break within the free measuring area and no longer at the free edge and along the bearings as it is the case for standard test devices. The modified device does not cause a free edge weakening effect in comparison to standard devices. The modified device is therefore more suitable for determining the compression strengths of undamaged thin-walled composite platesThis research was partially supported by the Spanish government under grant number DPI2013-44903-R-AR through funding the specimens as well as the CAI-standard device. The Article Processing Charge is also funded under that grant number.Linke, M.; García Manrique, JA. (2018). Contribution to Reduce the Influence of the Free Sliding Edge on Compression-After-Impact Testing of Thin-Walled Undamaged Composites Plates. Materials. 11(9):1708-1721. doi:10.3390/ma11091708S1708172111

Minimal Surfaces as an Innovative Solution for the Design of an Additive Manufactured Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[EN] This paper aims to describe the methodology used in the design and manufacture of a fixed-wing aircraft manufactured using additive techniques together with the implementation of technology based on solar panels. The main objective is increasing the autonomy and range of the UAV¿s au-tonomous missions. Moreover, one of the main targets is to improve the capabilities of the aero-nautical industry towards sustainable aircrafts and to acquire better mechanical properties owing to the use of additive technologies and new printing materials. Further, a lower environmental impact could be achieved through the use of renewable energies. Material extrusion (MEX) technology may be able to be used for the manufacture of stronger and lighter parts by using gy-roids as the filling of the printed material. The paper proposes the use of minimal surfaces for the reinforcement of the UAV aircraft wings. This type of surface was never used because it is not possible to manufacture it using conventional techniques. The rapid growth of additive technolo-gies led to many expectations for new design methodologies in the aeronautical industry. In this study, mechanical tests were carried out on specimens manufactured with different geometries to address the design and manufacture of a UAV as a demonstrator. In addition, to carry out the manufacture of the prototype, a 3D printer with a movable bench similar to a belt, that allows for the manufacture of parts without limitations in the Z axis, was tested. The parts manufactured with this technique can be structurally improved, and it is possible to avoid manufacturing mul-tiple prints of small parts of the aircraft that will have to be glued later, decreasing the mechanical properties of the UAV. The conceptual design and manufacturing of a solar aircraft, SolarÍO, us-ing additive technologies, is presented. A study of the most innovative 3D printers was carried out that allowed for the manufacture of parts with an infinite Z-axis and, in addition, a filler based on minimal surfaces (gyroids) was applied, which considerably increased the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Finally, it can be stated that in this article, the potential of the ad-ditive manufacturing as a new manufacturing process for small aircrafts and for the aeronautical sector in the future when new materials and more efficient additive manufacturing processes are already developed is demonstrated.This research received partial funding from the Government of Spain under the project PID2019-108807RB-I00 and Generalitat Valenciana under IDIFEDER/2021/040.García-Gascón, C.; Castelló-Pedrero, P.; García Manrique, JA. (2022). Minimal Surfaces as an Innovative Solution for the Design of an Additive Manufactured Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Drones. 6(10):1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones610028512761

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre Biocomposites Fabricated with Biobased and Regular Epoxy Resins

[EN] Bio- and green composites are mainly used in non-structural automotive elements like interior panels and vehicle underpanels. Currently, the use of biocomposites as a worthy alternative to glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) in structural applications still needs to be fully evaluated. In the current study, the development of a suited biocomposites started with a thorough review of the available raw materials, including both reinforcement fibres and matrix materials. Based on its specific properties, hemp appeared to be a very suitable fibre. A similar analysis was conducted for the commercially available biobased matrix materials. Greenpoxy 55 (with a biocontent of 55%) and Super Sap 100 (with a biocontent of 37%) were selected and compared with a standard epoxy resin. Tensile and three-point bending tests were conducted to characterise the hemp-based biocomposite.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Government, Project PID2019-108807RB-I00.Colomer Romero, V.; Rogiest, D.; García Manrique, JA.; Crespo, J. (2020). Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre Biocomposites Fabricated with Biobased and Regular Epoxy Resins. Materials. 13(24):1-8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245720181324Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., & Hinrichsen, G. (2000). Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites: An overview. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 276-277(1), 1-24. doi:10.1002/(sici)1439-2054(20000301)276:13.0.co;2-wLa Mantia, F. P., & Morreale, M. (2011). Green composites: A brief review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 42(6), 579-588. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.01.017Hansen, O., Habermann, C., & Endres, H.-J. (2019). BIO-BASED MATERIALS FOR EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS – PROJECT BIOHYBRIDCAR. Zukunftstechnologien für den multifunktionalen Leichtbau, 189-200. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58206-0_18Gholampour, A., & Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2019). A review of natural fiber composites: properties, modification and processing techniques, characterization, applications. Journal of Materials Science, 55(3), 829-892. doi:10.1007/s10853-019-03990-yPatil, N. V., Rahman, M. M., & Netravali, A. N. (2017). «Green» composites using bioresins from agro‐wastes and modified sisal fibers. Polymer Composites, 40(1), 99-108. doi:10.1002/pc.24607Verma, D., & Senal, I. (2019). Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Biomass, Biopolymer-Based Materials, and Bioenergy, 103-122. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102426-3.00006-0Adekomaya, O. (2020). Adaption of green composite in automotive part replacements: discussions on material modification and future patronage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(8), 8807-8813. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07557-xKim, Y. K., & Chalivendra, V. (2020). Natural fibre composites (NFCs) for construction and automotive industries. Handbook of Natural Fibres, 469-498. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818782-1.00014-6Potluri, R., & Chaitanya Krishna, N. (2020). Potential and Applications of Green Composites in Industrial Space. Materials Today: Proceedings, 22, 2041-2048. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.218Mann, G. S., Singh, L. P., Kumar, P., & Singh, S. (2018). Green composites: A review of processing technologies and recent applications. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 33(8), 1145-1171. doi:10.1177/0892705718816354Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials https://www.astm.org/Standards/D3039https://www.pecepoxy.co.uk/data-sheets/TDS_100_1000_v4.pdfhttp://www.matrix-composites.co.uk/prod-data-sheet/old/greenpoxy-55-ft-uk.pdfCzłonka, S., Strąkowska, A., & Kairytė, A. (2020). The Impact of Hemp Shives Impregnated with Selected Plant Oils on Mechanical, Thermal, and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams. Materials, 13(21), 4709. doi:10.3390/ma13214709Madhu, P., Mavinkere Rangappa, S., Khan, A., Al Otaibi, A., Al‐Zahrani, S. A., Pradeep, S., … Siengchin, S. (2020). Experimental investigation on the mechanical and morphological behavior of Prosopis juliflora bark fibers/E‐glass/carbon fabrics reinforced hybrid polymeric composites for structural applications. Polymer Composites, 41(12), 4983-4993. doi:10.1002/pc.2576

Water absorption behaviour and its effect on the mechanical properties of flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites

In the context of sustainable development, considerable interest is being shown in the use of natural fibres like as reinforcement in polymer composites and in the development of resins from renewable resources. This paper focus on eco-friendly and sustainable green composites manufacturing using Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) process. Flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites at different weight fractions (40 and 55wt%) were prepared in order to study the effect of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption test was carried out by immersion specimens in water bath at room temperature for a time duration. The process of water absorption of these composites was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior. Diffusion coefficients and maximum water uptake values were evaluated, the results showed that both increased with an increase in fibre content. Tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens were evaluated and compared to dry composite specimens. The results suggest that swelling of flax fibres due to water absorption can have positive effects on mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of this study showed that RTM process could be used to manufacture natural fibre reinforced composites with good mechanical properties even for potential applications in a humid environmentThis research is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Projects PAID-05-11, DPI 2010-20333, and DPI 2013-44903-R-AR.Muñoz Dominguez, E.; García Manrique, JA. (2015). Water absorption behaviour and its effect on the mechanical properties of flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2015:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/390275S1102015Netravali, A. N., Huang, X., & Mizuta, K. (2007). Advanced «green» composites. Advanced Composite Materials, 16(4), 269-282. doi:10.1163/156855107782325230La Mantia, F. P., & Morreale, M. (2011). Green composites: A brief review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 42(6), 579-588. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.01.017Wambua, P., Ivens, J., & Verpoest, I. (2003). Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics? Composites Science and Technology, 63(9), 1259-1264. doi:10.1016/s0266-3538(03)00096-4Summerscales, J., Dissanayake, N. P. J., Virk, A. S., & Hall, W. (2010). A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 1 – Fibres as reinforcements. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(10), 1329-1335. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.06.001Summerscales, J., Dissanayake, N., Virk, A., & Hall, W. (2010). A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 2 – Composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(10), 1336-1344. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.05.020Karus, M., & Kaup, M. (2002). Natural Fibres in the European Automotive Industry. Journal of Industrial Hemp, 7(1), 119-131. doi:10.1300/j237v07n01_10Puglia, D., Biagiotti, J., & Kenny, J. M. (2005). A Review on Natural Fibre-Based Composites—Part II. Journal of Natural Fibers, 1(3), 23-65. doi:10.1300/j395v01n03_03Uddin, N., & Kalyankar, R. R. (2011). Manufacturing and Structural Feasibility of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Structural Insulated Panels for Panelized Construction. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2011, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2011/963549Xie, Y., Hill, C. A. S., Xiao, Z., Militz, H., & Mai, C. (2010). Silane coupling agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: A review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(7), 806-819. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.03.005Kabir, M. M., Wang, H., Lau, K. T., & Cardona, F. (2012). Chemical treatments on plant-based natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: An overview. Composites Part B: Engineering, 43(7), 2883-2892. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.053DHAKAL, H., ZHANG, Z., & RICHARDSON, M. (2007). Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Composites Science and Technology, 67(7-8), 1674-1683. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.019Alamri, H., & Low, I. M. (2012). Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of recycled cellulose fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Polymer Testing, 31(5), 620-628. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.04.002KARMAKER, A. C. (1997). Journal of Materials Science Letters, 16(6), 462-464. doi:10.1023/a:1018508209022Espert, A., Vilaplana, F., & Karlsson, S. (2004). Comparison of water absorption in natural cellulosic fibres from wood and one-year crops in polypropylene composites and its influence on their mechanical properties. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(11), 1267-1276. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.04.004Ahmad, S. H., Rasid, R., Bonnia, N. N., Zainol, I., Mamun, A. A., Bledzki, A. K., & Beg, M. D. H. (2010). Polyester-Kenaf Composites: Effects of Alkali Fiber Treatment and Toughening of Matrix Using Liquid Natural Rubber. Journal of Composite Materials, 45(2), 203-217. doi:10.1177/0021998310373514Shen, C.-H., & Springer, G. S. (1976). Moisture Absorption and Desorption of Composite Materials. Journal of Composite Materials, 10(1), 2-20. doi:10.1177/002199837601000101Holbery, J., & Houston, D. (2006). Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites in automotive applications. JOM, 58(11), 80-86. doi:10.1007/s11837-006-0234-2Francucci, G., & Rodriguez, E. (2014). Processing of plant fiber composites by liquid molding techniques: An overview. Polymer Composites, 37(3), 718-733. doi:10.1002/pc.23229WANG, W., SAIN, M., & COOPER, P. (2006). Study of moisture absorption in natural fiber plastic composites. Composites Science and Technology, 66(3-4), 379-386. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.027Charlet, K., Jernot, J. P., Gomina, M., Bréard, J., Morvan, C., & Baley, C. (2009). Influence of an Agatha flax fibre location in a stem on its mechanical, chemical and morphological properties. Composites Science and Technology, 69(9), 1399-1403. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.002Bismarck, A., Aranberri-Askargorta, I., Springer, J., Lampke, T., Wielage, B., Stamboulis, A., … Limbach, H.-H. (2002). Surface characterization of flax, hemp and cellulose fibers; Surface properties and the water uptake behavior. Polymer Composites, 23(5), 872-894. doi:10.1002/pc.10485Karmaker, A. C., Hoffmann, A., & Hinrichsen, G. (1994). Influence of water uptake on the mechanical properties of jute fiber-reinforced polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 54(12), 1803-1807. doi:10.1002/app.1994.070541203Nevin, C. S., & Moser, B. F. (1963). Vinyl oil monomers. I. Vicinal methacryloxy-hydroxy soy oils. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 7(5), 1853-1866. doi:10.1002/app.1963.070070523Miyagawa, H., Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., & Drzal, L. T. (2004). Thermo-Physical and Impact Properties of Epoxy Containing Epoxidized Linseed Oil, 2. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 289(7), 636-641. doi:10.1002/mame.200400003Jin, F.-L., & Park, S.-J. (2008). Thermomechanical behavior of epoxy resins modified with epoxidized vegetable oils. Polymer International, 57(4), 577-583. doi:10.1002/pi.2280Zhu, J., Chandrashekhara, K., Flanigan, V., & Kapila, S. (2004). Curing and mechanical characterization of a soy-based epoxy resin system. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(6), 3513-3518. doi:10.1002/app.13571Singh, B., Gupta, M., & Verma, A. (2000). The durability of jute fibre-reinforced phenolic composites. Composites Science and Technology, 60(4), 581-589. doi:10.1016/s0266-3538(99)00172-4Acha, B. A., Marcovich, N. E., & Reboredo, M. M. (2005). Physical and mechanical characterization of jute fabric composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98(2), 639-650. doi:10.1002/app.22083Biagiotti, J., Puglia, D., & Kenny, J. M. (2004). A Review on Natural Fibre-Based Composites-Part I. Journal of Natural Fibers, 1(2), 37-68. doi:10.1300/j395v01n02_04Joseph, P. ., Rabello, M. S., Mattoso, L. H. ., Joseph, K., & Thomas, S. (2002). Environmental effects on the degradation behaviour of sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Science and Technology, 62(10-11), 1357-1372. doi:10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00080-5Stamboulis, A., Baillie, C. A., & Peijs, T. (2001). Effects of environmental conditions on mechanical and physical properties of flax fibers. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 32(8), 1105-1115. doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00032-

An infiltration strategy to repair Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) parts

[EN] This paper presents a methodology to determine the damage levels of laminate carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) parts after controlled impacts. These techniques will be used to perform a re-infiltration technique to repair composite parts and to reduce maintenance costs. It will be included the manufacturing processes, material characterization and the application of the AITM-0010 standard. Also, it is propose the use of NUT Ultrasonic inspection to determine and characterized the degree of the damage measured. This NDT method uses an advanced pulse-echo technique that through allow exploration of different angles, shapes and positions of defects. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial funding by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of the German government under grant 03FH029AN4 and the Spanish government under DPI2013-44903-R-AR.Garcia-Girón, RE.; Linke, M.; Nesslinger, S.; García Manrique, JA. (2017). An infiltration strategy to repair Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) parts. Procedia Manufacturing. 13:380-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.024S3803871

Trajectory control and modelling for wind turbine maintenance by using a RPAS

One of the most demanded assets nowadays is energy. Over many options to generate it, humankind must seek sustainable ways; therefore, renewable energies must be empowered. Moreover, wind provides great benefits, granting uncalculated power at our disposition. Since this task is executed by big structures, their maintenance represents a difficult task for human efforts to achieve, because the height requires much support, effort and time to accomplish. A Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) can be adapted to perform surveillance on different types of surfaces, presenting a comfortable way to execute it in dangerous and difficult to access spaces, providing safer methods, and bringing experience of qualified workers and technology together. This paper will provide methods for generating a trajectory over Wind Turbine blades, relying on the specification of a Phantom 4. The main objective is to establish a path over this structure, based on the measurements of a specific model and incorporating all of the blades surface. The results were satisfying once the precision was inside the allowed deviation. Nevertheless, some issues might be improved such as the velocity between waypoints and the polynomial selected to define the trajectory

Comparison of Different Parameters to Evaluate Delamination in Edge Trimming of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastics (BFRP)

[EN] Delamination is one of the main problems that occur when machining fiber-reinforced composite materials. In this work, Types I and II of delamination are studied separately in edge trimming of basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP). For this purpose, one-dimensional and area delamination parameters are defined. One-dimensional parameters (Wa and Wb) allow to know average fibers length while the analysis of area delamination parameters (Sd) allow to evaluate delamination density. To study delamination, different tests are carried out modifying cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut) and material characteristics (fiber volume fraction and fiber orientation). Laminates with a lower fiber volume fraction do not present delamination. Attending to one-dimensional parameters it can be concluded that Type II delamination is more important than Type I and that a high depth of cut generates higher values of delamination parameters. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to study area parameters. Although delamination has a random nature, for each depth of cut, more influence variables in area delamination are firstly, feed per tooth and secondly, cutting speed.This research was funded by Government of Spain, grant number PID2019-108807RB-I00.Navarro-Mas, M.; Meseguer, M.; Lluch-Cerezo, J.; García Manrique, JA. (2020). Comparison of Different Parameters to Evaluate Delamination in Edge Trimming of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastics (BFRP). Materials. 13(23):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235326S1171323Lopresto, V., Caggiano, A., & Teti, R. (2016). High Performance Cutting of Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composite Materials. Procedia CIRP, 46, 71-82. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.079Ozkan, D., Panjan, P., Gok, M. S., & Karaoglanli, A. C. (2020). Experimental Study on Tool Wear and Delamination in Milling CFRPs with TiAlN- and TiN-Coated Tools. Coatings, 10(7), 623. doi:10.3390/coatings10070623Nguyen-Dinh, N., Bouvet, C., & Zitoune, R. (2019). Influence of machining damage generated during trimming of CFRP composite on the compressive strength. Journal of Composite Materials, 54(11), 1413-1430. doi:10.1177/0021998319883335Razfar, M. R., & Zadeh, M. R. Z. (2009). Optimum damage and surface roughness prediction in end milling glass fibre-reinforced plastics, using neural network and genetic algorithm. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 223(6), 653-664. doi:10.1243/09544054jem1409Neeli, N., Jenarthanan, M. P., & Dileep Kumar, G. (2018). Multi-response optimization for machining GFRP composites using GRA and DFA. Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, 14(3), 482-496. doi:10.1108/mmms-08-2017-0092Azmi, A. I., Lin, R. J. T., & Bhattacharyya, D. (2012). Machinability study of glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites during end milling. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 64(1-4), 247-261. doi:10.1007/s00170-012-4006-6Jenarthanan, M. P., & Jeyapaul, R. (2018). Optimisation of machining parameters on milling of GFRP composites by desirability function analysis using Taguchi method. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 5(4), 22-36. doi:10.4314/ijest.v5i4.3Sreenivasulu, R. (2013). Optimization of Surface Roughness and Delamination Damage of GFRP Composite Material in End Milling Using Taguchi Design Method and Artificial Neural Network. Procedia Engineering, 64, 785-794. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.154He, Y., Qing, H., Zhang, S., Wang, D., & Zhu, S. (2017). The cutting force and defect analysis in milling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93(5-8), 1829-1842. doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0613-6Raj, P. P., & Perumal, A. E. (2010). Taguchi Analysis of surface roughness and delamination associated with various cemented carbide K10 end mills in milling of GFRP. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 3(1), 58-64. doi:10.25103/jestr.031.11Hintze, W., Hartmann, D., & Schütte, C. (2011). Occurrence and propagation of delamination during the machining of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) – An experimental study. Composites Science and Technology, 71(15), 1719-1726. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.08.002Wang, F., Yin, J., Ma, J., Jia, Z., Yang, F., & Niu, B. (2017). Effects of cutting edge radius and fiber cutting angle on the cutting-induced surface damage in machining of unidirectional CFRP composite laminates. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 91(9-12), 3107-3120. doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0023-9Li, M., Huang, M., Jiang, X., Kuo, C., & Yang, X. (2018). Study on burr occurrence and surface integrity during slot milling of multidirectional and plain woven CFRPs. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 97(1-4), 163-173. doi:10.1007/s00170-018-1937-6Sheikh-Ahmad, J. Y., Dhuttargaon, M., & Cheraghi, H. (2017). New tool life criterion for delamination free milling of CFRP. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 92(5-8), 2131-2143. doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0240-2Szwajka, K., & Trzepieciński, T. (2016). Effect of tool material on tool wear and delamination during machining of particleboard. Journal of Wood Science, 62(4), 305-315. doi:10.1007/s10086-016-1555-6Wang, F., Zhang, B., Jia, Z., Zhao, X., & Wang, Q. (2019). Structural optimization method of multitooth cutter for surface damages suppression in edge trimming of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 46, 204-213. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.09.013Masek, P., Zeman, P., Kolar, P., & Holesovsky, F. (2018). Edge trimming of C/PPS plates. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 101(1-4), 157-170. doi:10.1007/s00170-018-2857-1Dhand, V., Mittal, G., Rhee, K. Y., Park, S.-J., & Hui, D. (2015). A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 73, 166-180. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.011Navarro-Mas, M., García-Manrique, J., Meseguer, M., Ordeig, I., & Sánchez, A. (2018). Delamination Study in Edge Trimming of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastics (BFRP). Materials, 11(8), 1418. doi:10.3390/ma1108141

Effect of a Powder Mould in the Post-Process Thermal Treatment of ABS Parts Manufactured with FDM Technology

[EN] The post-process thermal treatment of thermoplastics improves their mechanical properties, but causes deformations in parts, making them unusable. This work proposes a powder mould to prevent dimensional part deformation and studies the influence of line building direction in part deformations in a post-process thermal treatment of 3D printed polymers. Two sets of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) test samples manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) in six different raster directions have been treated and evaluated. One set has been packed with a ceramic powder mould during thermal treatment to evaluate deformations and mould effectiveness. Thermogravimetric tests have been carried out on ABS samples, concluding that the thermal treatment of the samples does not cause degradations in the polymeric material. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study internal building geometry and mould influence on part deformation after the thermal treatment. It can be concluded that powder mould considerably reduces dimensional deformations during the thermal treatment process, with length being the most affected dimension for deformation. Attending to the length, mould effectiveness is greater than 80% in comparison to non-usage of moulding, reaching 90% when the building lines are in the same direction as the main part.This research received partial funding from the Government of Spain under the project PID2019-108807RB-I00.Lluch-Cerezo, J.; Benavente Martínez, R.; Meseguer, M.; García Manrique, JA. (2021). Effect of a Powder Mould in the Post-Process Thermal Treatment of ABS Parts Manufactured with FDM Technology. Polymers. 13(15):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152422S116131

Automatic positioning device for cutting three-dimensional tissue in living or fixed samples. Proof of concept

"© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works."[EN] The study and analysis of tissues has always been an important part of the subject in biology. For this reason, obtaining specimens of tissue has been vital to morphological and functionality research. Historically, the main tools used to obtain slices of tissue have been microtomes and vibratomes. However, they are largely unsatisfactory. This is because it is impossible to obtain a full, three-dimensional structure of a tissue sample with these devices. This paper presents an automatic positioning device for a three-dimensional cut in living or fixed tissue samples, which can be applied mainly in histology, anatomy, biochemistry and pharmacology. The system consists of a platform on which the tissue samples can be deposited, plus two containers. An electromechanical system with motors and gears gives the platform the ability to change the orientation of a sample. These orientation changes were tested with movement sensors to ensure that accurate changes were made. This device paves the way for researchers to make cuts in the sample tissue along different planes and in different directions by maximizing the surface of the tract that appears in a slice.Research supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds under grants BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R and BFU2015-64380-C2-1-R. Santiago Canals acknowledges financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency, through the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (ref. SEV- 2013-0317). Dario Quinones is supported by grant Ayudas para la formacion de personal investigador (FPI) from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. We are grateful to Begoña Fernández (Neuroscience Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC, Alicante, Spain) for her excellent technical assistance.Quiñones, DR.; Pérez Feito, R.; García Manrique, JA.; Canals-Gamoneda, S.; Moratal, D. (2017). Automatic positioning device for cutting three-dimensional tissue in living or fixed samples. Proof of concept. Proceedings Intenational Anual Conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1372-1375. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2017.8037088S1372137

Dispositivo automático de posicionamiento para corte de tejido tridimensional en una muestra, vibrátomo que lo comprende y su uso

La presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo automático de posicionamiento para corte de tejido tridimensional, en una muestra de tejido viva o fijada caracterizado porque al menos comprende: - una plataforma (1) para depositar las muestras de tejido - un subsistema electromecánico que al menos comprende - un primer motor (2) y primeros medios mecánicos que imprimen un movimiento angular a la plataforma (1) - un segundo motor (3) y segundos medios mecánicos que imprimen un movimiento de inclinación de la plataforma (1) a un vibrátomo que comprende este dispositivo de posicionamiento, y a su uso en histología, anatomía, neurociencia, bioquímica o farmacología.Peer reviewedUniversitat Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasA1 Solicitud de adición a la patent