Reactions and yield performance of three potato cultivars naturally infected with bacterial blackleg disease under irrigation practice

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) has become an attractive winter crop in many arid irrigated areas where they are grown on relatively large commercial farms. Two field trials were conducted to assess Irish potato cultivars for their tolerance/reactions to natural infection of bacterial blackleg disease under irrigation practice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.  The incidence of blackleg disease in both first and second trials ranged from 1.70 to 100% with the highest (100%) recorded in Mirabel, which was highly significant (p≤0.05), 1.70% - 5.00% disease incidence recorded for Yellow and 15.00% and 16.70% in Christian Lady in both first trial and second trials respectively. Yellow cultivar had 89.60% and 94.50% emergence and these were significantly higher than 8.30% and 21.10% observed in Mirabel in both trials.  The highest yield (2.06t/ha) was observed in Yellow cultivar followed by 1.86t/ha recorded for Christian Lady in second trial.  Yellow cultivar was tolerant to bacterial blackleg, followed by Christian Lady, while Mirabel was susceptible.  Yellow and Christian Lady cultivars proved to be promising cultivars in drought condition or low rainfall areas. Notwithstanding, Yellow cultivar was the most preferable for disease tolerant in drought conditions

Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Environmental Condition on a Farmland

In recent time, the wireless sensor network technology has found its implementation in precision agriculture as a result of the need for high productivity. This paper focuses on the development of a wireless sensor network on agricultural environment to monitor environmental conditions and deduce the appropriate environmental parameters required for the high yield of crop production on a given farmland. The developed wireless sensor network is built around sensor nodes and a master microcontroller (PI16F648A) that takes in the data sent from the nodes for upload into a personal computer (PC). Each node has sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and light intensity which are important environmental factors in an agricultural set-up. The DHT11 sensor is used to sense and provide calibrated digital outputs for the measured temperature and relative humidity while a calibrated light dependent resistor (LDR) is configured to the light intensity sensor unit. The outputs from these sensors are processed by the microcontroller and sent wirelessly, using low-power radio frequency transceivers, to a remote master controller for storage. The deployment of the developed wireless sensor network on a named farmland shows that the aforementioned could be efficiently utilized to provide an up-to-date and accurate measurement of agriculture data, which include light-intensity, relative-humidity and temperature. Thus, the developed framework replaces the traditional method of predicting environmental parameters required on a given farmland

Revisiting the role of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto protocol in the fight against emissions from international civil aviation

The issue of Climate Change emanating from increasing climate emissions and the need for reduction of aviation emission are part of the prominent sustainable environmental rights issues facing the world. The United Nations Conference of Parties (COP24) in Poland in 2018 held under the auspices of UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol declared that Climate Change is at the crossroad and ended with a general global consensus of limiting emission below 2o Celcius by the year 2020. However, a lot of issues have been raised on why the global increase in discharge of aviation emission has continued despite the activities of UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol at reducing global atmospheric emissions that cause climate change and other environmental degradations like flood, hurricane, draught and diseases. This paper assesses the contributions of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol to global reduction of aviation emission with a view to providing distinct information that will further assist policy makers on a lasting solution tothe problem of aviation emission. Using doctrinal research method, the paper concludes that even though both the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol laid the foundation for International law on reduction of aviation emission, they have not made a satisfactory contribution to reduction of aviation emission. Keywords: Assessment, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Global Climate Emissions, Civil Aviation, Aviation Emissio

A Model for Assessment of Transient Stability of Electrical Power System

The stability of a system is its ability to return to normal or stable operation after having been subjected to some forms of disturbances. A disturbance in a power system is a sudden change or sequence of changes in one or more of the physical quantities. In this paper, the transient reactance of a synchronous machine, mechanical input power, kinetic energy of a rotating body, moment of inertia, angular acceleration, angular displacement and the rotor displacement angles were used as input parameters for the development of the Transient Stability model..The model is validated with a single machine system, a 2-machine system and a multi-machine system.  The results of the work showed that the single machine system supplying an infinite bus-bar fluctuates while the 2-machine system remains unstable throughout the period. Generator 3 of the multi-machine system experienced the most violent swing, pulled out of synchronism during the first swing thus making the system to be unstable. The Transient Stability Model developed can be used for effective planning and operation of power systems.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i4.585

Assessment, Aviation Emission, International Law, Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations 2015.

Coping with the problem of expansion in aviation transportation with corresponding increase in volume of aviation emission and consequential environmental pollution has become a global issue. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the global body saddled with the responsibility of ensuring reduction in aviation emission created the International Standards Regulations known as Standards And Recommended Practices (ICAO SARPs) for the purpose of regulating aviation emission and achieving clean and sustainable environment. Accordingly all member states of ICAO are expected to adopt and implement the Standards Regulations in their respective states. The newly revised Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations 2015 is meant to ensure adequate reduction in aviation emission in Nigeria through effective adoption and implementation of ICAO’s International Standards Regulations on reduction of aviation emission. This paper assesses implementation of international law on reduction of aviation emission in the newly revised Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations 2015. It adopts doctrinal research method, relying on library based materials from primary and secondary sources. The paper observes that although the adoption of International Standards and Regulations on reduction of aviation emission has commenced in the Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations 2015, the process of actual implementation is yet to take good shape and become effective in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper recommends timely and effective implementation of International Standards and Regulations on reduction of aviation emission in the current Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations.Keywords: Assessment, Aviation Emission, International Law, Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations 2015

Correlation between Continuous Assessment (CA) and Students’ Performance in Physics

This is a descriptive survey study. Ninety-two physics students from Kwara State College of Education Lafiagi, participated in the study. Physics results in electromagnetism of these students were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to find out correlation between continuous assessment and students’ performance in physics. Results indicated that there was a strong correlation between continuous assessment and students’ scores in examination and also in student final grade in electromagnetism. It was concluded that continuous assessment influenced students’ performance in physics. It was recommended that compilation of students’ final grade in physics should not be based on only examination scores but should be addition of examination scores and the scores of students’ in continuous assessment. Keywords: Correlation, continuous assessment, electromagnetism, summative and formative assessment

MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN THE TOP SOIL OF UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, (UNAAB) FARMS

The natural radioactivity levels in the soils of University of Agriculture Abeokuta farms were measured.        20 soil samples were collected to a depth of about 10cm in twelve different farmlands within UNAAB        community.    The   average  activity  concentrations  obtained  for  the  three  radionuclides  were        520.13±32.06 Bq/kg for 40K, 33.66±23.27 Bq/kg for238U and 49.83±15.61 Bq/kg for232Th, respectively.        The distributions of these radionuclides were found to be uneven. The value of Uranium-238 was the        same at locations 4 and 16 but not detectable at locations 9 and 11, respectively. The average values        of the absorbed dose rates in air of each radionuclides were found to be 21.84 nGy/hr for 40K, 14.99        nGy/hr   for  238U   and   33.19   nGy/hr   for  232Th.   The   baseline   average   outdoor   annual   effective   dose        equivalent in UNAAB farms due to the radioactivity concentrations was found to be 86.92±28.37mSv/        yr. This value can be taken as representing the baseline values of natural radioactivity as no artificial        radionuclide was detected at any of the locations visited.&nbsp

Quality assessment of Sandcrete blocks in Ibadan – A review

Sandcrete blocks have been widely used for modern building construction in Nigeria; however cases of incessant building collapse are rampant. The usage of substandard sandcrete blocks is a contributing factor. This research was carried out to assess the engineering properties of sandcrete blocks produced in Ibadan and its environs. Two blocks each of size 450 x 225 x 225mm were purchased from selected block industries at eight sampled locations within the study area. Few units of blocks (450 x 225 x 225mm) conforming to the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS 87: 2007) were also produced to serve as control samples. The 28th day dry compressive strength test result obtained for the sampled blocks ranges between 0.39-2.34 N/mm2. For the control block samples, the average 28th day dry compressive strength of the three tested blocks was 3.02 N/mm2. Conclusively, it was observed that the sandcrete blocks produced in major parts of Ibadan were of low quality and substandard; while the control samples were of adequate strength

SOLVABILITY OF A NORMAL SUBGROUP IN RELATION TO ITS CHARACTER DEGREES

In this work, how the structure of a normal subgroup of a group G is influenced by the degrees of an appropriate subset of irreducible character of a group G was verified. The characters that were used in controlling the structure of N Δ G are exactly those whose kernels do not contain N.Given that N Δ G,Irr (G/N) =  {Є Irr (G)/N  ker }andcd (G/N) = { (1) /   Irr (G/N)}Â