Effects of Higher-Order Cognitive Strategy Training on Gist-Reasoning and Fact-Learning in Adolescents

Improving the reasoning skills of adolescents across the United States has become a major concern for educators and scientists who are dedicated to identifying evidence-based protocols to improve student outcome. This small sample randomized, control pilot study sought to determine the efficacy of higher-order cognitive training on gist-reasoning and fact-learning in an inner-city public middle school. The study compared gist-reasoning and fact-learning performances after training in a smaller sample when tested in Spanish, many of the students’ native language, versus English. The 54 eighth grade students who participated in this pilot study were enroled in an urban middle school, predominantly from lower socio-economic status families, and were primarily of minority descent. The students were randomized into one of three groups, one that learned cognitive strategies promoting abstraction of meaning, a group that learned rote memory strategies, or a control group to ascertain the impact of each program on gist-reasoning and fact-learning from text-based information. We found that the students who had cognitive strategy instruction that entailed abstraction of meaning significantly improved their gist-reasoning and fact-learning ability. The students who learned rote memory strategies significantly improved their fact-learning scores from a text but not gist-reasoning ability. The control group showed no significant change in either gist-reasoning or fact-learning ability. A trend toward significant improvement in overall reading scores for the group that learned to abstract meaning as well as a significant correlation between gist-reasoning ability and the critical thinking on a state-mandated standardized reading test was also found. There were no significant differences between English and Spanish performance of gist-reasoning and fact-learning. Our findings suggest that teaching higher-order cognitive strategies facilitates gist-reasoning ability and student learning

Directional field-dependence of magnetoimpedance effect on integrated YIG/Pt-stripline system

We investigated the magnetization dynamics through the magnetoimpedance effect in an integrated YIG/Pt-stripline system in the frequency range of 0.5 up to 2.0 GHz. Specifically, we explore the dependence of the dynamic magnetic behavior on the field orientation by analyzing beyond the traditional longitudinal magnetoimpedance effect of the transverse and perpendicular setups. We disclose here the strong dependence of the effective damping parameter on the field orientation, as well as verification of the very-low damping parameter values for the longitudinal and transverse configurations. We find considerable sensitivity results, bringing to light the facilities to integrate ferrimagnetic insulators in current and future technological applications.This research was funded by CNPq grand numbers 304943/2020-7 and 407385/2018-5, Capes grand number 88887.573100/2020-00 and FCT grant number CTTI-31/18-CF(2)

Experiencias educacionales conjuntas entre las cátedras de Cálculo Avanzado e Hidráulica General y Aplicada

En el presente trabajo se propone mostrar los resultados alcanzados al desarrollar una experiencia innovadora en la enseñanza de Métodos Numéricos en carreras de Ingeniería, denominada “Experiencia Educacional Conjunta”, en la que participaron las cátedras de “Calculo Avanzado” e “Hidráulica General y Aplicada”. La experiencia consistió en la aplicación de métodos numéricos para modelar el comportamiento del movimiento del agua en un medio permeable. Para su implementación los alumnos recibieron la explicación en forma conjunta de los docentes de las cátedras involucradas, ocasión en la que se suministró la información necesaria para interpretar la física del fenómeno. Se proporcionaron los datos del problema y la ecuación en derivadas parciales que representa el comportamiento hidráulico. En base a la información brindada y a los objetivos propuestos, se procedió a explicar el método de diferencias finitas para el tratamiento numérico de la ecuación de Laplace acompañando una grilla discreta y los valores en la frontera. Con los resultados obtenidos se determinaron parámetros hidráulicos de interés a fin de interpretar el problema planteado. Se analizó la calidad de los resultados obtenidos y el alcance de las técnicas numéricas en la problemática hidráulica. Finalmente, en función de una encuesta realizada, se pudo apreciar la impresión provocada en los alumnos con este tipo de experiencia educacional, y se elaboraron pautas de mejora en la metodología de la enseñanza para un mayor aprovechamiento de las temáticas abordadas por ambas cátedras.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV, no.14Facultad de Ingenierí

Experiencias educacionales conjuntas entre las cátedras de Cálculo Avanzado e Hidráulica General y Aplicada

En el presente trabajo se propone mostrar los resultados alcanzados al desarrollar una experiencia innovadora en la enseñanza de Métodos Numéricos en carreras de Ingeniería, denominada “Experiencia Educacional Conjunta”, en la que participaron las cátedras de “Calculo Avanzado” e “Hidráulica General y Aplicada”. La experiencia consistió en la aplicación de métodos numéricos para modelar el comportamiento del movimiento del agua en un medio permeable. Para su implementación los alumnos recibieron la explicación en forma conjunta de los docentes de las cátedras involucradas, ocasión en la que se suministró la información necesaria para interpretar la física del fenómeno. Se proporcionaron los datos del problema y la ecuación en derivadas parciales que representa el comportamiento hidráulico. En base a la información brindada y a los objetivos propuestos, se procedió a explicar el método de diferencias finitas para el tratamiento numérico de la ecuación de Laplace acompañando una grilla discreta y los valores en la frontera. Con los resultados obtenidos se determinaron parámetros hidráulicos de interés a fin de interpretar el problema planteado. Se analizó la calidad de los resultados obtenidos y el alcance de las técnicas numéricas en la problemática hidráulica. Finalmente, en función de una encuesta realizada, se pudo apreciar la impresión provocada en los alumnos con este tipo de experiencia educacional, y se elaboraron pautas de mejora en la metodología de la enseñanza para un mayor aprovechamiento de las temáticas abordadas por ambas cátedras.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV, no.14Facultad de Ingenierí

Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia in A Non-Adiabatic and Radiating Process

We investigate the magnetic nanoparticles hyperthermia in a non-adiabatic and radiating process through the calorimetric method. Specifically, we propose a theoretical approach to magnetic hyperthermia from a thermodynamic point of view. To test the robustness of the approach, we perform hyperthermia experiments and analyse the thermal behavior of magnetite and magnesium ferrite magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in water submitted to an alternating magnetic field. From our findings, besides estimating the specific loss power value from a non-adiabatic and radiating process, thus enhancing the accuracy in the determination of this quantity, we provide physical meaning to a parameter found in literature that still remained not fully understood, the effective thermal conductance, and bring to light how it can be obtained from experiment. In addition, we show our approach brings a correction to the estimated experimental results for specific loss power and effective thermal conductance, thus demonstrating the importance of the heat loss rate due to the thermal radiation in magnetic hyperthermia

From Parent to Gamete: Vertical Transmission of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) ITS2 Sequence Assemblages in the Reef Building Coral Montipora capitata

Parental effects are ubiquitous in nature and in many organisms play a particularly critical role in the transfer of symbionts across generations; however, their influence and relative importance in the marine environment has rarely been considered. Coral reefs are biologically diverse and productive marine ecosystems, whose success is framed by symbiosis between reef-building corals and unicellular dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium. Many corals produce aposymbiotic larvae that are infected by Symbiodinium from the environment (horizontal transmission), which allows for the acquisition of new endosymbionts (different from their parents) each generation. In the remaining species, Symbiodinium are transmitted directly from parent to offspring via eggs (vertical transmission), a mechanism that perpetuates the relationship between some or all of the Symbiodinium diversity found in the parent through multiple generations. Here we examine vertical transmission in the Hawaiian coral Montipora capitata by comparing the Symbiodinium ITS2 sequence assemblages in parent colonies and the eggs they produce. Parental effects on sequence assemblages in eggs are explored in the context of the coral genotype, colony morphology, and the environment of parent colonies. Our results indicate that ITS2 sequence assemblages in eggs are generally similar to their parents, and patterns in parental assemblages are different, and reflect environmental conditions, but not colony morphology or coral genotype. We conclude that eggs released by parent colonies during mass spawning events are seeded with different ITS2 sequence assemblages, which encompass phylogenetic variability that may have profound implications for the development, settlement and survival of coral offspring

Enhanced spin current transmissivity in Pt/ CoFe2 O4 bilayers with thermally induced interfacial magnetic modification

We report on processes of generation of spin current and conversion into charge current in CoFe2O4/Pt bilayers by means of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and spin Seebeck effect (SSE) experiments. Specifically, we explore (001) full-textured CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films grown onto (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates, covered with Pt layers deposited under two different conditions: one at room temperature and another at high temperature (400°C). The x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements indicate that the Pt layer deposited at high temperature induces an interfacial magneticlike phase (Fe,Co)-Pt alloy, which influences the magnetic behavior of the structure and is responsible for the enhancement of the spin transmission at the interface. By analyzing the SMR data, we conclude that collinear and noncollinear magnetic domains coexist at the CFO-(Fe,Co)-Pt interface. By combining the data from the SMR and SSE measurements, we obtain the ratios between the values of the spin Hall angle (θSH) and between the ones of the spin-mixing conductance (geff↑↓) in the two samples. We demonstrate that while the value of θSH decreases by one-half with the heat treatment, the value of geff↑↓ increases by more than one order of magnitude. We interpret the increase of geff↑↓ in terms of unexpected magnetic reconstructions, which produce an enhancement of the magnetic moment arisen at the interface. Since the spin-mixing conductance determines the efficiency of the spin current transmission through the interface, the spinel ferrite cobalt in contact with a normal metal with a suitable heat treatment becomes a promising material for spintronics device applications.This research was supported in Brazil by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Promoção da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Grant No. 2022/04496-0; and in Chile by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Grant No. 1210641 and FONDEQUIP EQM180103. Ministerio de Ciencia, Universidades e Investigación (SPAIN) (Grants No. PID2020-118479RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and No. TED2021-129857B-I00. The authors acknowledge support of the INCT of Spintronics and Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures (INCT-SpinNanoMag), CNPq 406836/ 2022–1.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

Priorities for synthesis research in ecology and environmental science

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the National Science Foundation grant #1940692 for financial support for this workshop, and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) and its staff for logistical support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD