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Prosodie de l’hexamètre homérique : de l’indépendance de la langue par rapport au mètre

Toutes les langues, dans leur diversité, sont capables de produire un rythme mesuré et donc des hexamètres, parce que les techniques de versification, qui appartiennent à la conscience de l’art, opèrent par-dessus le linguistique. Longueur, durée ou quantité linguistiques ne peuvent être distinguées en elles-mêmes : c’est grâce au rythme que l’on établit une certaine régularité dans les retours des temps forts ou des temps marqués du vers. C’est en vertu de la grammaire particulière d’une langue donnée que certains éléments prosodiques, comme les types de syllabe, les accents de mot, les intonations de comma ou de phrase interviennent dans la fabrication du vers métrique en le conditionnant de différentes manières. Présentation d’un extrait de L’Iliade en hexamètres espagnols.Every language, in its variety, can produce a measured rhythm, hence hexametres, since versification techniques, which belongs to the conscience of art, operate above linguistics. Linguistic length, duration or quantity are closely intertwined: it is thanks to rhythm that is possible to establish a certain regularity in the recurrence of the strong and pronounced times in the verse. It is in virtue of a given language’s peculiar grammar that certain prosodic elements, such as the kinds of syllables, the accents of the word, the intonations of comma or phrase, take part to the construction of metric verse, conditioning it in various ways. This paper also contains a presentation of an excerpt of the Iliad in Spanish hexameters

Los mecanismos en el tiempo del cinematógrafo

García Calvo, A.; Escudero, I. (1997). Los mecanismos en el tiempo del cinematógrafo. Banda aparte. (8):81-83. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42234.Importación Masiva8183

Rethinking the Neural Basis of Prosody and Non-literal Language: Spared Pragmatics and Cognitive Compensation in a Bilingual With Extensive Right-Hemisphere Damage

Above and beyond the critical contributions of left perisylvian regions to language, the neural networks supporting pragmatic aspects of verbal communication in native and non-native languages (L1s and L2, respectively) have often been ascribed to the right hemisphere (RH). However, several reports have shown that left-hemisphere activity associated with pragmatic domains (e.g., prosody, indirect speech, figurative language) is comparable to or even greater than that observed in the RH, challenging the proposed putative role of the latter for relevant domains. Against this background, we report on an adult bilingual patient showing preservation of pragmatic verbal skills in both languages (L1: Spanish, L2: English) despite bilateral damage mainly focused on the RH. After two strokes, the patient sustained lesions in several regions previously implicated in pragmatic functions (vast portions of the right fronto-insulo-temporal cortices, the bilateral amygdalae and insular cortices, and the left putamen). Yet, comparison of linguistic and pragmatic skills with matched controls revealed spared performance on multiple relevant tasks in both her L1 and L2. Despite mild difficulties in some aspects of L2 prosody, she showed no deficits in comprehending metaphors and idioms, or understanding indirect speech acts in either language. Basic verbal skills were also preserved in both languages, including verbal auditory discrimination, repetition of words and pseudo-words, cognate processing, grammaticality judgments, equivalent recognition, and word and sentence translation. Taken together, the evidence shows that multiple functions of verbal communication can be widely spared despite extensive damage to the RH, and that claims for a putative relation between pragmatics and the RH may have been overemphasized in the monolingual and bilingual literature. We further discuss the case in light of previous reports of pragmatic and linguistic deficits following brain lesions and address its relation to cognitive compensation in bilingual patients

The Neutrino Mediterranean Observatory Laser Beacon: Design and Qualification

This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Programa Estatal para Impulsar la Investigación Científico-Técnica y su Transferencia (refs. PID2021-124591NB-B-C41) (MCIU/FEDER); the Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I (refs. ASFAE/2022/023); Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019); the Grisolía (ref. GRISOLIAP/2021/192) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2020/049, /2021/23) programs; and the EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain.This paper encapsulates details of the NEMO laser beacon's design, offering a profound contribution to the field of the time calibration of underwater neutrino telescopes. The mechanical design of the laser beacon, which operates at a depth of 3500 m, is presented, together with the design of the antibiofouling system employed to endure the operational pressure and optimize the operational range, enhancing its functionality and enabling time calibration among multiple towers. A noteworthy innovation central to this development lies in the battery system. This configuration enhances the device's portability, a crucial aspect in underwater operations. The comprehensive design of the laser beacon, encompassing the container housing, the requisite battery system for operation, electronics, and an effective antibiofouling system, is described in this paper. Additionally, this paper presents the findings of the laser beacon's qualification process.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Programa Estatal para Impulsar la Investigación Científico-Técnica y su Transferencia PID2021-124591NB-B-C41Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I ASFAE/2022/023Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF) PROMETEO/2020/019Grisolia GRISOLIAP/2021/192GenT CIDEGENT/2018/034, CIDEGENT/2020/049, CIDEGENT/2021/23EU: MSC program, Spain 10102508

Graphics Processing Unit–Enhanced Genetic Algorithms for Solving the Temporal Dynamics of Gene Regulatory Networks

Understanding the regulation of gene expression is one of the key problems in current biology. A promising method for that purpose is the determination of the temporal dynamics between known initial and ending network states, by using simple acting rules. The huge amount of rule combinations and the nonlinear inherent nature of the problem make genetic algorithms an excellent candidate for finding optimal solutions. As this is a computationally intensive problem that needs long runtimes in conventional architectures for realistic network sizes, it is fundamental to accelerate this task. In this article, we study how to develop efficient parallel implementations of this method for the fine-grained parallel architecture of graphics processing units (GPUs) using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) platform. An exhaustive and methodical study of various parallel genetic algorithm schemes—master-slave, island, cellular, and hybrid models, and various individual selection methods (roulette, elitist)—is carried out for this problem. Several procedures that optimize the use of the GPU’s resources are presented. We conclude that the implementation that produces better results (both from the performance and the genetic algorithm fitness perspectives) is simulating a few thousands of individuals grouped in a few islands using elitist selection. This model comprises 2 mighty factors for discovering the best solutions: finding good individuals in a short number of generations, and introducing genetic diversity via a relatively frequent and numerous migration. As a result, we have even found the optimal solution for the analyzed gene regulatory network (GRN). In addition, a comparative study of the performance obtained by the different parallel implementations on GPU versus a sequential application on CPU is carried out. In our tests, a multifold speedup was obtained for our optimized parallel implementation of the method on medium class GPU over an equivalent sequential single-core implementation running on a recent Intel i7 CPU. This work can provide useful guidance to researchers in biology, medicine, or bioinformatics in how to take advantage of the parallelization on massively parallel devices and GPUs to apply novel metaheuristic algorithms powered by nature for real-world applications (like the method to solve the temporal dynamics of GRNs)

¿El bilingüismo como protección ante la demencia? Inconsistencias empíricas y nuevas propuestas metodológicas

El deterioro cognitivo durante el envejecimiento normal o patológico puede retrasarse mediante experiencias que fomentan la reserva cognitiva. En este sentido, algunos estudios indican que el bilingüismo retrasaría los síntomas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Sin embargo, la evidencia se basa en diseños retrospectivos que arrojan resultados contradictorios. Este trabajo analiza dichos resultados, identifica las principales variables detrás de sus discrepancias y propone alternativas metodológicas. Primero, caracterizamos los posibles factores de confusión, a saber: criterios para definir el bilingüismo, diferencias en los diseños muestrales, instrumentos empleados para estudiar las habilidades cognitivas y variables que modulan el desempeño cognitivo. Luego proponemos que estas limitaciones se podrían evitar mediante diseños experimentales y el uso de instrumentos adecuados para controlar eficazmente dichas variables. Además, sugerimos incorporar tareas que ya han demostrado patrones predecibles de desempeño contrastivo entre individuos bilingües y monolingües (desventajas bilingües en el vocabulario, efectos nulos en ciertos componentes de la memoria de trabajo y ventajas en el control inhibitorio), y otras que podrían sumar datos muy valiosos (como las tareas de interferencia proactiva). Estas consideraciones pueden arrojar luz no sólo sobre la relación entre bilingüismo y reserva cognitiva, sino también sobre mecanismos más generales de compensación cognitiva.Bilingualism and cognitive reserve: empirical inconsistencies and new methodological proposals. Cognitive decline throughout healthy or pathological aging can be slowed down by experiences which foster cognitive reserve. In this sense, some studies have suggested that bilingualism may delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the evidence stems from retrospective approaches yielding contradictory results. The present paper addresses these findings, identifies possible lurking variables, and outlines methodological alternatives thereof. First, we characterize possible confounding factors, namely: the criteria to establish bilingualism, differences in sample design, the instruments used to examine cognitive skills, and variables known to modulate life-long cognition. Second, we propose that these limitations could be largely circumvented through experimental approaches and the use of adequate instruments to measure such variables. Moreover, future research should incorporate tasks yielding predictable patterns of contrastive performance between bilinguals and monolinguals (bilingual disadvantages in vocabulary, null effects in working memory, advantages in inhibitory control and other executive functions), and other which could offer valuable insights (e. g., proactive interference tasks). Such considerations may shed light not just on the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive reserve, but also on more general mechanisms of cognitive compensation.Fil: Calvo Garbarino, Noelia Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Manoiloff, Laura Maria Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Edison. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Facultad de Humanidades; ChileFil: Contreras, Marcela. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Facultad de Humanidades; ChileFil: Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; Chile. Universidad Autónoma del Caribe; ColombiaFil: García, Adolfo Martín. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva. Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin