Thymoma with Myasthenia Gravis in Adolescent

Thymomas are exceedingly rare in the first 20 years of life, Thymic lesions comprise approximately 2–3% of all pediatric mediastinal tumors and include thymic cysts, hyperplasia, carcinoma, and thymomas. Fewer than 30 cases in children have been described in the literature. Thymomas in adults are commonly associated with other diseases, the most frequent being myasthenia gravis. However, this association has been rarely reported in childhood. These tumors are typically aggressive, with poor outcomes. We report a case of thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in a 16-year-old girl and review the literature

The fundamental study of the principle Rogan Rutujan Na Jatu in the treatment of Pittaj Shirahshul (headache) w.s.r. to Virechanopakrama

To prevent the recurrence of seasonal disorders Rutuvat Shodhanopakrama (Seasonal detoxification) is the ideal pathway. So in Varsharutu (Rainy season), Bastikarma (Enema therapy); Sharadrutu (Autumn season), Virechankarma (Purgation therapy) and in Vasantrutu (Spring sea- son), Vaman karma (Emesis therapy) is best for Shodhan (detoxification) of vitiated Vatadosha, Pittadosha and Kapha dosha respectively to avoid occurrence of seasonal disorders. Study is conducted only on Virechana karma (Purgation therapy) in Sharad Rutu (Autumn season) on sample size of 30 patients suffering from Pittaj Shirahshul (Headache). The chief symptoms of the disease are Shirodaha (Burning sensation in head), Shirovedana (Headache), Chakshudaha (Burning sensation in eyes), Trushna (Thirst), Bhrama (Giddiness) and Swedpravrutti (Sweating). Sharadkalin Trivrutadi Virechana yoga (purgative formulation used in Autumn) is most efficacious which acts as Pittaghna (reduces Pitta) and Rechana (purgative) which could be the beneficial line of treatment for Pittaj Shirahshul (Headache). Hence Virechana karma (Purgation ther- apy) should be carried out furthermore in every Sharad rutu (autumn season) to reduce the risk of relapse and to prevent rutujanya pittaj shirahshul (headache due to vitiated Pitta)

Neonatal tooth with bilateral cleft lip and palate: A case report with review of literature

Natal and neonatal teeth are present in the oral cavity at birth and during the first 30 days of life, respectively. Management of such teeth is a treatment challenge. The incidence of such natal and neonatal teeth is reported to be 1 in every 1125-30,000 births, respectively. Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common dentofacial congenital anomaly of the oral cavity and may be present unilaterally or bilaterally. The occurrence of association of such teeth with unilateral and bilateral CLP cases is reported to be 2% and 10%, respectively. The presence of natal/neonatal teeth in the cleft area complicates the child’s health only in few cases. There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding the simultaneous occurrence of neonatal teeth in bilateral CLP cases. The present paper reported the management of a neonatal tooth present in association with complete bilateral CLP in a 12-day-old male child with review of literature

Securing Healthcare: A Fusion of AI and Blockchain for Medical Data Protection

Today's digital environment places a high value on data, which includes intellectual property, private consumer information, and long-term corporate strategies. It is crucial to protect this priceless asset from the suspicious eyes of hackers. A complete strategy must be used to address the six major areas of governance, discovery, protection, compliance, detection, and reaction in order to accomplish comprehensive data security. The foundation for data security is laid by governance first and foremost, which calls for the creation of strong policies, data classification processes, an exhaustive list of all available data assets, and a sturdy infrastructure. The next crucial step in guaranteeing data safety is to identify the data's sources, whether they be databases, files, or network systems. Encryption, diligent key management, strict access control measures, and trustworthy data backup procedures must all be put into place in order to protect data efficiently from unauthorized access or breaches. A crucial aspect of compliance is the creation of accurate reports and the preservation of crucial documents. However, the modern cyberspace is a complicated maze of dispersed data, controlled by unrelated organizations lacking in mutual trust. It is difficult to enable safe data sharing and authentication over the internet due to this complex environment, especially when working with massive amounts of data and artificial intelligence systems. The combination of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a strong solution to this problem. The effectiveness of using AI and blockchain to strengthen the security of medical data is examined in this article. We want to give end users a secure environment by utilizing these cutting-edge technologies, protecting the integrity and security of private medical data in a society that is becoming more linked

Screening of recombinant inbred lines for resistance to bacterial leaf blight pathotypes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

In the present investigation 16 recombinant inbred lines (RIL’s) developed from the intra-specific cross between YH3 and AKDRMS 21-54 through Marker Assisted Pedigree Breeding Method were screened along with their parents and the checks, namely, BPT 5204, TN1 and Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) against IxoPt-20 pathotype at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad during Rabi 2021-22 and a new pathotype of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing Bacterial Leaf Blight disease in rice at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru during Kharif 2022 to identify pathotype specific resistant sources.  Morpho-Molecular screening was adopted to evaluate the recombinant inbred lines over two locations in the consecutive seasons of Rabi 2021-22 and Kharif 2022. Based on per cent diseased leaf area, the genotypes were scored and categorised as per the Standard Evaluation System (SES) scale provided by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The results revealed all 16 RIL’s to be either resistant (10) or moderately resistant (6) to IxoPt-20 pathotype. However, only five RIL’s were found to be resistant, while four RIL’s were moderately resistant for the new virulent pathotype. Seven RIL’s with resistant to moderately resistant reaction for IxoPt-20 pathotype, showed moderately susceptible reaction for the new virulent pathotype.  Among the resistant RIL’s identified for each pathotype, BPT-1901-72-10-6, BPT-1901-108-4-1 and BPT-1901-111-3-2 were found to be uniformly resistant, while, BPT-1901-45-8-6 and BPT-1901-163-1-18 were uniformly moderately resistant to both IXoPt-20 and the new virulent pathotype at Hyderabad and Maruteru, respectively, indicating their potential as genetic stocks for development of new cultivars resistant to bacterial leaf blight disease

Letter to the Editor

Background Disaster, whether man made or natural, may occur at any place or time. This study was conducted to assess the preparedness of hospitals in handling emergencies as per District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) at Mangalore, a coastal city on the Western coast of Karnataka. Method A cross sectional study was conducted in 12 hospitals of Mangalore city, located at the Southwestern coast of India in April 2009, using a semi-structured proforma. All surveyed hospitals were included in the DDMP. The respondents were hospital administrators. Results Though all the hospitals surveyed were aware about the existence of DDMP in the district of Dakshina Kannada, 6 (50%) were unaware that their hospitals were included in the same plan. Out of 12 hospitals, 4 (33.3%) said that they had got a letter from DDMP, spelling out their responsibilities. Only 6 (50%) hospitals had a contingency plan for emergency. Mock drill was conducted only by 6 (50%) hospitals. Six (50%) hospitals had blood bank, 5 (41.6%) had trauma center and 8 (66.6%) had burns ward available for emergency. Half of them had more than 2 ambulances and 10(83.3%) had sufficient stock of medicines. Extra beds for emergency were available in 11(91.7%) hospitals with maximum number of 42 beds in one hospital. Conclusion; Most hospitals in Mangalore were not well prepared to manage emergencies in disasters. Facilities like burns ward, blood bank and ambulance services need to be enhanced

Inhibition of Reactive Gliosis Attenuates Excitotoxicity-Mediated Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Reactive gliosis is a hallmark of many retinal neurodegenerative conditions, including glaucoma. Although a majority of studies to date have concentrated on reactive gliosis in the optic nerve head, very few studies have been initiated to investigate the role of reactive gliosis in the retina. We have previously shown that reactive glial cells synthesize elevated levels of proteases, and these proteases, in turn, promote the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In this investigation, we have used two glial toxins to inhibit reactive gliosis and have evaluated their effect on protease-mediated death of RGCs. Kainic acid was injected into the vitreous humor of C57BL/6 mice to induce reactive gliosis and death of RGCs. C57BL/6 mice were also treated with glial toxins, alpha-aminoadipic acid (AAA) or Neurostatin, along with KA. Reactive gliosis was assessed by immunostaining of retinal cross sections and retinal flat-mounts with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin antibodies. Apoptotic cell death was assessed by TUNEL assays. Loss of RGCs was determined by immunostaining of flat-mounted retinas with Brn3a antibodies. Proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) were assessed by zymography assays. GFAP-immunoreactivity indicated that KA induced reactive gliosis in both retinal astrocytes and in Muller cells. AAA alone or in combination with KA decreased GFAP and vimentin-immunoreactivity in Mϋller cells, but not in astrocytes. In addition AAA failed to decrease KA-mediated protease levels and apoptotic death of RGCs. In contrast, Neurostatin either alone or in combination with KA, decreased reactive gliosis in both astrocytes and Mϋller cells. Furthermore, Neurostatin decreased protease levels and prevented apoptotic death of RGCs. Our findings, for the first time, indicate that inhibition of reactive gliosis decreases protease levels in the retina, prevents apoptotic death of retinal neurons, and provides substantial neuroprotection

Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Author Correction: Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

10.1038/s41467-023-36188-7NATURE COMMUNICATIONS14