STATEFUL CENTRALIZED UNIT REDUNDANCY WITHOUT IMPACTING DISTRIBUTED UNIT OR RADIO OPERATIONS IN VRAN ARCHITECTURES

Failure scenarios in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) environment raise a number of challenges. For example, enterprise customers with their mission-critical and factory automation use-cases are demanding redundancy at every possible element in a vRAN since every millisecond of delay caused by, for example, a Centralized Unit (CU) failure may result in a factory floor coming to a standstill. To address these types of challenges, techniques are presented herein that support CU redundancy in a vRAN architecture (through, among other things, the addition of a standby CU) without negatively impacting radio operations or user equipment (UE) connections or triggering a signaling storm. Among other things, a standby CU may come up either as a Centralized Unit Control Plane (CU-CP) or a Centralized Unit User Plane (CU-UP) depending upon the specific element which failed

Management of dyslipidemia in children

Dyslipidemia is an important etiologic factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of death worldwide As CVD begins in childhood, and as dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for CVD, screening and treatment of dyslipidemia in adolescents and children becomes an important health matter. This review deals with issues related to screening, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents

Historical fog climate dataset for Carpathian Basin from 1886 to 1919

This paper presents the historical fog climate dataset from 1886 to 1919 for Hungary and its neighbouring countries in the Carpathian Basin. The dataset was obtained from the yearbooks of the Royal Hungarian Central Institute of Meteorology and Earth Magnetism (RHCIMEM) established in 1870 to investigate the climatic features of Hungary during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Monthly observations were recorded from 1871 and daily observations were recorded from 1886. The yearbooks contain daily meteorological records of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, pressure, wind speed and direction, cloudiness and surface weather conditions along with monthly summaries for 24 meteorological stations. The daily weather observations were recorded three times a day, namely at 07:00, 14:00 and 21:00 local time. Station information (location, environment, instrumentation, observations etc.) can also be found in the yearbooks as metadata. For example, the definition of fog in the case of historical observations is the same as that of today, i.e., fog is detected if the maximum horizontal visibility is less than 1 km. In this way fog observations are easily comparable to today's observations without requiring further data correction and homogenisation. The longest 13 continuously recorded fog observation datasets have the length between 15 and 34 years. The stations are located in 5 countries of the Carpathian Basin at present. These datastests are suitable for conducting historical climatic investigations and can also serve as reference datasets. The historical dataset can be used to study the annual and seasonal changes in frequency and duration of fog events in the Carpathian Basin as a reference, thus facilitating research in the field of fog climatology and forecast

A SURVEY OF ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY USING CHARACTER CONVERSION METHOD

ABSTRACT In the recent years, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) has gained widespread exposure and acceptance and has already been include in many security standards. It is widely recognized that data security will play a central role in the design of future IT system. Elliptic key cryptography recently gained lot of attention in industries when we talk about security. This paper discusses the basic operation how ECC is more secure than other public key cryptosystems and also how security can be enhanced in ECC by using CharacterConversion-Method

A SURVEY OF ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY USING CHARACTER CONVERSION METHOD

ABSTRACT In the recent years, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) has gained widespread exposure and acceptance and has already been include in many security standards. It is widely recognized that data security will play a central role in the design of future IT system. Elliptic key cryptography recently gained lot of attention in industries when we talk about security. This paper discusses the basic operation how ECC is more secure than other public key cryptosystems and also how security can be enhanced in ECC by using CharacterConversion-Method

SURFACE LAYER’S SOUND SPEED PROFILES: CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION FOR THE CNOSSOS-EU NOISE MODEL

Noise pollution and exposure are important environmental issues that need to be investigated and regulated. To do this,we need to know about micrometeorology to figure out how noise travels from the source to the receiver. Accordingly, the sound propagation part of the common noise assessment methods (CNOSSOS-EU) developed by the European Commission for different sources of noise needs detailed meteorological databases. Using data from the SYNOP stations maintained by the Hungarian Meteorological Service (HMS) and the ERA5 meteorological reanalysis database, the standard noise propagation conditions are determined. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the probability distribution of stability classes for a variety of source-receiver orientations, utilizing either 25 or 2 stability classes, and several different aggregation levels. Relative frequencies and year-to-year variability have been calculated for favourable noise propagation conditions where the sound speed profile grows with height (downward refraction condition) and unfavourable noise propagation conditions where the sound speed profile constant or decreases with height (so-called homogeneous conditions). Favourable noise propagation occurs in approximately one-third of cases during the daytime while in approximately two-third of cases during the evening and night-time where the noise exposure is increasing. Furthermore, using the SoundPLANnoise software, sound propagation model calculations were performed on a study area near Budapest, using different values of parameter pf describing the probability of occurrence of favourable conditions on sound propagation during different periods of the day. This area is crossed by Highway 4, which is a major road according to the 49/2002 EU Directive, as it has more than three million vehicles passing on the examined section every year. The results show considerable deviations in annual average A-weighted sound levels calculated using different versions of parameter pf. The largest difference between the A-weighted sound levels calculated with the highest and lowest generated annual pf values was 1.65 dB(A); 1.42 dB(A) and 0.75 dB(A) for day, evening and night periods, respectively.&nbsp

Pretreatment quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy on patient CT scan using indirect 3D dosimetry system

Purpose: Aim of this study is to clinically implement the COMPASS 3D dosimetry system for pretreatment quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT-RapidArc) treatment plans. Methods: For this study, 10 head and neck (H&N) and 10 pelvis VMAT plans dose response from Linac was measured using COMPASS system along with MatriXXEvolution and 3D dose was reconstructed in the patient computed tomography (CT) scan. Dose volume histograms and 3D gamma were used to evaluate the difference between the measured and calculated values. In order to validate the COMPASS system, dose response for open fields were acquired for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms. Results: The average dose difference between Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) calculated and COMPASS measured (homogenous medium) in normalization region, inner region, penumbra region and buildup region was less than ±2%. In inhomogeneous phantom, there was a maximum difference of -3.17% in lung, whereas the difference other densities was within ±2%. The systematic increase in the average 3D gamma between the TPS calculated and COMPASS measured for VMAT plans with known dose errors and multi-leaf collimator (MLC) offset errors shows that COMPASS system was sensitive enough to find clinical significant errors. The 3D dose parameters (D95, D1, and average dose) of all H&N and pelvis patients were well within the clinically acceptable tolerance level of ±5%. The average 3D gammas for planning target volumes (PTV) and organ at risks (OAR) of the patients were less than 0.6. Conclusion: The results from this study show that COMPASS along with MatriXXEvolution can be effectively used for pretreatment verification of VMAT plans in the patient anatomy