The combined heat transfer of radiation and mixed convection analysis in a lid-driven trapezoidal cavity

In this paper, the effect of radiation heat transfer on mixed convection in a lid-driven trapezoidal cavity is studied numerically. The governing equations of mixed convection are solved based on the SIMPLE algorithm and the solution of the radiative transfer equation inside the participating medium is carried out using the discrete ordinates method, simultaneously.To study the heat transfer and flow characteristics, sensitivity analysis is carried out based on the two parameters including the optical thickness and radiation-conduction parameter. Several interesting results are obtained such as sweep behavior on the isotherms, streamlines and convective Nusselt number with optical thicknesses

Modeling of the Conjugate Radiation and Conduction Problem in a 3D

Radiation is a major component of heat transfer in the modeling of furnaces. In thi

Evaluation of halitosis using Halitosis Associated Life Quality Test questionnaire and the Etiquette checker device

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Halitosis is an unpleasant disorder and a common phenomenon in people. The study aim was evaluation of halitosis using Halitosis Associated Life Quality Test questionnaires (HALT) and the Etiquette checker device. METHODS: The questionnaires were given to 345 individuals who referred to the Kerman Dental School and dental clinics, Kerman, Iran. At the same time, their halitosis was evaluated by Etiquette checker device. T-test analysis, chi-squared, one way analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact test and SPSS were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of halitosis was 54%. The analysis of the collected data showed that halitosis in women was more than men (P = 0.86), this disorder was more in individuals older than 35 in comparison with younger people (P = 0.01). This study showed that a significant relationship existed between the HALT score and the Etiquette score. CONCLUSION: There was a significant relation between self-estimated halitosis and higher Etiquette score, therefore HALT questionnaire can be a valid device for evaluating the life quality especially for halitosis. KEYWORDS: Halitosis; Questionnaire; Life; Qualit

Knowledge and attitude of post-graduate dentistry students regarding HIV-positive patients

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause a hazardous disease and has severe fatal consequences. The problem of dental treatment in affected patients has still remained a big debate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of post-graduate dentistry students regarding treatment and education of HIV-positive patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on the post-graduate students of dentistry in Iran. Samples were collected using consensus method. A valid questionnaire comprising three parts was designed according to previous studies. The questionnaire comprised of a demographic part, general questions and questions regarding knowledge and attitude of the subjects. Answers were collected and Student’s t-test and Fischer’s exact test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 380 subjects took part in this study (164 male, 216 female). There were 92 HIV-positive patients. The average score of knowledge was 14.5 ± 2.8 (range = 0-24). The average score of knowledge in male and female participants was 14.5 ± 2.8 and 14.6 ± 2.7 respectively (range = 0-65). There was no significant relationship between knowledge and gender (P = 0.70). The average score of attitude was 44.8 ± 5.25 and male residents had a positive attitude in comparison to female residents. Male participants had a significantly more negative attitude toward high risk and HIV-positive patients compared to female residents (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that post-graduate students had a positive attitude toward treatment of HIV-positive patients. Also, this study showed that post-graduate students had a good knowledge about the HIVpositive patients. This study shows that post-graduate students of dentistry were eager to learn more about the treatment of HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study also add new concepts to the oral hygiene maintenance of HIV-positive patients and decision making for them. KEYWORDS: Knowledge; Attitude; Dentistry; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV

Patients Attitudes' Toward Chairside Medical Screening in a Dental Setting

Objective: To assess patient’s attitudes toward chairside medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, subjects referring to the dental school, dental offices, and clinics of Kerman were evaluated. Each subject filled a questionnaire containing demographic data, patient's attitude towards the performance of examination and the medical status of the subjects. The questionnaire consisted of seven main questions and the subjects were asked to rate them from very important (score 5) to not important at all (score 1). Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests and t-test were used. Friedman's nonparametric analysis of variance was used to compare response items within each question. Results: Screening for medical conditions by dentists was important for most of the participants, and it was important for them to be monitored for their medical condition by the dentists. The majority of patients had the will to be screened for each medical condition by the dentists. Male subjects stated skillfulness and professionality (88.4%) as the most important characteristics of the dentist and compassion as the least important one (56.2%). Female subjects stated knowledge of the dentists (96.3%) as the most essential characteristic and compassion as the least important one (85.8%). The will to undertake screening tests was higher in elder subjects. Conclusion: Dental patients have a positive attitude for medical conditions screening. Screening for medical conditions in a dental setting is a new approach, which might be an important contributor to disease control in the general population

Impacts of Toothache on Daily Activities of Children Aged 5 to 9 Years in Kerman, Iran

Objective: To investigate the impacts of toothache on the daily activities of children aged 5 to 9 years. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 465 children (220 boys and 245 girls) aged between 5-9 years, using the Child Dental Pain Questionnaire (Child-DPQ), in the city of Kerman. They were categorized into two groups based on the clinical status: (1) untreated dental caries and (2) no dental caries or treated dental caries. For data analysis, the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, multiple logistic regressions, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and t-test were used. Results: Regarding the severity of pain, about 28.3% reported mild pain, 30.1% moderate pain, and 21.9% very severe pain. The prevalence of reported dental pain increased by increasing the number of reported dental visits and more strongly among those having dmft>1. Toothache in children caused to stop eating (73.3%) and to sleep (63.8.1%) and provoked a dental visit in more than 40%. Conclusion: The toothache stopped many children eating and sleeping and provoked a dental visit in more than 40%. Among the children under study, 55.9% had to miss school

Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Oral Mucosal Conditions: A Qualitative Research

Objective: To use qualitative research methods to evaluate the experiences of patients with chronic oral diseases. Material and Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit patients from the Oral Medicine Unit of Kerman University Dental School. An experienced independent facilitator convened the focus groups and conducted individual interviews in a non-clinical setting. Focus groups were mixed regarding their gender, age, chronic oral mucosal condition, time since diagnosis, and severity. A total of 39 patients participated in the study, including patients with oral lichen planus, pemphigus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and leukoplakia. Results: Analysis of the interviews revealed that patient views could be divided into the following themes: biopsychosocial issues, treatment limitations and side effects, unpredictability of the conditions and the potential for malignant transformation. Chronic oral mucosal conditions affected patients' daily lives in various areas, from physical health and functioning to concerns about their future. Conclusion: The oral medicine practitioner's role in treating patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases extended beyond active management and symptomatic relief to the management of all aspects of these conditions that affected their daily lives

Depression and anxiety disorders in a sample of facial trauma: a study from Iran

Background: Various studies have shown that such patients are susceptible to psychological problems and poor quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders and quality of life in a group of facial trauma. Material and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Oral Health Impact (OHIP-14) questionnaires were used. In this study, fifty subjects were selected from the patients with maxillofacial traumas based on the judgment of the physicians, referring to hospitals in Kerman and Rafsanjan during 2012-2013. In addition, 50 patients referring to the Dental School for tooth extraction, with no maxillofacial traumas, were included. SPSS 13.5 was used for statistical analysis with two-sample t-test, MantelHaenszel technique, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and chi-squared test. Results: Seven patients with maxillofacial traumas were depressed based on HADS depression scale, with 5 other borderline cases. However, patients referring for surgery or tooth extraction only 2 were depressed and 1 patient was a borderline case. The results showed that patients with maxillofacial traumas had higher rates of depression and anxiety, with significant differences between this group and the other group (P=0.01). The results of the present study showed a significant prelateship between depression severity and confounding factors. The mean of OHIP-14 parameters were 35.51 ±5.2 and 22.3±2.4 in facial trauma and dental surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.01). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed depression and anxiety disorders in patients with maxillofacial trauma. The results showed a higher rate of anxiety and anxiety in patients with maxillofacial traumas compared to the control group

Comparing pain and pain-related behavior in children with invented telescopic dental needles

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pain control is an important part of pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain and behavioral reaction who receive an injection with conventional and telescopic dental needles. METHODS: A total of 50 healthy children aged 4-8 years were included to this study to get a dental injection with the telescopic or the conventional dental needles. Two observers scored videos of children at the time of injection procedures based on sound, eye, motor (SEM) scale and distress reaction to evaluate the observed pain-related behavior. Children completed a face version of visual analog scale (VAS) after injection. Reliability of observer’s opinion evaluated and was established at 96%. Independent t-test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.0500. RESULTS: This study was conducted among 23 girls and 27 boys with mean age 5.3 ± 1.4. The pain scores according to VAS for the telescopic, and the conventional dental needles were 40.20 ± 10.50 and 56.40 ± 14.63, respectively, which was statistically significant between the two groups (P = 0.0001). The difference of SEM values for the telescopic and the conventional groups were statistically significant in totals as well as individual parameters (P = 0.0001). According to mean distress scores, patients showed less muscle tension, less verbal protest and less movement when receiving the telescopic needles (P < 0.0500). CONCLUSION: Telescopic dental needles with the ability of using topical anesthesia before needle insertion and covering needle sight out of patient’s eyes may be a good intervention to reduce pain and anxiety of children during dental injection. KEYWORDS: Pain; Anxiety; Injection; Dentistr