Thermoregulatory effect of green spaces and wetlands in Paris

International audienceSeven "green and blue" areas of different kinds are selected in Paris in order to measure their "cooling effect" during summer heat-waves. Air temperature is measured at two meters height in three different locations of each site : one sensor is located in the middle of the green or blue area, one is located from 5 to 50 m away and the last one is located from 50 to 150 m away from the green or blue area. The intra and intersites temperature differences are qualitatively analysed all along the day regarding to the morphology and the land-use of the sensor environment. Results show that the smaller is the park, the lower will be its cooling effect. The canal does not refresh well the air during night-time whereas its does refresh during day-time. Large areas mainly composed of low vegetation and a judicious distribution of trees seem to have the best potential to decrease the air temperature inside and outside the green area during day-time as well as during night-time. Quantitative analysis as well as denser measurement network should be implemented in order to confirm those preliminary conclusions

International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-ITS reference DNA barcoding database - the quality controlled standard tool for routine identification of human and animal pathogenic fungi

Human and animal fungal pathogens are a growing threat worldwide leading to emerging infections and creating new risks for established ones. There is a growing need for a rapid and accurate identification of pathogens to enable early diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy. Morphological and biochemical identification methods are time-consuming and require trained experts. Alternatively, molecular methods, such as DNA barcoding, a powerful and easy tool for rapid monophasic identification, offer a practical approach for species identification and less demanding in terms of taxonomical expertise. However, its wide-spread use is still limited by a lack of quality-controlled reference databases and the evolving recognition and definition of new fungal species/complexes. An international consortium of medical mycology laboratories was formed aiming to establish a quality controlled ITS database under the umbrella of the ISHAM working group on "DNA barcoding of human and animal pathogenic fungi." A new database, containing 2800 ITS sequences representing 421 fungal species, providing the medical community with a freely accessible tool at http://www.isham.org and http://its.mycologylab.org/ to rapidly and reliably identify most agents of mycoses, was established. The generated sequences included in the new database were used to evaluate the variation and overall utility of the ITS region for the identification of pathogenic fungi at intra-and interspecies level. The average intraspecies variation ranged from 0 to 2.25%. This highlighted selected pathogenic fungal species, such as the dermatophytes and emerging yeast, for which additional molecular methods/genetic markers are required for their reliable identification from clinical and veterinary specimens.This study was supported by an National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NH&MRC) grant [#APP1031952] to W Meyer, S Chen, V Robert, and D Ellis; CNPq [350338/2000-0] and FAPERJ [E-26/103.157/2011] grants to RM Zancope-Oliveira; CNPq [308011/2010-4] and FAPESP [2007/08575-1] Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP) grants to AL Colombo; PEst-OE/BIA/UI4050/2014 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) to C Pais; the Belgian Science Policy Office (Belspo) to BCCM/IHEM; the MEXBOL program of CONACyT-Mexico, [ref. number: 1228961 to ML Taylor and [122481] to C Toriello; the Institut Pasteur and Institut de Veil le Sanitaire to F Dromer and D Garcia-Hermoso; and the grants from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Goias (FAPEG) to CM de Almeida Soares and JA Parente Rocha. I Arthur would like to thank G Cherian, A Higgins and the staff of the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Path West, QEII Medial Centre. Dromer would like to thank for the technical help of the sequencing facility and specifically that of I, Diancourt, A-S Delannoy-Vieillard, J-M Thiberge (Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Institut Pasteur). RM Zancope-Oliveira would like to thank the Genomic/DNA Sequencing Platform at Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-PDTIS/FIOCRUZ [RPT01A], Brazil for the sequencing. B Robbertse and CL Schoch acknowledge support from the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. T Sorrell's work is funded by the NH&MRC of Australia; she is a Sydney Medical School Foundation Fellow.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nederland in Frankrijk, de Zuidgrens der Nederlanden.

LEIDSSTELSELOPLADEN-RUG0

DIFFICULTES ALIMENTAIRES CHEZ LE SUJET AGE EN UNITE DE SOINS DE LONGUE DUREE (D'APRES UNE REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE ET UNE ETUDE PERSONNELLE SUR L'UNITE DE SOINS DE LONGUE DUREE DU CHU DE NANCY)

NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

An in-situ experiment in Paris to monitor street trees physiological response and climatic benefits during heatwaves and drought spells

International audienc

Adaptation d’un quartier urbain : outils disponibles et modélisation des consommations énergétiques et hydriques

Club ViTTe

Thermoregulatory effect of green spaces and wetlands in Paris

International audienceSeven "green and blue" areas of different kinds are selected in Paris in order to measure their "cooling effect" during summer heat-waves. Air temperature is measured at two meters height in three different locations of each site : one sensor is located in the middle of the green or blue area, one is located from 5 to 50 m away and the last one is located from 50 to 150 m away from the green or blue area. The intra and intersites temperature differences are qualitatively analysed all along the day regarding to the morphology and the land-use of the sensor environment. Results show that the smaller is the park, the lower will be its cooling effect. The canal does not refresh well the air during night-time whereas its does refresh during day-time. Large areas mainly composed of low vegetation and a judicious distribution of trees seem to have the best potential to decrease the air temperature inside and outside the green area during day-time as well as during night-time. Quantitative analysis as well as denser measurement network should be implemented in order to confirm those preliminary conclusions

Integration of adaptation to climate change within the design process of urban planning projects: new tool(s) and new methodology(ies)

International audienc

The Pneumocystis life cycle

First recognised as "schizonts" of Trypanosoma cruzi , Pneumocystis organisms are now considered as part of an early-diverging lineage of Ascomycetes. As no robust long-term culture model is available, most data on the Pneumocystis cell cycle have stemmed from ultrastructural images of infected mammalian lungs. Although most fungi developing in animals do not complete a sexual cycle in vivo, Pneumocystis species constitute one of a few exceptions. Recently, the molecular identification of several key players in the fungal mating pathway has provided further evidence for the existence of conjugation and meiosis in Pneumocystis organisms. Dynamic follow-up of stage-to-stage transition as well as studies of stage-specific proteins and/or genes would provide a better understanding of the still hypothetical Pneumocystis life cycle. Although difficult to achieve, stage purification seems a reasonable way forward in the absence of efficient culture systems. This mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical milestones leading to the current knowledge available on the Pneumocystis life cycle