Evolución del conocimiento físico

In this paper we wish to present the evolution of the structure of the physic knowledge from the level of 1st year BUP to science graduates. The reliability of the responses also analysed

Enseñanza de las ciencias : revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónResumen en inglésSe presenta la evolución de la estructura del conocimiento físico desde el nivel 1 del primer curso de BUP hasta los graduados en ciencias. La fiabilidad de las respuestas también es analizada.ES

Evolución del conocimiento físico

In this paper we wish to present the evolution of the structure of the physic knowledge from the level of 1st year BUP to science graduates. The reliability of the responses also analysed

Study of the thermal decomposition of petrochemical sludge in a pilot plant reactor

The pyrolysis of a sludge produced in the waste water treatment plant of an oil refinery was studied in a pilot plant reactor provided with a system for condensation of semivolatile matter. The study comprises experiments at 350, 400, 470 and 530 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. Analysis of all the products obtained (gases, liquids and chars) are presented, with a thermogravimetric study of the char produced and analysis of main components of the liquid. In the temperature range studied, the composition of the gas fraction does not appreciably vary. In the liquids, the light hidrocarbon yield increases with increasing temperature, whereas the aromatic compounds diminish. The decomposition of the solid fraction has been analysed, finding a material that reacts rapidly with oxygen regardless of the conditions it is formed.TEP-6686 project funded by the Operational Program FEDER and FSE of Andalusia 2007-2013. Ministry of Education and Science (Spain): CTQ2008-05520. Valencian Community Government (Spain): PROMETEO/2009/043 and ACOMP2011/224

Thermogravimetric monitoring of oil refinery sludge

The present work has two dimensions: analytical and environmental. On the one hand we proved that thermogravimetric analysis can be used to perform fast characterization of oil refinery sludge. To this end, thermogravimetric curves were deconvoluted by using autocatalytic kinetics to take into account acceleratory phases in a thermal degradation performed in oxygen-containing atmosphere or at high heating rates. Based on thermogravimetric results, oil refinery sludge was modeled in terms of various fractions (pseudo-components) which degrade as major oil cuts. On the other hand, as an alternative to landfill, we have seen that Soxhlet extraction allows recovery almost half of the weight of sludge as a mixture of hydrocarbons, similar to gas–oil, which burns without residue. This ensures both, waste inerting and significant reduction in sludge volume.This work was funded by Junta de Andalucía, Spain (Project TEP–6688)

Gas production during the pyrolysis and gasification of biological and physico-chemical sludges from oil refinery

Pyrolysis and gasification of two different sludges coming from a Spanish refinery have been performed at different experimental conditions. A physico-chemical (PC) and a biological (BIO) sludge have been studied. Runs at different heating rates (approx. 4 and 10 K/s) and with different contact time between gases and decomposed sludge have been performed. In general, the ratio H2/CO is higher in pyrolytic runs. The highest ratio is obtained in the pyrolysis at low heating rate and parallel flow, using both sludges. The maximum emission of CO, i.e. the worst combustion conditions, is given in the runs where contact time is minimized and at high heating rates.Support for this work was provided by Junta de Andalucía, Spain (project TEP-6688) and the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, with projects Prometeo/2009/043/FEDER and ACOMP2011/224, and by the Spanish MCT CTQ2008-05520