Biocorrosion of Carbon Steel under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

In the Iberian Pyritic Belt (SW Europe), Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is the consequence of the interaction of physical-chemical and biological factors, where aerobic Fe and/or S oxidizing chemolithotrophic and anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria play an essential role. As a result, the polluted waters are highly acidic (pH 2–3) and contain numerous dissolved or suspended metals, which gives them a powerful corrosive action on constructions related to mining activities with high economic losses. To verify the role of bacteria in the corrosion of carbon steel, a common material in buildings exposed to corrosion in acidic waters, several experiments have been carried out under controlled conditions using carbon steel bars and acidic water containing bacteria consortia from an AMD river of the Iberian Pyritic Belt. In all the experiments carried out, a remarkable oxidation of supplemented iron was observed in the presence of bacteria. Using carbon steel as the sole iron source, we observed a slight corrosion of the bars, but when culture media was supplemented with elemental sulfur, steel bars was severely damaged. Since the bacteria inoculum come from the surface water, well oxygenated, nutrient-poor river, the obtained results are discussed based on facultative metabolism of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria.This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain), grant number PID2021-123130OBI0

Introducción a la expresión plástica infantil : análisis y desarrollo

Resumen tomado de la publicación.Con el claro objetivo de exponer y analizar la importancia de la expresión artística en edad temprana, esta obra pretende, en palabras de su autor, ofrecer una imagen general de las teorías y estudios más significativos del análisis de la plástica infantil, cimiento básico para el desarrollo de la creatividad, de la personalidad y, en definitiva, de la inteligencia. Es el lenguaje práctico el que pone de manifiesto las capacidades del niño, tanto reales como potenciales porque es su expresión plástica, antes que la oral y escrita, la que podrá descubrir al docente las aptitudes de aquél y las vías a seguir para que desarrolle sus posibilidades.Consejería de Educación, Universidades y Empleo, Servicio de Publicaciones y Estadística; Avda. La Fama, 15; 30006 Murcia; Teléfono 968 279842; [email protected]; www.educarm.es/publicacionesES

Determination of cadmium in used engine oil, gasoline and diesel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

In this study, a sensitive and matrix-effect free analytical method for Cd determination in engine oils and fuel samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry has been successfully developed. The extractant solvent used for the microextraction procedure was a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) (i.e., bis(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrathiocyanatocobaltate (II) [Emim]2[Co(SCN)4]), which presents a paramagnetic property, and allows an easy phase separation using a magnet. In order to eliminate the well-known drawbacks of direct introduction of MIL in the graphite furnace, a back-extraction procedure was performed to transfer the analyte into an aqueous phase. The main experimental factors affecting the extraction of Cd (i.e., amount of sample and MIL, extraction and back-extraction time and concentration and amount of nitric acid) were optimized using a multivariate analysis consisting in two steps: a Plackett-Burman design followed by a circumscribed central composite design. Under optimum conditions (i.e., amount of sample: 6.2 g; amount of MIL: 119 mg; extraction time: 1 min; amount of nitric acid: 200 mg; nitric acid concentration: 1 mol L-1 and back-extraction time: 1 min), the proposed analytical method was validated and successfully used to analyze three real-world samples (i.e., used engine oil, gasoline and diesel). The three samples were spiked at two levels (i.e., 10 and 20 μg kg-1 of Cd for used engine oil and 1 and 3 μg kg-1 of Cd for gasoline and diesel). RSD and recovery values were within the range of 6–11% and 95–110%, respectively.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Government (projects n. CTQ2016-79991-R and PGC 2018-098363-100), Fundación Séneca (Project n. 19888/GERM/15) and European Union (FEDER funds) for the financial support

Fray Lorenzo de San Nicolás: arte y uso de la arquitectura en la Basílica del Prado

[EN] The knowledge of architecture, initially through the direct follow-up of the Vitruvio`s manuscript and later from the intervention of the writers and architects of the Renaissance, has sought to be transmitted over time through the meeting of Its precepts in theoretical works capable of maintaining the principles of shape, style and proportion, guideline and basis for architects and future works. As regards the architect and treatise writer Fray Lorenzo de San Nicolás, we have seen that the theoretical proposals collected in his book Arte y Uso de Arquitectura are reflected in their own buildings. Through digital photogrammetric rising techniques we have been able to analyze the degree of approximation or coherence between the theory and the built project.[ES] El conocimiento de la arquitectura, inicialmente mediante el seguimiento directo del manuscrito de Vitruvio, y más tarde a partir de la intervención de los arquitectos tratadistas del Renacimiento, ha buscado transmitirse a lo largo del tiempo a través de la reunión de sus preceptos en obras teóricas capaces de mantener los principios de forma, estilo y proporción, pauta y base para arquitectos y obras venideras. Por lo que se refiere al arquitecto y tratadista Fray Lorenzo de San Nicolás, hemos podido comprobar que las propuestas teóricas recogidas en su obra Arte y Uso de Arquitectura se ven reflejadas en sus propios edificios. A través de técnicas digitales fotogramétricas de levantamiento hemos podido analizar el grado de aproximación o coherencia entre la teoría y el proyecto construido.Garcia León, J.; Ros Torres, J.; Fernández Vázquez, J.; García Córdoba, M. (2023). Fray Lorenzo de San Nicolás: art and use of architecture in the Prado Basilica. EGE Revista de Expresión Gráfica en la Edificación. (19):65-81. https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.2072365811

Vortex transmutation

Using group theory arguments and numerical simulations, we demonstrate the possibility of changing the vorticity or topological charge of an individual vortex by means of the action of a system possessing a discrete rotational symmetry of finite order. We establish on theoretical grounds a "transmutation pass rule'' determining the conditions for this phenomenon to occur and numerically analize it in the context of two-dimensional optical lattices or, equivalently, in that of Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Determinación espectrofotométrica y espectrofluorimétrica de oro por un proceso de extracción. Determinación de oro en plomos

Tetrachloroauric acid forms with phenosafranine (C.I.50200) an ionpair which is extractable in butyl acetate. As a consequence new spectrophotometric éind spectrofluorimetric methods for gold determination are developed. With 5 ml of organic layer and 25 ml for the aqueous phase, 0,3 M in hydrochloric acid, 2.0 M in sodium chloride and 10-4 M in phenosafranine, Beer's law is obeyed at 527 nm in the range 1,25-37,5 micrograms of gold. The sensitivity can be enhaced measuring the fluorescence i,„xc=521, Xem 547 nm) of the organic phase diluted five times with acetone and even 0,125 µg of gold can be determined. The methods have been applied to the determination of gold (2-10 p.p.m.) in lead with good analytical results.El anión tetracloroaurato forma con la fenosafranina (I. C. 50200) un compuesto de asociación iónica extraíble en acetato de butilo, lo que nos ha permitido proponer nuevos métodos, espectrofotométrico y espectrofluorimétrico, para la determinación de oro. Para 5 ml de fase orgánica y 25 ml de fase acuosa, en medio 0,3 M en HCl, 2,0 M en NaCl y 10-4 M en fenosafranina la ley de Beer se cumple entre 1,25 y 37,5 µg de oro a 527 nm. La sensibilidad puede aumentarse midiendo la fluorescencia (λexe — 521 nm, λexe = 547 nm) de la capa orgánica diluida cinco veces con acetona, pudiendo determinarse de esta manera incluso 0,125 µg de oro. Los métodos han sido aplicados a la determinación de oro (2-10 p.p.m.) en plomo con excelentes resultados analíticos

Anlysis using geographical information system in the city of Cartagena

[SPA] A partir de un listado de edificaciones modernistas de la ciudad de Cartagena, y mediante el empleo de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se realizan los mapas temáticos en función de diferentes variables mostrando cartográficamente los arquitectos que los realizaron,los usos para los que se proyectaron o el grado de catalogación actual de los mismos, que pueden relacionarse con las principales rutas modernistas de la ciudad. A partir del estudio espacial de la ubicación de los edificios seleccionados aparecen dos ejes de concentración de los mismos, muy bien diferenciados, que coinciden con los principales ejes de la ciudad amurallada: el eje Norte-Sur entre la puerta de Madrid y la del Muelle, que continua extramuros en la misma dirección en las casas baratas y el otro eje fundamental Oeste-Este, que coincide con el eje de la puerta de San José, que también continúa extramuros con la estación de ferrocarril. Este estudio es susceptible de incorporarse a un geoportal siendo este la herramienta óptima para la difusión y conocimiento de la información obtenida sobre el modernismo en la ciudad. [ENG] Based on a list of art nouveau buildings on Cartagena, and using Geographic Information Systems, we have made thematic maps rooted in different variables, cartographically showing the architects who created them, current uses and the degree of cataloging, which may relate with the modernist routes of the city. From the study of the location of selected buildings we can observe two axes of concentration of buildings, which coincide with the principal axes of the walled city: the North-South axis from the Puerta de Madrid toPuerta del Muelle, which continues outside the walls in the same direction at Casas Baratas and other main West-East, which coincides with the axis of the Puerta de San Jose, which also continues outside the walls until the railway station. This study is sensitive to join a geoportal as an optimal tool for dissemination and knowledge of information obtained on modernism in the Cartagena

Dibujo de espacios a mano alzada a través de planimetría

Ideación Gráfica IIGrado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectur

Guía para realizar un apunte del natural

Ideación Gráfica IGrado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectur