Religion and politics in The Shining city: How the “Winthrop message” became the “Reagan message”

"Oxford historian Godfrey Hodgson began his 2009 debunking of American exceptionalism with a famous quotation from John Winthrop’s 1630 discourse, A Model of Christian Charity. Governor Winthrop, attempting to explain his vision for the Puritan colony of Massachusetts Bay, blended Old Testament passages with Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and John Calvin’s commentary on Matthew 5:14"(...

\u3cem\u3eAnolis\u3c/em\u3e Sex Chromosomes Are Derived from A Single Ancestral Pair

To explain the frequency and distribution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the lizard genus Anolis, we compared the relative roles of sex chromosome conservation versus turnover of sex‐determining mechanisms. We used model‐based comparative methods to reconstruct karyotype evolution and the presence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes onto a newly generated Anolis phylogeny. We found that heteromorphic sex chromosomes evolved multiple times in the genus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of repetitive DNA showed variable rates of Y chromosome degeneration among Anolis species and identified previously undetected, homomorphic sex chromosomes in two species. We confirmed homology of sex chromosomes in the genus by performing FISH of an X‐linked bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and quantitative PCR of X‐linked genes in multiple Anolis species sampled across the phylogeny. Taken together, these results are consistent with long‐term conservation of sex chromosomes in the group. Our results pave the way to address additional questions related to Anolis sex chromosome evolution and describe a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate the origins and evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in other clades

Rethinking Studio Pedagogy: Teaching Introductory Architectural Design at the Graduate Level

Over the last two years, our Architecture Program committed considerable intellectual capital to the rethinking of graduate level introductory design studio pedagogy for students entering our Masters of Architecture 1/3? year program. This reevaluation concentrates on several unique challenges intrinsic to the graduate level introductory design curriculum, which include: The inherent differences between the age and personality profiles of undergraduate and graduate students. Many programs treat the curricula as equal, with graduate students executing the same exercises as undergraduates, only at a faster pace. The developmental gap that exists in the second year of most M. Arch 1 programs between students with architecture and non-architecture backgrounds. Our goal is to retool the core design studio pedagogy in order to bring those students with undergraduate degrees in non-architecture disciplines up to the same level of design skill development as I st year graduate students with 4 year Bachelors of Science in Architecture degrees. In short, these incoming students are disciplined, mature and educated and need a highly structured environment that works to: develop skills in design and the conventions of representation; teach theory as a part of everyday studio work instead of a separate activity; and introduce an understanding of design strategy to enable mature projects to emerge more quickly. This paper focuses specifically on innovations in and the implementation of the pedagogy in the pivotal Core II Studio, which is taught in the Fall

Anolis sex chromosomes are derived from a single ancestral pair

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gamble, T., Geneva, A. J., Glor, R. E., & Zarkower, D. (2014). Anolis sex chromosomes are derived from a single ancestral pair. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, 68(4), 1027–1041. http://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12328, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12328. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.To explain the frequency and distribution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the lizard genus Anolis we compared the relative roles of sex chromosome conservation vs. turnover of sex determining mechanisms. We used model based comparative methods to reconstruct karyotype evolution and the presence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes onto a newly generated Anolis phylogeny. We found that heteromorphic sex chromosomes evolved multiple times in the genus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of repetitive DNA showed variable rates of Y chromosome degeneration among Anolis species and identified previously undetected, homomorphic sex chromosomes in two species. We confirmed homology of sex chromosomes in the genus by performing FISH of an X-linked BAC and qPCR of X-linked genes in multiple Anolis species sampled across the phylogeny. Taken together, these results are consistent with long-term conservation of sex chromosomes in the group. Our results pave the way to address additional questions related to Anolis sex chromosome evolution and describe a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate the origins and evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in other clades