Los inicios en prensa de Francisco Umbral: las colaboraciones en "La Estafeta Literaria"

El presente artículo pretende sacar a la luz las colaboraciones que Francisco Umbral firmó durante la década de los sesenta en la revista La Estafeta Literaria, uno de los medios de Madrid en los que empezó su trayectoria periodística. Las colaboraciones de La Estafeta suman casi dos centenares y abarcan todos los géneros: la crítica, el artículo, la crónica, la entrevista o la creación. El objetivo que se persigue es, además de rescatarlas del olvido, situarlas en el contexto de la trayectoria del autor y en de la propia publicación. Para completar la información se incluirá un anexo con un detallado elenco de todos los títulos escritos por Umbral en la revista.This article brings to light the contributions of Francisco Umbral during the sixties in La Estafeta Literaria, one of the reviews published in Madrid, where his journalistic trajectory started. He penned nearly two hundred contributions: articles, interviews, chronicles and works of fiction. The aim of this paper is to recover them and to place them in the context of the review itself and of the author´s trajectory. To complete this information an exhaustive list of all the texts written by Umbral for the Estafeta is provided in the annex

Salvador de Madariaga y John B. Trend, catedráticos en Oxford y Cambridge: un puente cultural entre España y Reino Unido

La Universidad de Oxford creó su primera cátedra de Lengua y Literatura Españolas en 1927; la Universidad de Cambridge, seis años después, en 1933. Sus primeros ocupantes fueron el escritor español Salvador de Madariaga y el musicólogo e hispanista inglés John B. Trend, respectivamente. Antes de llegar a la cátedra ambos autores mantenían una estrecha relación con la cultura del país amigo, relación que la vida académica contribuyó a acrecentar. El presente artículo trata de ahondar en este vínculo y de mostrar la importante labor desempeñada por estos dos intelectuales como puente cultural entre Reino Unido y España durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXOxford University created the first chair of Spanish Language and Literature in 1927; Cambridge University, six years later, in 1933. Their first occupants were, respectively, the Spanish writer Salvador de Madariaga and the English musicologist and hispanist John B. Trend. Before reaching the chair both authors maintained a close relationship with the culture of the friendly country, a relationship that academic life contributed to strengthen. This article tries to delve into this link and to show the important work carried out by these two intellectuals, acting as a cultural bridge between the United Kingdom and Spain during the first decades of the twentieth centur

La literatura extranjera de creación en Nueva Estafeta: un medio de entrada en la España de la primera democracia

Se recogen aquí los textos de creación lírica, narrativa y dramática, provenientes de literaturas en lengua no española, que se publicaron en la revista La Estafeta Literaria a lo largo de siete etapas (1944-2001) de su trayectoria. En 1978 comienza su sexta época, bajo la dirección de Luis Rosales; cambia entonces de nombre e introduce interesantes transformaciones en su contenido. Pasa a llamarse Nueva Estafeta y, entre otras innovaciones, dota de un mayor protagonismo a los textos de creación extranjera, con lo que se convierte en un importante medio de recepción de las letras universales en España. Pretendemos mostrar ese cambio sin entrar en análisis formales o conceptuales de los textos. This article gathers all the prose, poetry and drama texts by non-Spanish authors published in the literary magazine La Estafeta Literaria throughout seven periods running from 1944 to 2001. teh sixth period begins in 1978, under Luis Rosales as editor. The magazine is then renamed Nueva Estafeta and incorporates significant changes to its contents, especially the more prominente role given to non-Spanish authors. The magazine becames so an excellent means of assessing the impacto f universal literary in Spain. This work aims at document these changes, letting aside a formal analysis of the articles. Rurther on this topic should come

El tratamiento de la historia en las «novelas serias» de Eduardo Mendoza. De la Restauración a la España socialista de los 80

Este trabajo aborda un estudio comparado entre Mauricio o las elecciones primarias, novela publicada en 2006 por Eduardo Mendoza, y dos de sus obras previas: La verdad sobre el caso Savolta (1975) y La ciudad de los prodigios (1986). El aspecto analizado es el tratamiento de la realidad histórica de España y su vínculo con la ficción narrativa en todas ellas; pero mientras que las dos primeras transcurren durante la época de la Restauración, Mauricio se adelanta hasta la España socialista de los 80. En esta última, Mendoza se vale de recursos narrativos similares a los empleados en las dos anteriores, si bien caben ciertas discrepancias que aportan nuevo datos en el estudio de su trayectoria

Post-Activation Potentiation in Strength Training: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature

This review aimed to determine the ideal combination of post activation potentiation (PAP) strategies for an improved strength performance. After analysing 202 articles, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings of this review suggest that a potentiation effect exists as long as a minimum intensity and enough rest are provided. Although intensities of 65% 1RM are sufficient to elicit a potentiation effect, higher effects can be achieved with 85 - 90% 1RM intensities. Similarly, we found that experienced athletes will benefit more from a higher volume bout (1-3 sets), as long as 7-8 minutes of rest are allowed to avoid fatigue

Reflections and Insights on the Evolution of the Biological Remediation of Contaminated Soils

The field of soil biological remediation was initially focused on the use of microorganisms. For organic contaminants, biostimulation and bioaugmentation were the strategies of choice. For heavy metals, bioremediation was centered on the feasibility of using microorganisms to reduce metal toxicity. Partly due to the impossibility to degrade metals, phytoremediation emerged proposing the use of plants to extract them (phytoextraction) or reduce their bioavailability (phytostabilization). Later, microbial-assisted phytoremediation addressed the inoculation of plant growth-promoting microorganisms to improve phytoremediation efficiency. Similarly, plant-assisted bioremediation examined the stimulatory effect of plant growth on the microbial degradation of soil contaminants. The combination of plants and microorganisms is nowadays often recommended for mixed contaminated soils. Finally, phytomanagement emerged as a phytotechnology focused on the use of plants and associated microorganisms to decrease contaminant linkages, maximize ecosystem services, and provide economic revenues. Although biological remediation methods have been in use for decades, the truth is that they have not yet yielded the expected results. Here, we claim that much more research is needed to make the most of the many ways that microorganisms have evolutionary developed to access the contaminants and to better understand the soil microbial networks responsible, to a great extent, for soil functioning.This work was supported by the European Union through the Interreg SUDOE Program (Project Phy2SUDOE SOE4/P5/E1021)

Contextualization of the Bioeconomy Concept through Its Links with Related Concepts and the Challenges Facing Humanity

The concept of bioeconomy is a topic of debate, confusion, skepticism, and criticism. Paradoxically, this is not necessarily a negative thing as it is encouraging a fruitful exchange of information, ideas, knowledge, and values, with concomitant beneficial effects on the definition and evolution of the bioeconomy paradigm. At the core of the debate, three points of view coexist: (i) those who support a broad interpretation of the term bioeconomy, through the incorporation of all economic activities based on the production and conversion of renewable biological resources (and organic wastes) into products, including agriculture, livestock, fishing, forestry and similar economic activities that have accompanied humankind for millennia; (ii) those who embrace a much narrower interpretation, reserving the use of the term bioeconomy for new, innovative, and technologically-advanced economic initiatives that result in the generation of high-added-value products and services from the conversion of biological resources; and (iii) those who stand between these two viewpoints. Here, to shed light on this debate, a contextualization of the bioeconomy concept through its links with related concepts (biotechnology, bio-based economy, circular economy, green economy, ecological economics, environmental economics, etc.) and challenges facing humanity today is presented

LHko haurren ahozko eta idatzizko trebetasunak lantzen: hainbat ametsen istorioak proposamena

[EU] Ikaskuntza prozesua esanguratsuagoa da benetako materialak erabiltzen badira. Eskolaren zeregina ez da bakarrik kontzeptuak irakastea, horrez gainera, balore desberdinak transmititzeko agertoki aproposena da. Hori dela eta, proposamen honen helburua 3.zikloko ikasleek idatzizko eta ahozko trebetasunak lantzea da, baina genero desberdintasuna zeharkako gai moduan landuz. Emakume desberdinen biografiez osatutako liburuxka bat, non honekin batera jarduera desberdinen bitartez hizkuntza-trebetasunak lantzeaz gainera genero desberdintasunari buruz hausnartu dezakete ikasleek. Horretarako, emakume desberdinei haien lanpostuen inguruan elkarrizketa desberdinak egin zaizkie, haien bizitzak ezagutzeko, liburuxkako biografiak sortzeko. Horrela, emakumeen benetako istorioak erabili ahal izan dira liburuxka hau sortzeko, egun arazo izaten jarraitzen duen gai honen inguruan hausnartu ahal izateko.[ES] El proceso de aprendizaje es más significativo si se utilizan los materiales reales. La tarea de la escuela no es solo enseñar conceptos, también es el mejor lugar para transmitir diferentes valores. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta propuesta es que los estudiantes deltercer ciclo practiquen habilidades escritas y orales, pero aborden la desigualdad de género como un tema transversal. Un folleto compuesto por biografías de diferentes mujeres, en el que los estudiantes pueden reflexionar sobre la desigualdad de género además de practicar las habilidades lingüísticas. Con este fin, se ha entrevistado a diferentes mujeres sobre sus trabajos, para conocer sus vidas, para crear dichas biografías que forman este folleto. De esta manera, se han utilizado historias reales de mujeres para crear este folleto para reflexionar sobre este tema en curso.[EN] The learning process is more meaningful if the actual materials are used. The task of the school is not only to teach concepts, it is also the best place to transmit different values. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal is for students in the third cycle to practice written and oral skills, but to address gender inequality as a cross-cutting issue. A booklet composed of biographies of different women,in which students can reflect on gender inequality in addition to practicing language skills. To this end, different women have been interviewed about their work, to learn about their lives, to create booklet biographies. In this way, real stories of women have been used to create this booklet to reflect on this ongoing issue

A case for the importance of following antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout the soil food web

It is necessary to complement next-generation sequencing data on the soil resistome with theoretical knowledge provided by ecological studies regarding the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the abiotic and, especially, biotic fraction of the soil ecosystem. Particularly, when ARB enter agricultural soils as a consequence of the application of animal manure as fertilizer, from a microbial ecology perspective, it is important to know their fate along the soil food web, that is, throughout that complex network of feeding interactions among members of the soil biota that has crucial effects on species richness and ecosystem productivity and stability. It is critical to study how the ARB that enter the soil through the application of manure can reach other taxonomical groups (e.g., fungi, protists, nematodes, arthropods, earthworms), paying special attention to their presence in the gut microbiomes of mesofauna-macrofauna and to the possibilities for horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistant genes.This work was supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-116495RB-I00), Basque Government (IT1578-22), and Euskampus – JRL Environmental Antibiotic Resistance

Post-Activation Performance Enhancement as a Strategy to Improve Bench Press Performance to Volitional Failure

Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) has been commonly used as a strategy to improve acute force production, although its effects on performance to volitional failure are still unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of a PAPE protocol on bench press performance in a training set to volitional failure in trained individuals. Fourteen participants with at least two years of resistance training experience (age 24.57 ± 2.7 years; body mass 77.47 ± 12.2 kg; body height 174.21 ± 7.4 cm; medium grip bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM): 101.6 ± 25.8 kg), of which 14 completed the control protocol and 12 completed the experimental protocol, took part in the study. After a standardised warm-up, participants completed three sessions: 1) a 1RM test for the medium grip bench press, 2) a control condition consisting of a set of the bench press to volitional failure with 80% 1RM (CON), and 3) an experimental condition consisting of a set of the bench press to volitional failure with 80% 1RM after a PAPE protocol (PAPE). The PAPE protocol consisted of a heavy set of one repetition with their 93% 1RM as the conditioning activity. Under the PAPE condition, participants performed significantly more repetitions than under the CON condition (p = 0.008, ES = 0.5, small effect), their last repetition was slower (p = 0.02, ES = 0.52, small effect) and presented a higher velocity loss (p = 0.004, ES = 0.75, moderate effect). These results suggest that a traditional PAPE protocol improves the number of repetitions performed to volitional failure